Kcas aviation. The. Kcas aviation

 
 TheKcas aviation  However, we have based our knots calculator on the international nautical mile which is commonly used thoughout the world today

Visit for more information about the. KCAC Aviation is your full-service business aviation partner and authorized provider of new Pilatus and Piper aircraft, quality pre-owned aircraft, charter, aircraft management, maintenance, and avionics. News by Topic;. There are 4 related meanings of the KCAS Aviation abbreviation . Total up the minutes flying + the fuel reserve = 137 minutes. Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed: Extension: 182 KCAS, 182 KIAS or. 327, Sport pilots must have a logbook endorsement, either above 87 KCAS Vh, or below 87 KCAS Vh to operate a LSA (Vh is full power level flight at standard conditions which divides the high-speed low drag aircraft from the low speed, high drag, low mass aircraft which have different flying characteristics). Commander claims a 75-percent cruise of 160 knots, about 10 knots faster than the original 114s would fly. With its high-wing design and durable airframe, this celebrated piston aircraft delivers a level of performance perfect for the next level of pilot. At low altitudes, the speed of sound is high so an aircraft is most limited by indicated airspeed (IAS). The last year of Apache production was 1965, for the Aztec had stolen its thunder. The IAS is typically used for low speeds and low altitudes. kw For your comments & Feedback, please fill the. KCAS knots calibrated airspeed Kg kilogram(s) KIAS knots indicated airspeed km kilometr(s) kt / knots nautical miles per hour KTAS knots true airspeed L LA linear accelerometer lb pound weight LCC low. LAA Local. 75 . Based in Maryland, Julie is an editor, aviation educator, and author. 若是在高速、高海拔的條件下,校準空速還需要修正由於空氣可壓縮性. Adding 30 more horses to the proven design immediately won the attention (and affection) of charter operators needing additional power for floatplanes, high-altitude flight. Email them below. 100 (Formerly 100/130) Grade Aviation Fuel (Green). Flight Envelope The flight envelope is defined in the applicable approved. Click here to find more. 6 m/s (133 knots) despite the fact that you are moving with 75 m/s (146 knots) with respect to the air. Something went wrong. O. « Back to Glossary Index. Army, Military, Marine. With simplistic flight characteristics, great visibility and a sophisticated glass cockpit outfitted with GARMIN G1000 avionics, the Cessna Skyhawk piston boasts a slow landing speed and a. Aviation House, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, P. G6 SR20 Premium Perspective+ with Carbon Appearance. CenTex Aerospace, Inc. The list of abbreviations related to. equivalent Service Bulletin n. Flight Instruction. Design Maneuvering Speed (VA) - Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed. Azur Air. The KCAS meaning is "Calibrated Airspeed". 82 is. H342 IRA (Refer to figure 32. 1. 01/02/1990. VEAS = √2qc ρ0 = √2 ⋅ 2879. KCAS Armed Forces Abbreviation. 500 ft 230 KCAS VA (Manoeuvring speed) 163 KCAS VFE (Max flaps extended speed) Landing configuration 180 KCAS Approach configuration 200 KCAS Takeoff configuration 200 KCAS VMCA (air min control speed) 90 KCAS VLO (max landing gear operating speed) 180 KCAS VLE (max landing gear extended speed) 180 KCAS 11. Indicated Airspeed in Knots (KIAS): Airspeed as indicated by the airspeed indicator. Landing configuration 180 KCAS Approach configuration 200 KCAS Takeoff configuration 200 KCAS VMCA (air min control speed) 90 KCAS. Viking Air Ltd. At 2900 lbs. 1. Am I missing something? A typical RV-10 with full flaps would be close. Units. 