Game theory optimal, or GTO poker strategy, is a strategy that seeks complete balance in the game, making your plays 100% unexploitable by your opponents. While it is a popular training tool for learning GTO preflop ranges, it also allows users to follow GTO lines postflop. Browse GTO solutions. for example: if villain has a lot of bad bluffcatchers in his range (lets say PPs) and we have a hand of our thin value range, then we dont need to manipulate at all. 5 BBs instead of the original 2. This guide provides a poker hands chart for the most common scenarios you need with a stack of 100bb. 2. With Deepsolver all you need is access to a web browser. If SB has a mixed strategy (including both limping and raising), he can play wider hand range. To keep the overall frequency relatively stable, some hands have to make way by either being completely removed from the range like 65s, 76s or being played less. Poker range charts like this typically cost hundreds of dollars to buy, but you get them as a free bonus when you sign. This will copy the range as text in standard UPI format. DEFINITION / EXAMPLE. The numbers mean big blinds, for example shoving KQo here. Using InstaGTO is the way, how you can incredibly improve your game thanks to AI data analysis and GTO calculations. The contents of this article are largely directly from chapter 7 of the book GTO Poker Gems. The average burden of defense is 25% per player facing this overbet (compared to 44% HU). Custom solving is a revolutionary new poker tool that allows you to solve any situation in seconds! Unlike presolved solutions, custom solving allows you to edit the solving parameters. The default ICMIZER3 analysis is based on this 40. Everyone is going to have holes and weaknesses in their game. Find out which of these preflop ranges are best to use, when to deviate from them, and the pros/cons of using non-exploitative hand. Poker GTO Preflop Hand Ranges. How to adjust your ranges to exploit your opponents. These have been calculated with custom software. To understand the SB RFI, you have to look at the BB calling range and then decide whether a loose passive, TAG, LAG, or maniac would play those ranges. Therefore, please check the minimum requirements first to make sure GTO Poker Ranges By Red Chip is compatible with your phone. However if you're playing for real money at any realistic poker game, a GTO player will make more than you because its baseline winrate is so incredibly high. Set the stack and pot: 5. . Quick switch between study in the Range Viewer and practice in the GTO Poker Trainer. 5x and 3x open (no rake) - $99. Preflop ranges aren't made with Piosolver. – Support of iPoker for the HH Analyzer. Jan 30, 2022 (v1. Only the absolute loosest, most aggressive opposition will play a range this wide, but it certainly does happen. In the cutoff you only have one person standing between you and the button. PioSOLVER - Introduction and Overview of Features. Highly recommend!I’m studying some Pre-flop ranges and a question I had is when playing online do you guys tend to use the GTO ranges or do you guys make custom ranges for yourselves? For example let’s say for example the GTO 3B in position calling range has 88-66 mixing with 33% calling and 67% folding. I know those ranges are out there, I have seen sites offering them for (lot) of money but first i don't trust those sites and second the prices seem very high considering i'm sure every serious reg already has them on their pc. This is a much wider range than the LoJack and UTG ranges, which now includes most suited kings (K4s+), many offsuit aces (A4o+), almost all of the suited connectors (43s+) and one-gappers (53s+), and all pocket pairs (22+). A balanced range is one that contains the correct ratio of value hands to bluffs in order to make your opponent’s actions indifferent. 1 is the best commercially available packaged preflop set on the market and its not really close. Creating a GTO open index. As soon as three players found their alliance at a Spin and Go table, a wheel appears, starts spinning and randomly decides which multiplier to put on your buy-in to decide the price-pool. As a reminder, the flop is A ♣ T ♣ 2 ♠. The average burden of defense is 25% per player facing this overbet (compared to 44% HU). Copy the ranges directly from the Ranges Tab provided in the link above. Play GTO at 1-3 and you’ll “win” the debate and lose your bankroll. Cutting Edge. In other words, you find and attack weaknesses in your opponents game, even if it creates some of your own. Utilize all of our charts, including battle-tested simplified GTO ranges, to solidify your entire. Other functionality includes the ability to upload hand histories to identify GTO mistakes. Jonathan Little's site has good opening charts for free, and are specifically 6-max 100BB. Run the same hand