Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. 7. Custom bet sizes. Piosolver is an impressive piece of software that allows users to learn more about the game of poker than it was ever possible with other tools. Next, we measured the speed and exploitability of our custom solutions against the industry standard PioSolver. This software provides. Altho it never hurts to have a solver to run oddities on ;) 1. . 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. We experimented on a Windows 10 PC with a Ryzen 7 3700X CPU (16 threads; PioSOLVER Free is limited to 6 threads). Discover the secrets to mastering poker cash games now!Our custom solutions have achieved speed and accuracy that outperform all benchmarks! GTO Wizard AI leverages the power of artificial intelligence to quickly and accurately solve complex poker spots. 03-06-2023 08:57 PM. The stat checker will also map your frequencies against GTO for all common spots on the flop and turn. 執筆中、shino氏に被った記事です。(´･ω･`) お蔵入りを検討しましたが、既に書いてしまったものなので、氏への敬愛とリスペクトを込めて公開します。 氏のブログと併せて読んでくださいね。 ついでに拍手してきてくださいね。 --- 1．GTO+とPioSOLVERのメリット・デメリット ところで、GTOその. The button's c-betting strategy on J♠ 6 ♥ 6 ♦ vs the BB @ 40bb. Play vs. Fabian Pichara julio 21, 2021 GTOWIZARD, Herramientas de Poker, Solvers de Poker. Browse GTO solutions. 两条真理. 实现了即时性和可视化性能的飞跃. The biggest change is that you will now be able to build arbitrary trees which includes more bet sizes, improved automatic tree builder and easy format to make subtle adjustments in the scripts. On Feb. ago. In 2022, Philippe Beardsell and Marc-Antoine Provost, a team of Canadian programmers from Quebec, developed the most advanced poker solver, Ruse AI. With each iteration of such an algorithm, the strategy produced gets closer to a. Cost wise, GTO+ < 1 month of GTOWizard so make sure you know what you want. Cheers. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. Select the dropdown of the active player, and you’ll have the option to copy the ranges of. Set mining is a poker strategy that involves playing pocket pairs with the aim of flopping a set. There are a few poker training apps out on the market that either use GTO-based information or AI to help. Raise size options. Me subscribí al GTO Wizard, pero como es mensual, me parece un poco caro siendo mensual ($49) y tampoco es que esté. Overcard Overlimp Overpair Overplay Paint cards Passive Passive exploitation Peel Piosolver. This can be great. Select the dropdown of the active player, and you’ll have the option to copy the ranges of. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. Yeah the interface is cool for GTO Wiz and I like the feature of uploading a hand to have it analyzed. We decimated the ACPC champion Slumbot for 19bb/100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. PioSOLVER will be a very valuable assistant for the experienced players. Solvers can get incrediby complicated with the amount of user options needed to be configured before you can even run one simulation. Game theory optimal, or GTO poker strategy, is a strategy that seeks complete balance in the game, making your plays 100% unexploitable by your opponents. Been using the free trial of GTOWizard recently and found it pretty useful so was considering upgrading, but was wondering what people's thoughts were on these GTO training websites and how this one compares to other sites/tools. SB vs BB cash pack. This was a weird and flattering way to start my morning. Browse GTO solutions. Alternatively, you can select a specific part of their range. It’s real-time using a HUD (heads up display) and after you have played a decent sample you can look for leaks. Then there's stuff like. With custom solving, you can: Change the player’s ranges. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. ago. But when we filter by “bet 1. Undoubtedly, solvers using cloud technology have many advantages over their older brothers. Incentives - the easy and powerful way to do player profiling. I did a bit more digging and found a pretty cool comparison with GTO+ and PIOSolver - which is worth sharing here i think. The Role of GTO Solvers. Cutting Edge. GTO Wizard AI. Browse GTO solu app. 2. PioSOLVER vs. Our solutions consist of over 300. もう一つ言いたいこととして、私はPioSolverには多少無理をしてでも複数のサイズを入れたほうがいいと考えています。. If you can't afford the software, then the stakes you play won't. If you want to run the occasional solve, GTO+ is the more reasonable option. Non-exhaustive list of changes:While lots of work has been placed into research and explanation of heads-up pot strategy, multiway pots still largely remain an unexplored frontier in poker. As you may be aware the cost of GTO pre flop solutions using PioSOLVER is quite expensive. Eliminate leaks in your poker game and improve your winrate by studying with our large variety of. Hold'em Manager 3 (HM3) Arguably the most popular poker tracker software, HM3 offers a comprehensive suite of tools and features tailored to both beginners and advanced players. PioSolver Free is a very quick turn and river solver that includes a range explorer (flops included), node locking, and solving with rake. Fully scriptable. 