423-236-5100 | info@flycrystalair. Cessna intended the aircraft to replace aging fleets of Beech 18s, Beavers, Otters, and other utility cargo-haulers. The powerful, efficient, dependable 675-horsepower PT6A-114A turbine engine gives the. An example Cessna 182 > D model has a clean stall speed of 54 KCAS when CG is most rearward and 56 when most forward. Proudly producing and maintaining exceptional Canadian aircraft. ) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +8 °C? A) 154 KCAS. “simple airplane” is defined as a Level 1 airplane that has a V C or V MO ≤ 250 KCAS (and M MO ≤ 0. KCAS Army Abbreviation. “The airplane was available in four different versions: Standard, Trainer, Commuter, and Patroller. These include aircraft sales support, conversion training, aircraft maintenance, CAMO services, interiors, painting, bespoke aircraft modifications & STC’s. All performance figures are based on standard day, standard atmosphere, sea level, gross. General Aviation: All civil aviation aircraft operations with the exception of commercial operations. KTAS is the abbreviation for true airspeed, in knots. Interested parties may contact Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) through the following contact details: Phone: 92-22-9260323 or 92-21-99071111. We provide a poll of licensed aircraft engineer,aircraft technicians and aircraft. Steps of Engineering Method. There are 4 related meanings of the KCAS Aviation abbreviation . 195 KCAS : 195 KCAS : 203 KCAS : Max. 4. Activities and Societies: Rotary IATA Training Various Fields of Training e. Flaps Extended Speed: 140 KCAS, 148 KIAS or 161 MPH CAS (fully down flaps). At First Team Pilot Training, we believe flight training should be fun and efficient. 74 kcas (137 km/h) Powerplant. There have historically been different nautical miles used and, thus, different variations of knots. Airspace Chapter 4. INT Aviation Abbreviation. Is the interpretation of "54 knots CAS at the aircraft’s maximum certificated takeoff weight and most critical center of gravity" subjective? (1) A maximum stalling. Louisville Aviation Bowman Field (KLOU) 2700 Gast Blvd Louisville – KY 40205. A meeting was called at the company's Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, executive offices in the fall of 1960, or maybe it was early 1961, to see about a trainer as a temporary fill-in. At low speed, near the stall, 40 KIAS (the low end of the white arc) and 48 KCAS (Vs0 in the POH) refer to the same actual speed. KIAS is, as you mentioned, what's indicated on the gauge. KIAS is used for most tasks in the cockpit since it is easily referenced and shown clearly on the instrument. It can accommodate the speed and altitude requirements of both fixed and rotary wing aircraft flying at speeds from 120 KCAS to 300 KCAS from 2,000ft to 32,000ft. 9 KCAS. Models. 121 KCAS : 121 KCAS : Stall Speed Clean : 57 KCAS : 55 KCAS : Stall Speed Landing Configuration : 48 KCAS : 47 KCAS : Climb Best Rate : 820 FPM. While there is a limited divergence (0 to 2%) between CAS and IAS at medium and high speed, this difference can be as much as 20% at low speed, when the aircraft pitch is large. The Cessna 177B Cardinal is a fan favorite for its sleek looks, improved visibility, and bigger cockpit space than the 172. News by Topic;. Structural Cruising Speed : 161 KCAS : 165 Knots : 165 KCAS : Stall Speed Clean : 62 Knots : 64 Knots : 62. Airline and. Consider KTAS as the speed a plane would be going on the ground, while IAS offers a more accurate measurement in the air. View News & Media . 720. KTAS. The 150 is an all-metal, tricycle-gear airplane introduced by Cessna Aircraft Company in 1959. 1. Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. Cessna 177 Cardinal. GPS Global Positioning System. Your airspeed indicator (assuming no errors) will read only 68. Crossing the threshold at or below 1. Kcas Clinical Laboratory Laboratory Services in KS . The Cessna 185 first appeared in 1961 as an evolutionary follow-on to the popular 180. Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. Set range of airspeeds and convert to KCAS using convvel and correctairspeed: TAS = (70:200)';. 98 KCAS T. Aircraft, Aerospace, Aviation. KEAS. S. The KCAS Bioanalytical & Biomarker Services team will be at the upcoming 16th #EuropeanBioanalysisForum Open Symposium being held in. News by Topic;. Likewise, Daniel and Bonnie Williams, owners of a 1994 114B, flight plan about 150 KTAS on 65-percent power and about 12 gph. +254 728 606 570, +254 709 725000, +254 728 606 586, +254 734 000 491, +254 734 000492. Va (Maneuvering Speed)Headquarters Regions Southern US. In some applications, notably British usage, the expression rectified airspeed is used instead of calibrated airspeed. 