through a solver - if I'm lazy I'll just look up the ranges, but sometimes its interesting to put them on normal 'non-GTO' ranges just to see hwo things work out. Huge range of GTO tournament solutions. Try to have. Using GTO ranges as a reference, we can expect players to be holding something like this, respectively. Start using our GTO ranges (both raw and simplified) and infuse your preflop strategy with solver-approved hand selection. mkr files) for MonkerSolver and . This is the same as the first pack, but it includes the solutions for 4 different raise sizes (as opposed to one). One concept which is highly applicable to poker tournaments and SNGs is " Nash Equilibrium ". Covering No Limit Holdem Cash, MTT, ICM, Spin & Go, Hyper Turbo SnG and PLO poker. If we use too large or too small of a size, our opponent will have an easy decision with most of his hands. Try Simple 3-Way today to boost your multiway strategy and get 10% off! Take a look inside. 4) Added the complete UTG Straddle rGTO range set (in Full Ring Cash Ranges) Added the OR UTG Straddle rGTO ranges to the Free section. Any 3rd party range pack available for purchase will be verified, GTO solved and come from only reputable sources that are confirmed to be using best practices to. The most efficient way to find your leaks - see all your mistakes with just one click. In just a few clicks you can have your ranges and all for free. Free. You can still use a small open size from early position because your range is much tighter, and thus protected. Set the rake – 5% to a 0. Most of the bluffs consist of straight draws and weak board pairs. One of the main focuses in Applications is the construction of balanced ranges paired with balanced bet sizes. Look, no solver is going to tell you how to max exploit low-stakes live games. With GTO (game theory optimal) play and solvers being all the rage, it’s important to understand what these ranges actually mean. Use these exploitative charts for small stakes tournament and cash games at a 9-handed table 100bbs deep. 3% to 49. I've been using Jonathan Little's preflop charts. This method might arguably be the most helpful way of doing things. Get The Preflop Advantage now! GTO Preflop 6-Max Cash Game Ranges. Adjust Your Opponent’s Range. As already been pointed out that live games generate way more multi-way pots. However, players make fewer and fewer mistakes as the blinds get. Since it’s browser-based, you can use GTO Wizard without a download on your iOS and Android devices. That size should be 2. Poker strategy changes a lot over time. Various bug fixes & improvements. Once this option is enabled, every hand you play will be saved in the destination folder. RangeConverter provides a risk free way of learning GTO ranges and implementing GTO strategy. For example, if we hold A♠K♦ on T♠6♠3♠, we now make it impossible for our opponents to hold the nut flush– We “block” the nut flush. This fact means that if everyone is playing perfectly, this is the chart to go by. This person is obviously 3betting a much stronger range of hands than a 27/23 LAG with a 3bet of 9. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. The entire book simplifies years of GTO solver work, analysis, and exploration into the macro nuggets and actionable advice. In Poker, blockers refer to the card removal effect of holding a hole card that blocks a relevant portion of your opponent’s range. These bluffs rely on things like unblocking the backdoor flush draws/str8 draws to be good and your micro stakes player either isn't defending vs. 5BB, respectively. Using GTO ranges as a reference, we can expect players to be holding something like this, respectively. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. . Try it for free at solutions • Practice GTO • Analyze hand history -----. 2. GTO 6 Max Cash Charts (ALL Positions) GTO Spin and Go Charts 3 Handed, 2 Handed (1-25BB) Heads Up GTO Charts (1-200BB) Nash Heads Up Charts (1-20BB) Full. The book’s very first chapter, “Myths about GTO”, finds O’Kearney deconstructing many of the arguments anti-GTO players make against the approach. GTO and Range Building. BTN The ultimate seat. Red Chip Poker’s GTO Ranges app attempts to cut through the noise and keep things simple and easy to understand while still giving those who want a. 100% Cloud Calculations. Having the right poker tool is one of the best poker tournament tips. g. I have. From that point of view you can decide if you played your range in a balanced way. Sep 15, 2023. Making Money with GTO Strategy – By: Andrew Brokos. 