The “Oucher Scale” was also developed to obtain children's self-reports of pain intensity . Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Resources include archetypes, templates, terminology subsets, release sets, metadata relating to clinical models and. While the scales perform similarly, they are not interchangeable due to their. , 1988), a validated self-report scale for pain intensity for children aged 3–12 years. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Oucher scale d. Additionally, Oucher scores were obtained before and after analgesic administration. Oucher scale d. Fourteen faces pain scales were identified, of which 4 have undergone extensive psychometric testing: Faces Pain Scale (FPS) (scored 0–6); Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R) (0–10); Oucher pain scale (0–10); and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) (0–10). Oucher, The FACES scale is appropriate for, The numeric scale is appropriate for and more. The higher the score the more pain) Baker-Wong FACES Scale. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. The age range suits this child. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Construct validity was supported for both the scales. Numeric scale c. variable finding points Facial expression --Relaxed (restful face,neutral expression) -Grimace (tight facial muscle,furrowed brow,chin,jaw) 0-1 cry -No cry (quiet,not crying)Oucher pain rating scale The Oucher scale is a self-report scale appropriate for ages 3 to 13. FACES pain scale. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn't have the language skills to express pain. Oucher d. The results indicate that behavioural assessment scales have been used flexibly to assess pain in a wide variety of situations, across different pediatric populations and for patients of different ages, and there appears to be no basis for designating the scales as measures of distress versus pain. Postoperative imaging revealed that the 13 patients received a complete bone union and improved femoral head shape. 1. , that 71 is larger than 43, can use the numerical sclae. The protocol also encouraged the use of pain scales for pain evaluation pre and postopiate doses, using the EVENDOL (EValuation ENfant DOuLeur) scale for children under the age of 4 years old, and the Oucher (27, 28) scale for children aged 4 years and older. The research questions were: 1. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Este afiche ayuda a que los niños/niñas puedan decirle a otras personas cuánto dolor. 5. Face scales are consistently preferred by children over numerical, analog, or word descriptor scales. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e. 12), and 4. Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist, A nurse is planning care for a child following a surgical procedure. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. It assesses the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Rolling from tummy to side c. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. These employ drawings or pictures of facial expressions of pain which each correspond to a number value . Oucher pain scale. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. 0 0. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use? a. b. Photographs of children's faces are used, indicating increasing degrees of distress from 0 to 10. Fotografías de niños en 6 niveles de malestar. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. There are various scales available to match the child's ethnic heritage. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. FACES pain rating tool b. Oucher scale. See Page 1Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The age range suits this child. ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn't have the language skills to express pain. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The visual analog scale: Categorizes pain along a horizontal line, ranging from mild to severe. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Oucher scale d. FLACC tool, 2. Appropriately applied. The Oucher Scale assesses pain intensity in children aged 3 to 12 years and includes two separate scales (Aradine, Beyer, & Tompkins, 1988). FACES pain rating tool b. developed: Beyer, for young patients. Welcome to the Wong-Baker FACES Foundation The official home of the This tool was originally created with children for children to help them communicate about their pain. Once practitioners clearly understood the child’s pain, they could develop a quality treatment and support plan. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Adult Non-Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS) Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD) Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) Critical-Care Observation Tool (CPOT) Pediatrics. The nurse knows that physiologic changes associated with pain in the neonate include a. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Pain, medication and complications were studied for 24 hours. Conclusions: The study findings indicated that the FACES and African-American Oucher Scales are valid and reliable tools for measuring pain in children. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Numeric scale c. The nurse teaches a preschooler to use a FACES pain rating scale prior to surgery. Basic concept Painm 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Wong/Baker Rating Scale d. FACES pain rating tool b. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Acute Disease. FLACC tool, 2. -2. מוצג לילדים קטנים מאוד אך המבינים הבעות פנים, במטרה שיצביעו על הפרצוף המייצג את תחושת הכאב שהם חשים. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Oucher D. @article{Beyer2005TheAF, title={The alternate forms reliability of the Oucher pain scale. Oucher scale d. The FPS-R contains six faces, ranging from a neutral. Would it be better to use the Oucher scale, a self report measure, or CHEOPS, a behavioural pain. 24. FLACC tool, 2. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. Photographs of children's faces are used, indicating increasing degrees of distress from 0 to 10. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. He cries and rolls his headfrom side to side a lot. 2 It is used as a measure of pain intensity. Checklist for Nonverbal Pain Indicators c. Numeric scale c. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The pain tools for infants, Younger than 1 years of age facial expression, cry, breathing pattern, arms, legs, and state of arousal. FLACC tool. A nurse is interpreting the results of a childs peak expiratory flow rate Which from NUR 214 at Wayne County Community College DistrictStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like -1. 5. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. The median Oucher scale score and interquartile range were lower in the S-Caine Patch™ group (0 and 0–35, respectively) compared with the placebo group (60 and 20–80, respectively) ( P < 0. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 3 (1), 11–23) to test the construct validity of the Oucher Scale. FACES pain rating tool b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. PTS 1 DIF Cognitive Level Comprehension REF 850 OBJ Nursing Process Evaluation from NUR 230 at Galen College of NursingFACES Scale - preschoolers - p 139 in book Oucher scale - p. 5. g. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical. A scale should measure the right phenomenon. The Oucher and Wong/Baker Rating Scales are pediatric scales. The Faces Scale, Oucher Scale, and Poker Chip Tool are all self-report scales and can. FLACC c. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self- report pain rating tools. Captopril med 1 - ati med card. Adapted from OUCHER. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. 5,17,18,24,25,27,29,30 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Oucher scale d. Oucher pain rating scale The Oucher scale is a self-report scale appropriate for ages 3 to 13. The OUCHER is a poster developed for children to help them communicate how much pain or hurt they feel. Numeric scale c. DOI: 10. FLACC tool, 2. A pilot study determined a standard deviation of 1. The poker chip tool, Although frequently used for mild to moderate pain in children, use of which of the following has been associated with a number of pediatric deaths? A. Oucher scale d. PMN. Responsiveness of scores to the pain associated with painful procedures was highest for the FLACC scale with an average increase of 5. 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. and requires the child to point to each section on the scale to describe variations in pain intensity or to point to a picture and describe variations in pain. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FACES pain rating tool b. When the data were analyzed for three cognitive stages (ages 3-7, 8-12, and 13-18 years), the following were found: For the school-age period, chi square for reliability did not reach significance (chi2 = 4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist, A nurse is planning care for a child following a surgical procedure. This process was repeated to yield two results to determine the test-retest reliability (see Exercise 4 reliability (see Exercise 4All scales were shown to be responsive to pain, demonstrated by a marked increase in scores across phases (baseline to procedural). Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning in children and adolescents. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is completing a pain assessment of an infant. 139 in book School age children - FACES scale, numeric rating scale, Visual analog scale, Poker chip scale Adolescents - Numeric rating, VAS, Adolescent pediatric pain tool (more descriptive) Children with special needs. FLACC C. " This most likely suggests which feature of pain? a. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. Pages 5. Oucher scale d. For example, females are not represented, as well as other cultures. Bohaty}, journal={Pain. Either the Oucher scale or the faces pain scale is suitable for prehospital care providers to assess pain in children. Oucher scale d. 7748/paed. The Oucher Scale B. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Twenty-two effect sizes (ESs) were initially combined across 12 studies using a fixed-effect model to obtain the summary estimate of ES on pain ratings (9 for the child–parent dyad, 8 for the child–nurse dyad, and 5 for the. Use: There are two manners of administration of the Oucher scale: numerical or. JusticeStraw9361. 2005. There are two scales on the OUCHER: a number scale for older children and a picture scale for younger children. Oucher scale d. FACES pain rating tool b. Las palabras se pueden cambiar cuando se use la escala de dibujos con un niño/niña mayor. , the PFP), describe its progression and timing, and search for. Edad: 4 años o. Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale D. Premium. On the left of the poster is the numerical scale. Access the FACES… Most children aged five years and older can provide meaningful self-reports of pain intensity if they are provided with age-appropriate tools and training. 05, Table 1). Which of the following occurs with malignant hypertension? (Select all that apply. The Poker Chip Scale asks children to quantify their pain in “pieces of hurt,” with more poker chips representing. Oucher scale d. PDF. Apply the medication an hour before the procedure beings. Numeric scale c. 12. Type b. This psychometric examination determined whether children, by their scores. Oucher scale d. B The Checklist for Nonverbal Pain Indicators is for nonverbal adults. low-dose morphine and more. Cover the treated area with a transparent occlusive dressing. Oucher scale d. Purpose: To compare the validity, reliability, and preference of pain intensity measurement tools--the African-American Oucher Scale, the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)--in 100 African-American children between 3 and 18 years of age. org) Skala Oucher adalah salah satu metode pengkajian nyeri yang digunakan khusus untuk anak-anak. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. 7) was lower than the preoperative Oucher scale (5. The numeric scale of the Oucher was used by 67 children (48. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale The FLACC scale is an appropriate tool for infants and young children who cannot report pain. Was this document helpful? 