As mentioned before, the standard gain horn antenna has an approximate 15 dB gain with a 30 degree beamwidth. 75 λλλλ. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. The proposed antenna operates within 1-2 GHz (L-band). The Antenna Near Field ,Far Field Distance Calculator will calculate the distance of the three main EM (electromagnetic) fields which surround an antenna, as well as estimate the wavelength of the antenna at a given frequency. Fig. As mentioned before, the standard gain horn antenna has an approximate 15 dB gain with a 30 degree beamwidth. ant = hornConical creates a conical horn antenna with dimensions for an operating frequency of 7. We present to your attention the modern BiQuad antenna calculator. Near Field Feed Model. For example, hornPotter ('ConeHeight',0. The double ridge guide horn antennas are an excellent choice where broadband coverage is required, these antennas cover 170 MHz up to 40 GHz. Modern BiQuad antenna online calculator. Enter your desired frequency (MHz) of operation (i. RF & Microwave Calculators Advertisement. (HFSS+MAA)-antenna models can be downloaded from our website. The horn antenna is known for its wide bandwidth, high gain, and low sidelobe levels. By. 5. Specify metal properties and dielectric substrates to estimate losses and efficiency. 5~6GHz with the software named Ansoft HFSS, which is mainly used for far-field antenna measurement system. Note 688) Yagi Uda Antenna Designer (Rothammel/DL6WU) Filter Designer (Audio, AF) Lowpass Filters. V/m to dBµV/m Calculator (50 Ohm Environment) Volts to dBm Calculator. Antenna Gain equation can be expressed as follows. . This frequency to wavelength calculator is especially useful for the calculation of the element length of the dipole antennas. These antennas offer. antenna-design cadfeko Updated Apr 6, 2021; LightningStalker. The regions depend on the maximum linear dimension of the antenna and the wavelength. How to buy Contact Us @ 2023 TekBox Digital Solutions Saigon Hi-Tech Park, Factory 4, 4F, Lot I-3B-1, N6 Street, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | tel +84 287 1099865 | E-mail office@tekbox. 48 g. STI21-0002. / Similar Products. Toggle navigation. Visit Pasternack's Waveguides page for product details. Line of Sight Calculator. Horn Antenna Calculator : This horn antenna calculator takes operating frequency of horn, flared flange narrow and broad dimensions as inputs. Parabolic Reflector Calculator. The author’s 3D model is created by the method of solid modeling following the steps and by the tools in Table 3 using software for engineering modeling Autodesk 123D Design, with the dimensions generated in the Horn Antenna Calculator at 8 GHz simulated and visualized using a “macros” 3D model in CST Studio. Horn Antennas Product. They are usually used in conjunction with waveguide feeds and direct radio waves in a narrow beam. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can. This paper will present a novel wide-band double-ridged standard horn antenna at 0. This tool that will calculate the near-field and far-field distances based on the antenna dimension and wavelength. dBm to Watt converter Stripline Impedance calculator Microstrip. 72 2 ( /2) ( ') 2 1 max ' /2 π ρ φ δ k b k y y b Since 4 ρ λ 6λ 56 . . A coil-shortened vertical antenna is designed with a coil in the radiating element, allowing it to be physically shorter than a quarter-wavelength at its operating frequency. 58 GHz. Note: when using coax for antenna elements it is. The S11 curve for a simple SIW H-plane horn antenna represents narrow bandwidth at frequencies of 27. com | This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Pyramidal horn antenna This chapter starts with a short explanation of the two different types of horn antennas. This paper describes a wide-angle corrugated horn and circularly polarized feed system for use in reflector antennas. ) 1 Rectangular Horn Antennas Horn antennas are popular in the microwave bands (above 1 GHz). ix list of figures. The Formula of Horn Antenna Length Calculator Before we dive into the calculator's usage, it's essential to understand the underlying formula: L = (3 x 10^8 m/s. GTEM Calculator; Search Website. 