1,208 polezipoker. 95% of the available river EV. 06. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. Verdict: 9/10. I find GTO trainers to be mostly useless. GTO Wizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. PioSOLVER will help you to calculate Nash equilibrium in all situations of playing postflop – on the river and on the turn as accurately as possible. Advanced Poker Training vs Poker Snowie vs Poker Fighter The Five Card Stud. Location. Sticky: [GTO] GTO Wizard. ，德州扑克教学 | 盖帽口袋对怎么打？，德州扑克-关于德州扑克辅助工具，【扑克字典】——翻前训练器，如何剥削松凶玩家？，【GTOWizard】全新黑科技训练功能，QQ对TT，solver怎么说？，【Finding Equilibrium】剥削vsGTO 查理对了吗？vs BTN:2群and4群. PioSOLVER, Simple Postflop, GTO+ and More: Advanced Tools for Serious Poker Players. The Edge version is not really necessarily unless you are doing some serious HPC stuff. Example: 1: “I suck at poker”. 如果与我个人比较熟悉 和我的交流中会经常听到我强调人类的概念. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. One is to select ‘Strategy+EV’ from the Strategy dropdown menu. Currently I use GTO+ because I'm a broke college student and couldn't afford the expensive Piosolver, although I would prefer it. Our flop solutions achieved an exploitability of only 0. Add or. Performance. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. PIO solver subset vs GTO subset. 0, GTO+, and even my solver. Buy Now Get Started. It doesn't solve preflop. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. GTO+“@poker_star123 PioSOLVERやGTO+で計算するためには、preflopの時点のお互いのレンジは自分で入力する必要があります。 Preflop SolutionsはIP vs BBなどpreflopのGTO戦略が計算できる場合に限られますが、最適なpreflopのレンジをあらかじめ計算してくれたものになります。”BONUS #1: Access to the Sim-File-Folders - pre-made simulation files for PioSOLVER and GTO+ including preflop ranges. We can speculate why: J♠ J ♦ doesn’t benefit much from protection as the only overcards are A, K, and Q. Respond-Creative • 3 days ago. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. Preflop is pretty simple really, at least in cash games. To do so, simply select the “copy” button above either player’s range. 与人类相对应的则是solver给出的结果 或者说. The table below shows that Desktop Postflop, a native port of WASM Postflop, was the clear winner in terms of execution time. 1. (UPDATE: I am informed that since the engine update in GTO+ v1. However, to celebrate the introduction of GTO Wizard AI, we’re offering a limited time Early Bird Discount starting from $109/month! The Elite tier offers unlimited exclusive access to GTO Wizard AI custom. 00; Full Package – PioSolver Solutions $ 1,100. Looks like these 3 packs that are on sale are total of $222 for a year. I’m a losing poker player (-$8,730 live, about -$2,500 online) in about 700 hours of play spread out over two years. You can drill specific actions like c-betting on the flop or you can play full hands through to the river. Odin Vs GTOWizard. Piosolver's got nothing on. Python tells Pio to run the spot and then takes the data and does what it needs to do with it. Alternatively, you can select a specific part of their range. 21% Nash Distance, accomplished in a fraction of the time of a traditional solution! In this article, we break down the accuracy of our solutions by preflop action, stack depth. 今回はA high bord conected bordのranibow boardについてみていきたいと思います。. Quick Start; FAQ; Video Tutorials; Community. PioSOLVER. PioSOLVER is a postflop equilibrium solver for Holdem which you can run on run-of-the-mill modern home PC. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. 1. Explota los RIVALES de Tus MESAS aplicando esta ESTRATEGIA Avanzada EXPLOTATIVA desviándote ️ CORRECTAMENTE del GTO. Piosolver was among the first publicly available solvers and therefore is widely used and popular within the poker community. Gto+ does pretty much everything pio does and id argue the UI is more intuitive plus you get the play against the solution similar to simple postflops trainer. Passive Passive exploitation Peel Piosolver Playing the board Pocket pair Pocket rockets Poker face Polarized Start crushing with GTO Wizard Get started The ultimate tool to elevate your game. Betting will also increase the proportion of strong hands like AJ and KQ in range in OOP’s range, weakening your outs. 0 is slower and less memory efficient than PioSOLVER 2. As expert player Matt Hunt stated in his multiway course, Three's A Crowd: "Multiway postflop spots are more similar. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. PioSolver 3. Below are three RFI ranges pulled from identical PKO and Classic 7-handed final table solutions from the GTO Wizard library. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. It’s priced at $149/month (or $129/month with an annual subscription). You can choose high or low RNG or turn it off. Piosolver is a tool, one that's hard to use and interpret, but it's the most powerful tool on the market. Our custom solutions have achieved speed and accuracy that outperform all benchmarks! GTO Wizard AI leverages the power of artificial intelligence to quickly and accurately solve complex poker spots. As you may know, both PIO and GTO have their own unique respective subsets of +- 25 ranges. 