1. Because of this, you need to be ready to make drastic adjustments to your big blind defending range as your pot odds change from spot to spot. For example BTN 3Bet vs UTG - the UTG 4Bet % is slightly lower in CardrunnersEV (I guess due to removal from villains 3bet range) -. GTOWizard helps you to learn GTO and analyze your game. A typical HJ opening range is between 14% and 22% of hands. App DetailsThe GTO was one of the original and best-known muscle cars of the 1960s and ’70s — modest intermediate-size cars hot-rodded with big V-8s — and as of this. Its objective is to avoid strong. You should look at specific hands, and use your mind to build ranges and predict what is the best strategy. Let’s take a look at one quick example before wrapping up. Your response to a 3-bet should be a fold in 55-60% of cases. 3 Tips for Cash Game Big Blind Defense. Poker range charts like this typically cost hundreds of dollars to buy, but you get them as a free bonus when you sign. The hardware needed to run other solvers can get very expensive ($5k+). 04% – 0. blind vs blind hands) it's possible to calculate game-theory optimal (GTO) shove and calls ranges. Use a betting tree similar to the solution, including the overbets on later streets. The upside of this strategy is how easy it is to execute. Business, Economics, and Finance. These are great complements to our subscriptions for learning GTO strategy offline or for running your own sims in PioSolver. You make the most decisions preflop of any street. a big one I see a lot of in live games are just shitty pre flop strategies like calling early position raises from late position with marginal holdings that are dominated by early ranges such as KJo, QTo and Ace X off suit rags, or not 3 betting early UTG opens. Buy Now Get Started. The ultimate tool to elevate your game. We’ll use ranges from GTO Wizard. 3. What is Leverage in poker?Demonstration of my poker app GTO ranges. This seems a little looser than I expected, but I don't know how to level set what gto vpip/pfr should be. Still, the book is MORE than worth it as it goes through a lot of detail on each of the ranges and explains how they relate to one another. The limped pot contains 3. It was eye-opening to compare ranges quickly and easily, simply by clicking through villain's tightness levels in the exploitative ranges section. 69 = 52%. No. The term GTO poker strategy comes from “game theory optimal,” the full name of the strategy that was invented over the last decade. Benefits of Preflop Guru. This example is BB vs CO (100bb stack, bb ante) Some of the main features: Focuses on the more challenging hands in each situation, saving you time Accessible from anywhere (desktop, mobile, tablet, etc. In summary, I think pure ranges based on GTO is fine unless you’re playing or aiming to play high stakes. With our GTO preflop range shop, this is no longer necessary. . I flick through the app’s opening, 3-bet, and 4-bet. Single Oven Slide-In Electric Range with Self-Cleaning True Convection Oven and Air Fry in Stainless Steel. I found out that according to GTO wizard you should fold TT 59% of the time to a single open raise from UTG+2 from the CO. However, Simple Post Flop is also a popular poker solver we would highly recommend. Developed by K. For I play with people who have an overall 3! Range between like 9-15 at the max. This is much easier pre-flop then post flop, but still very useful. Learn the GTO strategy you need to crush your games. 1. You can drill specific actions like c-betting on the flop or you can play full hands through to the river. . The GTO RFI ranges are a great starting point and should form a solid baseline for formulating our strategy. deriving the required number of value combos : G = bc / C - bc : 7 / 29% - 7 = 18. However, certain aspects of the GTO strategy are known, such as using mixed strategies, balanced ranges, and multiple bet sizes in the same situation with different hands. you can find them at carrotcorner. Here’s BTN’s equity. Where they almost always go much smaller is when 3betting oop. Aug 31, 2020. We've put together the best GTO ranges for every preflop situation in poker and we've optimized the experience for you to be able to access them. $3000 Range Viewer (Bencb’s Personal ICM Adjusted Ranges) $500 GTO Bible $1000 Population Analysis $1500 Poker Report 2023 $250 PKO Videos $500 Reviews & Live-Plays $100 Fighting Tilt $400 Bonus Webinars $1000 Private Discord Group (With Bencb) Value. PioSOLVER, GTO Range Builder, GTO+, MonkerSolver and SimplePostflop are the most popular GTO solvers right now. According to GTO strategy, when action is folded to the button, he should raise 43. GTO Quick Solver. They will see and hear you coming from blocks away in this stunning “Cardinal Red” fully. Very good players can start implementing a mixed strategy with around 50/50 composition of open raises and limps. I am the co-author of Endgame Poker Strategy: The ICM Book, which I wrote with poker pro Dara O’Kearney. Create ranges OPEN, CALL, 3-BET, 4-BET and more! Beautiful Chart overlays lets you see relevant actions in one chart. Practice your tournament poker strategy risk free at stack sizes from 10bb to 200bb deep. So, let’s talk briefly about GTO poker and exploitative ranges and how you can apply both in different scenarios. Gotta type them in. Then and only then should you use GTO wizard to compare your thoughts to the solver. Intuitive interface and full customer support. 