5, while for dual mode it should be between 2. You need to add the antenna gains into the. RF SPIN. 998 × 10 8) G = Antenna gain (Linear value) The effective antenna aperture can be. These antennas direct the beam towards the reflector. . The algorithm. 14. a (Waveguide width): :The relation between antenna gain and its effective area for different types of antenna such as dipole antenna,horn antenna, parabolic antenna is described below in the table. Tags: Standard Horn. The antenna should be able to transmit moderate to high power, which precludes the use of absorber. 24 GHz Edge-Fed Vilvaldi Antenna on RT5880; Horn Antenna. The Antenna Near Field & Far Field Distance Calculator will calculate the distance of the three main EM (electromagnetic) fields which surround an antenna, as well as estimate the wavelength of the antenna at a given frequency. 5 dBi or 9000000, working frequency 5. It provides directional gain and. Frequency to Wavelength. , add new boxes if necessary, select the resistance unit in milliohms (mΩ), ohms (Ω), kilohms (kΩ) or megohms (MΩ) and click or tap the Calculate button. Helical Antenna Design Calculator. 5 GHz, Diameter = 3. With the telescope mounted on a rooftop, meridian transit observations of the galaxy were made. The energy of the beam when slowly transform into radiation, the losses are reduced and the focussing of the beam improves. It often features additional elements or modifications that optimize its ability to transmit and receive signals, making it particularly effective for long-distance communications in amateur radio and. GPHA is used to improve radiation efficiency of a horn antenna because, it provides a smoother transition from the waveguide to the aperture which further improves matching between the antenna and. The regions depend on the maximum linear dimension of the antenna and the wavelength. Applying selected criteria, the case of the E-plane horn antenna was used to evaluate this technique. 18 GHz to 40 GHz. More details for DRH370 can be seen below. 1-0. Hi everyone !!! Here I have shown some basic steps for designing a horn antenna using HFSS. The horn object is a pyramidal horn antenna with a standard-gain, 15 dBi. This calculator is useful for calculating the required antenna element length of a dipole or rod antenna for the frequency of interest. A voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of below 2:1 is required with. (The method I'm following is proposed by Leandro de Paula Santos Pereira and Marco Antonio Brasil Terada in New Method for. The calculation is based on two ANSYS HFSS antenna models. The calculator calculates antenna gain and antenna beamwidth both horizontal and vertical. More products. 2. 52 MHz will result in only 46W of actual power at the antenna. This horn calculator is developed by the Etheraudio with invaluable assistance of Bulgarian Audiophile Society enthusiasts and some theoretical materials published in the Internet. Frequency and Wavelength Calculation. This dipole antenna calculator determines the size of a simple dipole antenna for a given frequency and the dipole wire diameter. 1 Beamwidth, 341 7-1. Thus, the procedure can be deemed. The antenna pattern is optimized by modification of the antenna structure. [1] Half-power beamwidth: 80 deg x 360 deg. With this model, linear approximations give a reasonable estimate of the gain and radiation pattern using simple trigonometric functions, thereby allowing a hand calculator to replace the computer. 38e-3) creates a ridged horn antenna object with a flare. 3 to 4. From the broadband characteristics of the ridge waveguide, the ridge structure is added to the waveguidePD9JS - RF Antenna calculators for various antenna types. A Feed Horn is basically a horn antenna that lies between the transceiver and the antenna reflector in a satellite dish system. Operating. 2023-04-04 09:19. 48 g. 8 GHz. Enter the Wavelength, Number of Turns and the space between each coil to calculate the Antenna Gain, wire diameter, Half Power Beam Width, Beam Width First Nulls and Effective Apperature. Like ridge horn antennas, they have high gain due to their tapered slot design. Despite the fact that the antenna has a slightly lower gain than 4xQuados, its making is simpler and every who makes Bi-Quad antenna will always have a desire to add two extra squares to it. This helps in transfer of energy from transmitter module to antenna. Absolute Converter. Useful converters and calculators. 