8. . Compared to GTO+, the output EVs did not match, even when I specified that both players always check. 00. The most common rule for bankroll management in tournament poker is to have a bankroll of at least 100 times the average buy-in of the tournaments you play. その点、GTOWizardがPiosolverのようなソフトウェアを完全に置き換えることはありません。将来的にはクラウドの計算リソースを活用してNodelockの解析し、その結果をマイページに保存とかできたらPiosolverから完全に置き換わるかもしれませんが. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. The term GTO poker strategy comes from “game theory optimal,” the full name of the strategy that was invented over the last decade. The simplest explanation is that poker solvers are calculating an optimal strategy based on a handful of options (inputs) which are set by the user. This solver also came out much later than GTO+ or Piosolver. You now have 90 chips. Reds: $. as for a good alternative i see flopzilla. 4BP Package – PioSolver Solutions $ 360. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. Next, we measured the speed and exploitability of our custom solutions against the industry standard PioSolver. I'm sure it still works great though, but I just find being able to save all my files locally instead of having it hang out in my browser cache is much easier to work with. Should I quit? r/poker • Danny Tang (K7s. We experimented on a Windows 10 PC with a Ryzen 7 3700X CPU (16 threads; PioSOLVER Free is limited to 6 threads). I've been using PIOsolver 2 recently which has a GTO trainer and I've also used Simple GTO Trainer in. 5) V bets 10. Add or. Simple 3-Way is one of the most complex in terms of development and the most advanced in terms of algorithms GTO solver. This is why you see the solver betting more often with the lower overpairs and less often with the higher overpairs. The hardest part in my opinion is learn how to organize and study the data. 1. 0 is out! Read more. Players in this position have the advantage of seeing what the first three positions will do and can adjust their play accordingly. Websolvers such as GTOWizard and GTOx offer faster solutions, but the quality and transparency of these. 21% Nash Distance , accomplished in a fraction of the time of a traditional solution! These include the program's features and capabilities, its performance and speed, and its user-friendliness. Get started for free. PioSOLVER is great for high volume analysis When saving the solutions PioSOLVER offers various save-size options. It is the highest possible flush in a given game, and it is made up of five cards of the same suit in consecutive order. . Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. Its sophisticated software analyzes your gameplay and suggests improvements to enhance your decision-making skills. Browse GTO solutions. Conventional poker solvers like PioSolver use an approximate equilibrium-finding algorithm called Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR). “In for $1k, left with nothing. Cash Project Cum-Laude 69 mensajes Buenas, juego 200-600 desde hace unos años y hasta hace 2-3 meses no había cacharreado nunca un Solver. It was released in 2015 and got a significant update in 2021. Looking at the solution will only take you so far. GTOwizard has preflop solutions that were solved in monkersolver. Peel Piosolver Playing the board Pocket aces Pocket pair Poker face Polarized Position Post. Quite simply PokerSnowie is a powerful piece of poker training software with the goal of showing you how to play un-exploitable poker in every situation. ago. With GTO+, you can quickly build decision trees, fill in any play as you see fit, and let the GTO solver figure. 99. 5, Hero raises to 7. Enjoy!Next, we measured the speed and exploitability of our custom solutions against the industry standard PioSolver. com GTO Wizardはweb上で誰でも簡単にGTOについて学ぶことが出来るツールになります。 無料版ですと出来ることは限られていますが、プ. A delayed cbet (continuation bet) happens when both players check the flop, then on the turn, the preflop aggressor bets the turn, whether in position or out of position. These options include : The preflop ranges of each player. piosolverは与えられた状況を実際に計算してgto戦略を表示してくれます。 Upload your HHs and instantly see your GTO mistakes. Currently I use GTO+ because I'm a broke college student and couldn't afford the expensive Piosolver, although I would prefer it. On average, our custom solutions only lost 0. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. What is Pair in poker? Any two cards of the same rank. PioSOLVER is one of the most popular GTO poker solvers on the market. 7,273. PIO is the industry standard for the pros and training sites but GTO+ is more popular with the amateur crowd. Piosolver pro has text scripting which allows for much deeper analysis if you can code. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. For example, if you typically play $50 buy-in tournaments, you should have a bankroll of at least $5,000. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. Change the stack and pot size. Poker Cash Game Strategy: Unleash Your Potential and Dominate the Table! Poker Cash Game Strategy: Seize your chance to become a consistent winner. . 159. 95% of the available river EV. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. 