92” Hg As Pressure Increases every 0. The meaning of KCAS is Calibrated Airspeed and other meanings are located at the bottom which take place within Aviation terminology and KCAS has 5 different meaning. 校準空速 ( Calibrated Air Speed )也稱為 校正空速 ,為一航空術語,是在修正儀表誤差及位置误差後,在 空速表 (英语:airspeed indicator) 上顯示的 空速 ,其缩写形式为 (CAS),用符号Vc表示。. Suggest. Press Tender action will be initiated in this regard. This advisory circular (AC) alerts pilots transitioning from aircraft with less performanceAn aneroid instrument, the airspeed indicator measures the dynamic pressure of the outside air entering a pitot tube. Legal Name CenTex Aerospace, Inc. While the aircraft is not being blown in any direction by wind, and in level flight, the true. At 40,000 feet, where the temperature is –55 °C, the speed of sound decreases to 574 knots. Aviation, Aerospace, Aircraft. What does KCAS. Advanced Technology. +254 020 6827470-5. : 167 KIAS (168 KCAS) The following values apply when EASA Major Change Approval n. Tecnam MOD2006/015 is installed (Other Air Speeds remain unchanged): Design Maneuvering Speed V A: 122 KIAS (119KCAS) Flap Extended Speed V FE: 93 KIAS (93 KCAS) LND. Aviation, Technology, Engineering. Pressure. In actual practice, the actual speed at which the wing will stall can vary depending on weight, CG location, a myriad of other things like air density, temperature, bank angle, and the difference between CAS and IAS for the pitot tube. About KCAC Aviation. At Jeff Air, we know that a well-rounded training experience is essential for becoming a successful pilot, so we also provide ground school classes that cover a range of topics from weather and navigation. 3 V S means that the typical general aviation airplane experiences increasing drag, not decreasing drag, during the roundout and landing flare. Thats the quick formula for true airspeed. KIAS means “knots of indicated airspeed. 216 KCAS : 216 KCAS : 216 KCAS : Max. 35(a)(1), 61. What is KCA aviation? Calibrated airspeed in knots is usually abbreviated as KCAS, while indicated airspeed is abbreviated as KIAS. 1980 PA-31-310T. Transit check and Certification. Although KCAS continues to grow, an. The “V” is from the French word ‘Vitesse’ which means ‘speed’ or ‘rate’. Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. The. Kcas In Aviation. What does KCAS stand for in Warfare? Get the top KCAS abbreviation related to Warfare. Technology, Aviation, Engineering. M500; M350; Archer® LX; Archer® DLX;. 12. President of Directorate General of Civil Aviation Sheikh/ Abdullah Al-Ali Al-Sabah affirmed today, Tuesday, the aspiration of Civil Aviation to expand the operational network of Kuwait International Airport and link it with the largest possible number of airports around the world. Landing Gear and Brakes System Description: Landing gear is fixed in the tricycle configuration with a steerable nosewheel. Kcas Meaning In Aviation. Select best alternatives. Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed: Extension: 182 KCAS, 182 KIAS or. What is Knots Calibrated Airspeed (KCAS)? 3. Glass Cockpit: Electronic,. 82 always equaled a KCAS less than 306 KCAS and, thus, became the operating limit as you could not reach the V MO limit without first reaching the M MO limit. Carrie received a Bachelor of Science degree from University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a. Life Sciences Companies in the Kansas City area. This formula is just based on the fact that the speed of sound in air is proportional to the square-root of the temperature. where a0 a 0 is the speed of sound at ground level ( a0 ≈ 661kt a 0 ≈ 661 k t) and T0 = 288. What is KCA aviation? Calibrated airspeed in knots is usually abbreviated as KCAS, while indicated airspeed is abbreviated as KIAS. ADVANCED AVIONICS. 56 kts. 8 years. H342 IRA (Refer to the FD excerpt below, and use the wind entry closest to the flight planned altitude. /U. Join the vibrant aviation community: Attend showcases, connect with fellow enthusiasts, participate in fly-ins, and immerse yourself in aviation events!. The economy is strong, gas is cheap, and a surfeit of pilots from World War II and the Korean War are finding happiness in peacetime skies and teaching their friends and family to fly in record. 