1-15. So these are ranges where you have 0% mixed actions for a hand but it is still very close to a balanced GTO strategyThe GTOx dashboard juxtaposes both player's ranges since in GTO, strategies are wholly devised based upon how the ranges stack up against each other relative to the board. It was released in March 2015 and received a major update in mid-2021. It has wider ranges than I use personally, but I definitely err on the nittier side of play. app - The best way to improve your poker game! rangetrainer. New weekly videos; Simplified GTO Ranges; 5-Card PLO Trainer; Member Discord Access; Get Access. He has nearly $1 million in career tournament earnings. However, remember that it is not only the opening ranges you should. After doing a little range work, Uri estimates that Negreanu’s Hijack opening range is somewhere around 26. Creating a GTO open index. New Spin & Go + Ante format available featuring both General and Simple solutions (0. 100bb deep. Set the accuracy to 0. Try not to be afraid of. Because to play poker well you need to understand the logic that made the charts look like they do. Import ranges from other software or other GTO Wizard spots using the import button. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. While GTO ranges will often suggest you peel these small pairs some percentage of the time, there’s a default towards doing so almost 100 percent of the time from some players, particularly if. Players normally fold or raise. A pretty common spot if you grind MMTs. You also never addressed the rake problem, rake at low stakes is anywhere from 5bb-10bb/100. A-K-Q-J-T (all of the same suit) Straight Flush. 40. I decided to check the UTG (or LJ) RFI range, so I calculated the. Grab our easy to read preflop poker charts for free and build a solid poker strategy for your game instantly. 3% to 49. Download GTO Poker Ranges By Red Chip and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. We can look at a spot in the GTO Wizard that highlights this. Little is great for tourneys. Get instant feedback on your play with range charts and frequencies for every spot. . Great for making quick decisions in real-time. 5BB and 97. Or you can definitely. that it enters onto the circular GEO orbit and stays there, shown by the red line in the diagram. Typically, SB would defend less than BB, but let’s just simplify and make both players call with the top quarter of their preflop calling range. info Install About this app arrow_forward Keep our GTO preflop ranges right in your pocket. Eliminate leaks and cut down on autopilot. In this case I’m going to use GTO ranges from SimplePreflopHoldem (calculated using mid-stakes rake), for 4-bet pots BTN vs BB at 100bb stacks. I downloaded the preflop solutions from pio cloud, but theres almost nothing in it. Understanding Blockers. Learn more about the GTO vs. 7. Look at how your table is playing and adjust accordingly. So searched some GTO ranges and will start from there the coming 10 000 hands and see if that can. In a heads-up game, with only two players, one should win more often than not strictly following the. – Completed Aggregated reports for NL50 General. These charts assume your opponents play a GTO strategy, which will rarely be the case. Check out the following video or read below. It’s the GTO range. r/Poker_Theory. 3. RangeTrainer. Top 60%. Our app offers an intuitive and elegant way to browse your ranges. com. MonkerGuy uses poker solver software to simulate GTO preflop ranges for NLH, PLO, MTT, and ICM situations! Get easy to browse MonkerViewer charts, full sims (. It has wider ranges than I use personally, but I definitely err on the nittier side of play. [Preflop & Flop Helper] The next step is to develop a study concept which is probably one of the most important pillars. The preflop GTO charts are not too difficult to learn as there are not too many scenarios that will come up before the flop is dealt. Range builder – create GTO ranges for different scenarios. ICMIZER, for example, is an advanced calculator that can help you find the best end-game solutions for multi. Once you’ve plugged everything into GTO+. Here’s a quick video by SplitSuit. ) Using population ranges. I have subscribed to preflopguru and gtowizard and their solutions appear to be very different. Save yourself from the frustration of doing endless solves with zero idea how to parse the. - Preflop: Master GTO ranges for all situations or customize your own. Built from solvers (GTO) to