512 Kbps isn't a very high speed for most internet providers and you should be able to find a decent price. This robust software takes the guesswork out of the game, enabling you to make optimal decisions under a multitude of circumstances. Click on the performance field for a visual graph of your performance. These inputs include: PioSolver seems to have established a reputation as the top end, state-of-the art GTO poker solver, but equally there are coaches who claim the only distinguishing top end feature is the pricing. The results were then correlated to give you. No. And if you're only looking for preflop then yeah GTOwizard has all. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. Quitting poker, here are some preflop solutions and results from the math work I've done. We’re launching a new Elite tier for the best of the best. However, these tools may not be a priority for beginners, as. The size of the pot. There’s even a discord group new customers can join. The ranges tab allows you to copy the ranges from any node into standard Piosolver / GTO+ text input. 100-150% Bet Sizing. Blue chips: $1. WASM Postflop was executed on Google Chrome 108. We can see from the matrix above, value bets mostly include trips and Jx. prefers the 25% pot compared to the 33% pot as it captures the eV more efficiently and it keeps a higher SPR vs checkraise IP which is a headache for opponents assuming 100bb+ stacks. The ranges tab allows you to copy the ranges from any node into standard Piosolver / GTO+ text input. It was released in 2015 and got a significant update in 2021. 🔗 Useful Links 🔗🛒 For the solved ranges I use in this video 👉 For my website 👉. GTOツール 比較チャート. To do so, simply select the “copy” button above either player’s range. com－价格249美元－1099美元. GTO+ seems comparable but just cheaper. short stack tends to play closer to ChipEV. Our flop solutions achieved an exploitability of only 0. こんにちは。NAOKIです。 いきなりですが、皆さんはGTO Wizardというツールをご存じでしょうか。 GTO Wizard The ultimate poker tool to elevate your game. Other terms Paint cards Pair. It will define the “best” action compared to the “correct” actions and affect your GTO Wizard score. PioSOLVER 2 offers great functionality that consistently gets good reviews. [GTO] PioSOLVER - postflop equilibrium solver for Holdem Today 03:30 AM by Highspirit1978. But i cant find any comparison between Piosolver and GTO+ from the Flopzilla author. This isn’t an exact replica of GTO Wizard trees. With custom solving, you can: Change the player’s ranges. The range vs range equities (or range vs any chose subset) are calculated. GTO+ seems comparable but just cheaper. I’ve grinded GTOwizard and other training sites to no avail. turn probes of all sizes as the in-position preflop raiser in single raised pots. read more. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. The PioSolver home page describes the wide array of pricing and product options. Any advice is massively appreciated. Sin respuestas 02/12/2021 12:54 1. This style of poker is the exact opposite of the. Tournament poker preflop is probably the most important thing to study since much of the mid-late level play is very preflop centered. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. So you might be playing BTN vs BB flop Cbet or check in single raised pots – the. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. Snowie is $100 per year but is not really a GTO solver, however it is very beginner friendly. KTs > 54s > KJs. RNG mode will apply the number you’ve rolled to your decisions. GTO Wizard has combined the power of artificial intelligence with traditional solving methods to bring you high-quality GTO poker solutions at incredible speeds. Avoid muscle tics. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. OOPのレンジを以下のように. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. The Fundamentals of ICM in Poker. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. Its sophisticated software analyzes your gameplay and suggests improvements to enhance your decision-making skills. 4. By changing the display to. IP. To do so, simply select the “copy” button above either player’s range. About;Features and Functionality: Breaking Down MonkerSolver vs PioSolver. 50. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. その点、GTOWizardがPiosolverのようなソフトウェアを完全に置き換えることはありません。 将来的にはクラウドの計算リソースを活用してNodelockの解析し、その結果をマイページに保存とかできたらPiosolverから完全に置き換わるかもしれませんが、計算. GTO preflop ranges and poker strategy charts available to buy and download for PioSolver and MonkerViewer. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. The pricing varies widely, from free options to $500 or more. PioSolver、GTO+、MokerSolverなどの 紹介は省かせ頂きます。. In contrast, ICMizer is only for push/fold situations. Pokerstars also mentions you should have a fast, stable internet connection to get the most out of their poker client. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. by DudeDennis. Join Poker. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. GTO+ has a more user friendly interface and is much cheaper. The most popular ones in this area are Holdem Manager, PokerTracker, and Hand2Note. Buy Now Get Started. You can import your own custom SPF solution files and, if you own SPF, use the SPF engine for real time turn and river solving to enhance your training. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. PioSolver requires putting in the hand range of the opponent, so the quality of PioSolver's solution is largely down to how accurate the guess at that hand range is. GTO Wizard is free/$39 per month/$69 per month. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. There is a Preflop-Chart editor to create images of your preflop strategies. Tracking poker software. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. This poker program will help you master the concepts of equity, odds, and outs and learn to become a big winner! READ MORE. Odin Vs GTOWizard. Should I quit?Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. Not only can you use it as a solver to check spots after your session, but more importantly it has aggregated reports where it's much easier to learn strategies and also the trainer is the best one I've experienced. PioSOLVER. Browse GTO solutions. Just looking for recommendations on which to go for above. Try it for free at solutions • Practice GTO • Analyze hand history And ma. Up to 2 activations (use on two PCs). ago pio edge. GTO opponent Range builder Practice range construction Hands Review practiced hands Sessions Review practiced. PIOsolver vs GTOwizard. Message us on Discord, or email us at hello(at)gtowizard(dot)com. PioSOLVER provides customers with important updates that this soft significantly upgrades useful functionality. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. Seeking ValidationA commercially available poker solver. Need help? We’ve got you covered! What is custom solving? Custom solving is a revolutionary new poker tool that allows you to solve any situation in seconds! Unlike presolved solutions, custom solving allows you to edit the solving parameters. For poker tournaments, there are a variety of different color options, the WSOP have their own set of color values, and the EPT has their own set of color values. permalink; save; context; full comments (12) report;I show you how to copy ranges from Preflop Academy and paste them into GTO+ to solve poker hands efficiently. So your Lucid GTO subscription includes access to the best solver around. This guide gives an overview of our custom solver’s performance. Card Player sat down with Acevedo, the humble wizard behind the Modern Poker Theory, to get the inside track on understanding and. They use complex algorithms to simulate countless poker hands, taking into account variables such as stack sizes, position, and hand ranges. We’ve also benchmarked how well our automatic bet sizing algorithm performs in this article. While GTO Wizard simplifies the world of game theory optimal (GTO) strategy,. While the GTO term is very well known, many do not find a convenient way to study it and struggles to improve. A “chopped board” in poker is one where the community cards make up the best 5-card hand for the majority of hands in both players’ ranges. 21% pot when nodelocking our flop solutions against PioSolver. WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS FOR GTO WIZARD? In November 2020: Analyze HHs feature + you can expect fully working mobile/tablet version of all features In development: New formats, 3-way solutions, GTO Academy, Weekly coachings, Puzzles, GTO HUD, Aggregated study view and much more. Select the dropdown of the active player, and you’ll have the option to copy the ranges of. Some people also refer to this as GTO or game theory. Our flop solutions achieved an exploitability of only 0. 100 in a 150k hand HUNL match, and averaged a Nash Distance of only 0. Hey crowned, thank you for your comment and kind words. Typically this is done to calculate exploitative adjustments. Anyway Tombos21 I’m you’re biggest fan thank you for making me a micro-stakes Chad and helping me come to terms with my sexuality. Sep 8, 2021. 0 is out! Read more. Odin Vs GTOWizard. 我说我这个有用，我这个可以优化。. PioSolver. My inability to beat even 1/3 live has driven me insane. Watch on. We are pleased to announce PioSOLVER 1. GTO+ w/ Flopzilla vs PioSolver DudeDennis. Just calling 3 bets with AA for the sake of "balance" is just costing you money. This guide gives an overview of our custom solver’s performance. 日本語でpiosolverの使い方をここまで詳細に纏めた記事はどこにもないと自負しています。 ※購入された方のうち、希望される方はdiscord上で1時間分のpiosolver相談が可能です。しばらくpiosolverに触れた後で、分からないことを聞くのがおすすめです。 🔗 Useful Links 🔗🛒 For the solved ranges I use in this video 👉 For my website 👉. 8. 22% accuracy. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. The good news is that you can get an extra 10% discount for GTO Wizard when you register through us for your first purchase. 23%. They require powerful hardware and significant time in order to achieve high accuracy. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. 0 new saves can be loaded in fast mode. Be aware of any physical reactions you might have when you have a good or bad hand, such as tapping your foot or biting your lip, and work to avoid these actions.