32 OAT = -10 deg C First – Find Pressure Altitude We Could Use 6,500' But to be Precise Recall Pressure Altitude is Referenced at 29. 33 Innovative Driven $60,000 jobs available in Fontana, KS on Indeed. Technology, Aviation, Aircraft. JKUAT, KCA, UON, Kenyatta University, Zetech, Technical University of Kenya, Pan-African Christian University. KCAS Armed Forces Abbreviation. Join the vibrant aviation community: Attend showcases, connect with fellow enthusiasts, participate in fly-ins, and immerse yourself in aviation events!. Knots True Airspeed (KTAS) is different than indicated airspeed. what CAS must be used to maintain a TAS of 155 kt. Also note that the King Air C90GTx is referred to as the King Air C90GTi by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) because the C90GTx is just an improved version of the C90GTi. Manufacturer Textron Aviation Inc. US Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 23, §23. 1-3 . Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. This unit is typically used in maritime and aviation. KCAS Army Abbreviation. Military aviation forum since 2003, with high quality discussion focusing on the F-16, F-35 and F-22 jet fighters and the C-130. Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. Try again. Find 137 on the B scale—directly across from it on the A. Advisory . Pinnacle of Piston Aircraft Ownership. ke. GARMIN G1000 NXi avionics with enhanced graphics, split-screen capability, faster hardware and new features. The speed changes based on air pressure, temperature, and weather. Lafayette Aviation Inc. What is KCAS. In some applications, notably British usage, the expression rectified airspeed is used instead of calibrated airspeed. V LO (Landing Gear Operation Speed) (VLO). Above this altitude, an M MO of 0. This unit is typically used in maritime and aviation. DME. Share. Kcas Clinical Laboratory has not posted any Certifications, Accreditations or Licenses at this time. Get the top KCAS abbreviation related to Armed Forces. Use equivalent airspeed to calculate true airspeed. 514. True airspeed takes these instrument readings and corrects them for air density. 16/12/2021. KTAS, on the other hand, refers to an aircraft’s airspeed in relation to the air it is traveling through. 514 m/s). I owned one for several years, flying it well over 1,000 hours, and while. FlowMetric has more than 40 employees. Universities: July 2023 Edition 2023. Kcas Meaning In Aviation; What Is Kcas In Aviation; Kcas Aviation Meaning; Knots Indicated Airspeed; Kcas Vs Kias; This information is added by users of ASN. We're proud to be a gold sponsor of the 2019 Southwest Airlines Fuel Summit, Nov. Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61. SECTION 1 GENERAL CESSNA CESSNA MODEL 172N MODEL 172N SECTION 1 GENERAL. With over 30 years of combined experience as FAA Certification specialists, CenTex Aerospace has developed a line of increased gross weight and Saddle […] Speed is probably one of the most misunderstood concepts in aviation because of the confusion over its many forms. Note however, that you have to do the math on the. Age. " The basic structure is all metal, with a strut-brace high wing, tricycle landing gear, and a single 3,500-hour TBO Pratt & Whitney PT6-114 engine flat-rated at 600 shp. obs: 1,625 ft. Flaps 0. Airspeed is commonly given in knots (kn). KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services. Chapter 1. 음속 을 돌파한 것은 아니고 제트기류를 타고 날아가기 때문에 지상속도가. GARMIN G1000 NXi avionics with enhanced graphics, split-screen capability, faster hardware and new features. KCAS. MCAS Miramar Official Website. (KCAS) an IRS approved 501c3, supports aviation-focused STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) educational programs for school-age children in the Kansas City area. The CESSNA Turbo SKYLANE piston packs enough muscle to climb 1,040 ft per minute to a maximum cruising altitude of 20,000 ft, and then maintain its full 235 hp. Max Aviation Inc. KCAS makes it so you will never again have to keep track of your skill gains to insure optimal character progression. errors in airspeed measurement