0 0. Many are available, including the Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS-R) (10; the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and the Oucher . Poker chip tool D. Positive correlation then the validity of both scales. Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) Numeric scale c. pmn. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Physiologic measurements in children's pain assessment are: a. There are two scales on the OUCHER: a number scale for older children and a picture scale for younger children. NURS MISC. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Skala nyeri oucher adalah alat untuk mengukur intensitas nyeri pada anak. FLACC tool, 2. 5 In general, self-report methods are useful in children at least five to six years old. , that 71 is larger than 43, can use the numerical sclae. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Severity c. Like the CRIES scale, this set of variables is scored on a scale of 0 – 2. View full document. Oucher scale d. JPAIN. The FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) tool should be used with a 2-year-old child. tramadol C. Oucher scale D. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. 01). As stated in our protocol, for a patient to receive opiate, he/she must have a. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. He cries and rolls his head from side to side a lot. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. 03. Now the scale is used around the world with people ages 3 and older, facilitating communication and improving assessment so pain management can be addressed. Oucher scale d. Oucher scale data presented as number of participants with scores of 0 to 30 and with scores of 30 to 80; Oucher scale usually scored on 0 to 10 scale: Sample size: High risk: 60 participants (30 in each group)Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Oucher d. FACES pain rating tool b. The Wong-Baker Scale also adds word descriptors to each face (no hurt, hurts a little, hurts a whole lot, etc. FACES scaleMY ANSWERThe nurse should not use the. 0 to 1 based on nurse Except cry (0 to 2) Pain is higher with a higher score, Higher the score the higher the pain 0 to 2 score 2 months to 7 years old. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. COMFORT scale. Numeric scale c. Oucher scaleThe nurse should not use the Oucher scale to assess pain in a toddler. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. and requires the child to point to each section on the scale to describe variations in pain intensity or to point to a picture and describe variations in pain. FLACC tool, While gathering a history, the school. Exemptions from the Minimum Rent Requirement11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) There are several different scales that can be used to assess for pain severity. Now the scale is used around the world with people ages 3 and older, facilitating communication and improving assessment so pain management can be addressed. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Oucher scale d. Pain scales are a common communication tool in medical contexts, and are used in a variety of medical settings. lev el of 0. Expand. There are various scales available to match the child's ethnic heritage. Thrashing of extremities, 2. He cries and rolls his head from side to side a lot. 40% (5)Coding tips for using CRIES Crying The characteristic cry of pain is high pitched If no cry or cry which is not high pitched score 0 If cry high pitched but baby is easily consoled score 1 If cry is high pitched and baby is inconsolable score 2 Look for changes in oxygenation. )b. In 1981, shortly after completing graduate school, Connie. Was this document helpful? 42 0. For example, females are not represented, as well as other cultures. Gently rub the cream into the skin until it disappears. FACES pain rating tool b. Numeric scale c. Even though it covers a wide array of patients, it still has limits. Basic concept Painm 2 - ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES Basic Concept STUDENT NAME - Studocu. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Numeric scale C. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Scores are interpreted as follows: 0: Relaxed and comfortable. The result reveals 3 patients with Frankel grade C, 14 with grade D, and 2. HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PROGRAM GUIDEBOOK PHAs are required4 to adopt a minimum rent which may be set anywhere from $0 to $50. The Oucher scale, a "validated visual pain scale scoring from 0 (no pain) to 100 (maximum pain)," has two separate scales to help children identify their pain level. FACES pain rating tool b. FLACC tool ANS: D A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or does not have the language skills to express pain. Children who are able to identify the larger of two numbers use the vertical. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. the best. One major challenge in the management of severe pain is the objective measurement of pain. (Personally I like the OUCHER Scale) Provides photos of multiple ethnicities as shown below; Kids <4 Years: Very limited communication; Can use the FLACC Scale (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Scale (Range 0 -10. 16 Examples include the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, for use by children ages three to 18 years 31; the Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R), for use by children ages four years and older 21; and the Oucher Scale, for use by children ages three to. 3. FLACC scale. Due to the subjective nature of pain, it can be very difficult for. FACES pain rating tool b. The Faces Scale, Oucher Scale, and Poker Chip Tool are all self-report scales and can. Crying d. FACES pain rating tool b. The alternate form of the Oucher is actually a mirror image of the original large form, just smaller in size. Oucher scale d. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. One scale is a series of six photographs showing a child in varying degrees of discomfort, and is used by younger children. The original Oucher (Figure 1) consists of two separate scales: a 0 to 100 scale on the left for older children and a six-picture photographic scale on the right for younger children. in Table 1, the effect of most of the various distraction in-Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Oucher scale d. and relationships between the Oucher. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. 05 and test power of 0. The Oucher consists of a laminated poster, comprising six colour photographs and a vertical, numerical scale. Numeric scale c. This most likely suggests which feature of pain? a. Hemodynamic variables presented graphically only, without SDs. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. FACES pain rating tool c. The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. 001, Mann–Whitney U test). 11. The FACES, numeric, and Oucher scales are all self-report pain rating tools. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. types of pain. OUCHER Pain Scale C. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. Results:Parents and nurses used VAS (n = 6), the Oucher Scale (n = 1), FPS (n = 1), and one study with 7-point FPS and VAS. Oucher scale d. The. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. FLACC tool R A behavioral pain tool should be used when the child is preverbal or doesn’t have the language skills to express pain. Intensity or severity (Use analog scale to quantify) Factors that increase or relieve pain (positioning, movement) Goals for pain control (The patient’s preferred assessment tool. An earlier comparison of the Oucher with another behavioural scale demonstrated poor correlation between them overall, but agreement, particularly at lower scores, was good. }, author={Judith E. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. jpg from NURS 321 at Coppin State University. FACES scale B. It uses six drawings of faces to help the patient rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 5. al grupo racial al que se quiera aplicar (anglo-The Oucher and the Wong-Baker Scales assign a numerical value to each face (e. Since the purpose of a pain scale is to decide on analgesic therapy, a pain scale should measure the symptom that can be treated using analgesics. Upgrade to Premium to unlock it. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old. There are many age-appropriate tools available for assessing pain in pediatrics. 4 out of 4 people found this document helpful. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When performing a pain assessment on a 2-month-old infant, which of the following pain scales is the most appropriate to use? A. Numeric scale c. 6 of 20) (Bai & Jiang, 2015). 3, respectively. Location, 2. Oucher pain scale: Description: A self-report pain assessment tool for children aged 3 to 12. The study findings indicated that the FACES and African-American Oucher Scales are valid and reliable tools for measuring pain in children. The OUCHER scale uses photographic faces and is available in six culturally sen - sitive faces. . The child's assessment reveals guarding of the abdomen. Children, who are able to count to 100 by ones or tens and who understand e. Additional large-scale studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and cost–benefit and risk–benefit issues. FACES pain rating tool b. The VAS is indicated for use with older school-age children and adolescents. When pain is assessed in an infant, it is inappropriate to assess for a. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Oucher scale d. Pain is a common presenting symptom for emergency. Beyer, RN, PhD Christine B. Oucher scale d. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Severe pain is a common presenting symptom for emergency patients. The OUCHER scale, like the Wong-Baker, uses a numeric scale; however, it ranges from 0 to 5 with 0 being no pain and 5 being the worst pain. This study examined the construct validity of the African-American and Hispanic versions of the Oucher Scale as measures of pain in 104 children ages 3 to 12 years old. Patient-reported Outcomes from A National, Prospective, Observational Study of Emergency Department Acute Pain Management With an Intranasal Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, Opioids, or Both. FACES B. Our goal is to examine the dynamics of their expression (i. Numeric scale d . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is completing a pain assessment of an infant. is. Oucher scale d. The FACES pain rating scale can be used to assess pain for children 3 years of age and older. There is a version that containsa vertical numerical scale of 10 to 100 and is appropriate for children who can. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. The only tool validated for assessing pain in mechanically ventilated patients ages 0 to 18 years is the;Oucher pain scale. 7 to 10: Severe discomfort/pain. 1016/j. Thus, the simplest tool, FACES with the drawn happy and sad faces, was more appealing to the children in this study than the African American OUCHER Scale. doi: 10. Blood Pressure / physiology. validation, and continuing development of the Oucher: a measure of pain intensity. Oucher scale d. They evaluate several behavioral and/or physiological parameters related to. סרגל אאוצ'ר (the Oucher Scale) - צילומי פנים של ילדים החווים כאב בעוצמה מתגברת מ-1 עד 10. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) is a measure of pain intensity that was modified from the Faces Pain Scale (Wong-Beker) [2] to facilitate a more acceptable 0 to 10 criterion in scoring pain sensation. Despite the magnitude of effects that pain can have on a child, it is often inadequately assessed and treated. Numeric D. Captopril med card - med card. Which pain assessment tool should the nurse use to assess this child for the presence of pain? a. Oxygen Saturation, Respiratory Pattern and Rate, Skin Color, Skin Turgor. A 2-year-old child has been returned to the nursing unit after an inguinal hernia repair. FLACC tool, The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old girl. 002) and 5 (P = 0. Significant correlations were found between the two. ” Cómo usar el OUCHER Escala de dibujos: El siguiente es un ejemplo de como explicar la escala de dibujos a un niño/niña menor. Restrain the child's arms C. FACES pain rating tool b. The average operation time was 175 min (range 160–195).