beat the toughest games. Larger NEXT HAND field for Play Against Solution. $199 $ 156. Solver-generated ranges. Before the poker boom, people generally played too passively. It stands for Game Theory Optimal, and it can be described as a near-perfect way to play no-limit Hold’em. For example, establish that the range of Opponent EP is 22+, Ts +, A2s +, AJo+, KQo +. They are very similar to the ranges on Upswing and Poker Coaching. Bankroll Forecasting. All Range Reg features plus the full Range Viewer app with Aggregated Reports to explore complete preflop and postflop strategy. New Simple solutions feature ultra-high accuracy and fewer postflop sizes. The app also has the fastest and most accurate equity calculator for all streets - Preflop, flop, turn and river. you can find them at carrotcorner. - Hand Ranking: Get quicker at recognizing and ranking poker hands. Key Takeaways. Here you’ll find the range of top-ranking poker hands from the very best, a Royal Flush, to the very worst, High Card. 5 BB raises preflop and 5% rake (capped at 4 BB). A very fast GTO solver for Holdem. This chart is a GTO poker chart for hands to open-raise within a 6-max game. A precise and easy to use visual representation of GTO preflop ranges for 4 and 5 card Pot Limit Omaha. Use solved preflop ranges for the games you play. 1 BBs or he might raise a limper to 3. I am looking for optimal gto ranges for mtts. AKo vs 55) or on a given board. PioSolver. GTO has become a buzzword synonymous with anything from “best possible strategy” to “good,” depending on the user. The thing is, though, in poker, no one is going to play correctly. In this series, we have looked at factors that can influence ranges in otherwise identical scenarios. A game based on GTO, should not assume a random range of the opponent ? That is, in the GTO we work with the possibility that he is making the most crazy moves possible with any type of hand. It seems like the most basic thing ever, yet I can't find that anywhere. Drills – create specific spots and train for that spot, playing against GTO opponents; Coaching videos – watch details explanations and hand breakdowns to learn from the best. I tend to make my UTG opens tighter than HJ recommendations because I'm the first to act. Upload your HHs and instantly see your GTO mistakes. This does imply calling while being behind your opponent range, like for example calling KJo on the button while the BB have TT+ AQ+ half of the time. Joined Nov 5, 2018 Total posts 842 Awards 3 Chips 50 Nov 9, 2019 #1Range analysis in GTO Wizard. ago. $69,995. Make notes of interesting findings. 10 Tips to Win Rating Points Faster! NOTE 1: SB range accounts for only when the Small Blind is playing a “Raise First-In” (RFI) strategy. The starting ranges and bet sizing can be based on population ranges from the games you play or GTO ranges, or ranges from your favorite preflop charts — it’s entirely up to you. Simplified GTO Ranges; 5-Card PLO Trainer; Member Discord Access; Get Access. . Clear the Charts is a GTO trainer that helps you memorize how to play every hand in your range from every position at every major stack size. Plus exclusive access to premium poker sims. GTO strategy involves taking advantage of this to put pressure on your opponent. This pack has 50 GTO ranges total. Get started for free. If your opponents play too tightly or too loosely, you should make significant adjustments to. - Odds: Learn to calculate odds easily to make profitable plays. ago. 87% GTO opening range for a 2. The software that is comparing your game with the aforementioned strategies, gives you GTO. Categories can be more precise. See full list on redchippoker. GTO Ranges. February 15, 2023. Without the. Population does generally use the same sizing as wizard when 3betting ip (7. This formula didn’t punish inaccurate play and rewarded low-risk behaviour. The GTO call-shove range is 31% for the big blind, so he should fold 69% of the time. PokerCruncher is a hand ranges equity calculator that can be downloaded from the Mac, iOS, and Android app stores. This is the tool I developed in Excel with all the GTO ranges from GTO wizard and the different frequencies on certain flop board textures. Start fixing your leaks within minutes. 25% Off All From the Ground Up Courses. Everyone in my main pools are very value heavy by the river. 1. Use solved preflop ranges for the games you play. 2. This means they are balanced between strong and. There are also new hands like KTo, K7s, and K6s that are being added to the range. He might GTO-open to 2. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. The trees were destructively sampled within the net volume adjustment factor. Receive instant feedback and statistics on your play with poker. The bigger a player’s leaks and flaws are, the more you. Without this knowledge, you will struggle to keep up with more experienced players. They are based on GTO (Game Theory Optimal) ranges for 6-max cash games with stack size 100 BB, 2. It’s important to remember that these ranges are based purely on GTO, and most players will not play anything close to these ranges in-game. But that's a weakness of existing solvers. GTO and Exploitative Poker Ranges – Which Is. With an equity calculator, you can discover how much equity a hand (or a range of hands) has against another hand (or range of hands). Here is an 82. This style of poker is the exact opposite of the. 28. #10. Download them at Upswingpoker. Eliminate your leaks with hand history analysis. 2. The Preflop Advantage contains 362 GTO preflop ranges for 6-max cash games. GTO ranges assume perfect postflop play, for example a good CO RFI range will have you open at least K3s+ in a default situation, but this open is close to 0EV. Learning these MTT preflop charts and using the knowledge in game gives you a competitive edge at the table. LEFT RANGE: A typical opening range from EP in a 9-max tournament. Price. Strategy Sunburst The strategy sunburst shows the frequencies of the possible actions at the current node for the entire range, as well as the actions available at prior. Flopzilla is a range calculator. Simply select the players involved in the action to quickly visualize the solutions. percieve my range in villains eyes (if hes not a level 1 thinker) 4. Use a betting tree similar to the solution, including the overbets on later streets. 9. 0%. The thing is, though, in poker, no one is going to play correctly. However if you're playing for real money at any realistic poker game, a GTO player will make more than you because its baseline winrate is so incredibly high. Hello, I'm looking for GTO preflop ranges in basically every situation (for instance SB limp, BB raise, SB ?, etc). Other bugfixes and changes. Playing a GTO strategy, sometimes you call off a small blind shove with queen-ten offsuit, but sometimes you fold in the exact same spot. Preflopguru are suggesting a much tighter defense folding 38% calling with some AJo. – Significant speed improvements for the Practice mode and HH Analyzer. Sharpen your skills with practice mode. An offsuit 7 is the worst, as BB has more 7x in their range. 5 BB open. Our 4-bet size should put the 3-bettor in a marginal spot with most of his hands, forcing him to call with a decent portion of his 3-betting range. As previously mentioned, hand selection and range construction are the first key components to developing a strong RFI strategy. The moment someone opens 4bb UTG the entire preflop strategy changes. The same applies to a completely contrasting scenario. )Small Blind (SB): The player who posted the small blind before the flop sits to the left of the BTN. Everything you need to know about ranges. We offer GTO preflop solutions for No Limit Holdem. STEP 1. Save your custom ranges for future use. At least with GTO ranges you can use cloud based sites and follow along with your own range, even if your opponent's range is way off because of how population plays. Furthermore, the more people there are left to act, the more likely someone can call or 3-bet with a strong value. A condensed (sometimes called depolarized) structure refers to a range that has many medium hands, with few nutted hands and few weak hands. The limped pot contains 3. Deeper stacked or cash, use Red Chip or GTOWizard as they are the only solved ranges for live play. While GTO preflop ranges might look confusing at first with all the mixing, they are based on LOGIC and MATH and that is extremely important. We have "implementable" GTO charts where instead of mixing frequencies and raising 50% of the time with KJs and 50% of the time with KTs, we might say raise KJs 100% of the time and raise KTs 0% of the time. Download Advanced PLO Preflop Charts Now. Start fixing your leaks within minutes. While there is just one membership type, you can choose from three different options: monthly, quarterly, and yearly. I saw him briefly mention in a video that because GTO assumes everyone at the table is playing 100%. The data comprise 1737 trees from 28 management units throughout British Columbia (BC), Canada. (check the MP article) That for sure is not GTO, but it doesn't look like exploitative play either. Push/fold should be utilized when your stack becomes short — around 15 big blinds (bb) or fewer. Here’s BTN’s equity. The range shows how spread out the values in a series are. Save money. Subscribers get a 50% discount on all. Samsung 6. Progressive Knockout Tournament Strategy – Your 2022 PKO Guide. The pack includes GTO- BB call range BB 3-bet range RFI call 3-bet range RFI 4-bet range BB call 4-bet range BB 5-bet. CryptoA linear range is a one that contains strong, medium-strength and weak hands.