are negligible and KCAS is approximately equal to. O. As long as no external air forces are present, the true. About SpaceWorks Software. The cabin of these airplanes started more than 20 years ago with the Cherokee Six. The U. We provide a poll of licensed aircraft engineer,aircraft technicians and aircraft. info@kcaa. Compressibility errors are significant (3-30 knots) above 10,000' and above 200. Tecnam MOD2006/015 is installed (Other Air Speeds remain unchanged): Design Maneuvering Speed V A: 122 KIAS (119KCAS) Flap Extended Speed V FE: 93 KIAS (93 KCAS) LND 122 KIAS (119 KCAS) TO The “V” is from the French word ‘Vitesse’ which means ‘speed’ or ‘rate’. Ground speed is simply the sum of airspeed and wind speed. Immerse yourself in a world of aviation insights: Explore in-depth articles, watch engaging videos, listen to enlightening podcasts, and join informative webinars. The meaning of KCAS is Calibrated Airspeed and other meanings are located at the bottom which take place within Aviation terminology and KCAS has 5 different meaning. Book Now at Qwetu. The true airspeed (TAS) equals. This formula is just based on the fact that the speed of sound in air is proportional to the square-root of the temperature. or. Some 2,047 Apaches were built over the years. The airspeed indicator (ASI) or airspeed gauge is a flight instrument indicating the airspeed of an aircraft in kilometers per hour (km/h), knots (kn), miles per hour (MPH) and/or meters per second (m/s). Turboprops. The agency maintains its headquarters in the. Carrie Vyhlidal is a Senior Scientist at KCAS based in Shawnee, Kansas. Our pilot programs are built on thirty years of aviation experience, combining best practices from civilian and military flight training. All specifications are based on. Entries where "KCAS" occurs: KIAS: see also KIAs‎ KIAS (English) Noun (aviation) Coordinate terms KCAS KEAS KTAS. Analytical Bioservices Inc. Calculate True Airspeed Given Indicated Altitude, Altimeter Setting, Temperature, and Indicated/Calibrated Airspeed. Speed is probably one of the most misunderstood concepts in aviation because of the confusion over its many forms. Suggest KCAS Exploration Abbreviation. (KCAS) an IRS approved 501c3, supports aviation-focused STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) educational programs for school-age children in the Kansas City area. The measurement is calculated using the speed of the airplane charter relative to the airmass that it flies through. Assume that there are no compressibility issues and the NACA wind tunnel data in Appendix D is accurate for a finite wing. [email protected]. what CAS must be used to maintain a TAS of 155 kt. News by Topic;. At 200 KCAS at 8,000 feet, the airplane trues at 225 (old method) and 222 (new). KCAS. Stall speed with flaps: 60 KCAS Max cruise speed: 183 KTAS Landing groundroll: 1,178 ft (359 m). 100KTS its sea level - 110 KTS at 10000 feet TAS increases 2% per thousand feet for any given IAS. Scientists and Engineers refer to Airspeeds as ‘V’ Speeds. Because of compressibility, the measured IAT (indicated air temperature) is higher than the actual true OAT. KCAS Meaning. V SO. CAS has two primary applications in aviation: for navigation, CAS is traditionally calculated as one of the steps between indicated airspeed (IAS) and true airspeed (TAS); for aircraft control, CAS is one of the primary reference points, as it describes the dynamic pressure acting on aircraft surfaces regardless of the existing conditions of. KIAS vs KCAS vs KTAS. ke. Snorri Gudmundsson BScAE, MScAE, Ph. Our all-new FAA approved Basic Aviation Training Device (BATD) is in-house and ready to use! Includes Garmin Perspective +avionics, and a commercial. 82, the square root of that is 0. KCAS: Knots calibrated airspeed. 327; Recreational Pilot Endorsements. Lab Testing; Lab Services; Lab Products; Lab Business & Legal; Industries Advanced Technology; Aerospace and Aviation; Automotive and Vehicle; Agriculture and Farming; Apparel and Footwear; Biotechnology; Chemicals. Knots Calibrated Airspeed. Get the top KCAS abbreviation related to Aircraft Systems. 10037759 “Increment of the maximum take-off weight (1230 Kg)” as per . Administration . Vmo (maximum operating speed) Sea level to 30,500 feet (FL305): 263 KIAS (260 KCAS). What is KCAS meaning in Aircraft Systems? 1 meaning of KCAS abbreviation related to Aircraft Systems:. This exclusive 2022 Shelby Super Snake Wide Body is part of KC Aviation Stem’s “Wings of Pride” Series, which raises funds for charities focused on children. Submit Lab Requests Register | Login. KCAS. Join the vibrant aviation community: Attend showcases, connect with fellow enthusiasts, participate in fly-ins, and immerse yourself in aviation events!. Aviation, Aircraft, Aerospace. Cockpit appointments were the major difference between the Standard and the Trainer. Whilst our core business is the fulfilment of specialist turnkey aviation solutions, we also provide a number of other offerings. Also, assume that a Cessna is equipped with a NACA 2412 Wing. ke. Don't get too dependent on those GPS's. Kcas. Max cruise range/endurance:. Improve this answer. Air Traffic Control Chapter 5. Federal Aviation Administration. ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY V NE BHP Manuevering Speed is the. 913. Does the above proposed rule clearly indicate in this scenario if this particular. Collect data. +254 020 6827470-5. The KCAS abbreviation has 20 different full form. 86 M VLE = 270 KCAS/. Through the production of aviation educational experiences and various assorted fundraisers, funds generated are used by KCAS for the education and. At sea level, and an atmospheric pressure of 1013. Because there are errors in the indicated airspeed, each manufacturer is required to measure airspeed and then provides data of indicated vs calibrated airspeed data. ATC. Knowledge and skills q Knowledge of relevant ICAO standards and national requirements applicable to training institutions. category. Structural Cruising Speed : 161 KCAS : 165 Knots : 165 KCAS : Stall Speed Clean : 62 Knots : 64 Knots : 62. The plots are used to verify the best glide calculations. The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), also known as the Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is an airborne system designed to increase cockpit awareness of nearby aircraft and service as a last defense against mid-air collisions. KCAS for calibrated airspeed and KTAS for true airspeed ). All performance figures are based on standard day, standard atmosphere, sea level, gross. com. Pilots use knots true airspeed to calculate flight plans, fuel costs and needs, and navigation. I found a lot of rules of thumb. Contact KCAC’s General Manager, Tony Mateer, at 913-324-1205 or via email or Contact Piper Sales Director, Dave Dewalt, at 816-863-8600 or via email to learn more about KCAC’s Aircraft Management Program. KC AVIATION SERVICES. A new breath of life has invigorated the piston twin airplane market in the last couple of years, with new models from Tecnam (the P2012) joining the P2006T, and the Diamond. Indicated airspeed (IAS) measures speed along with changes in pressure. . Analyze, monitor, and recording physiologic data during sleep and wakefulness. 3 = 55. All meanings which belong to KCAS abbreviation are take part only within Aviation terminology and other meanings are not found. 2 on the A scale. To find our Mach, we go down vertically to point "C" to obtain 0. It is also one of the busiest GA airports in the State of Montana because it lies in the middle of some of the greatest recreation facilities in the United States. Join the vibrant aviation community: Attend showcases, connect with fellow enthusiasts, participate in fly-ins, and immerse yourself in aviation events!. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar is located in Miramar, San Diego and is home to the 3rd Marine Aircraft. View News & Media . THIS NOTICE IS ISSUED WITH EFFECT FROM 9th May 2023. CenTex Aerospace, Inc. Date: 3/29/13: Initiated by: AFS-800 . What is Knots True Airspeed (KTAS)? Summary and Conclusion Airspeed Calculator Calibrated Airspeed Equivalent Airspeed Indicated Airspeed Mach Number True Airspeed Convert between Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), Equivalent Airspeed (EAS), True Airspeed (TAS) and Mach number (M) using the tool below.