6 is 3D radiation pattern in some frequencies and the antenna has similar gain in observed frequencies. The Vivaldi antenna was first discussed in a 1979 IEEE European Microwave. Example 1: Calculate the power density for a given antenna transmitting 100 Watts with a gain of 10 at a distance of 100 feet. Enter resistances into the boxes R 1, R 2, etc. For applications in WISP networks, a horn like this can be considered an antenna with zero side lobes. . Interpretation is difficult for me. Here, Ka-band Conical antenna is discussed which works from 26. . The gain of a feed horn is proportional to its length times the aperture. I put the two wide band mini circuits. 2. Horn Antenna Radiation Pattern. For pyramidal horns, Kraus 3 gives the following approximations for 3 dB beam width in degrees and dB gain over a dipole: E plane = e 56 A λ degrees H plane = h 67 A λ degrees and for gain G ≅ 10log 10 (4. • Finish: Unique corrosion resistant 316 stainless steel epoxy coating IAW MIL-F-14072 (above WR22) Optional Features: • Calibration data - see a Typical Calibration Report. About Horn Antenna Designer The resource is currently listed in dxzone. Solve Add to Solver Description A horn antenna or microwave horn is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam. The dimension of the antenna cannot be easily changed, however the radiating element is a small piece of copper which can be easily cut and bent. 1 3D Modeling Methods. Phone: (858) 381. 1. The ETS-Lindgren Model 3160 Series Pyramidal Horn Antenna is a series of pyramidal standard gain horn antennas designed specifically for utilization in emissions and immunity testing over the frequency range of 1 GHz to 40 GHz. These tools are grouped according to. The Propagation Group Design of Horn and Waveguide Antennas 9 Designs and Calculations 2. The fields surrounding an antenna are divided into 3 main regions: Reactive Near Field. Example: Calculate the effective antenna aperture of the Russian RT-70 radio telescope in Crimea (Russia): its antenna gain is 69. comhorn cst vivaldi antenna patch slot antenna-model monopole Updated May 14, 2019. . 2 meter Antenna frequency = 6 GHz Output Gain (dBi) = 47 . This article presents a dual-polarized corrugated horn antenna incorporated a turnstile orthomode transducer (OMT) covering the full Ka-band (26. The planes of the second direction of the sectoral horn are parallel to each other. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. They can be rotated for directional tuning and are effective for. It’s quite complex and depends on the specific design and frequency of operation. Results showed that the gain. of 10 dBi. . Antenna Calculators. The algorithm implemented in this calculator is the result of 40 years of experience in the HF Antenna sector. 315" Diameter Circular Waveguide, Ka-Band Spot-Focusing Lens Antenna Login to view pricing SAQ-273085-315-S1Example; Calculate isolation at 32 inches at 8 ghz = (2">4">8">16">32" is 4x6= add 24dB) and 2>4>8 ghz is another 12 dB. It is named after its shape, which resembles a horn. Given the Wind Speed, the total antenna square area, and the boom length, it. The calculation is based on 4NEC2. Dimensions (in mm) of each part is visible on the photo. It is commonly used in radar systems, satellite communication, and wireless communication systems. . Batwing antenna - super wideband bat wings for 3G/4G. The hornRidge object creates a double-ridged horn antenna with the default dimensions chosen for an operating frequency range of 10 GHz-12 GHz. 8 GHz. ant = hornPotter (Name,Value) sets Properties using one or more name-value pairs. DESIGN DATA FOR YOUR LPDA. e. Construction & Working of Horn Antenna. 045) creates a rectangular corrugated-horn antenna with the flare length of the horn set to 45. The impedance at the input end of a transmission line, if it's loaded with a complex impedance at the output, which is most often the case in antenna designing, is also a complex value. LECTURE 18: Horn Antennas (Rectangular horn antennas. Feed the horn antenna with a waveguide port and waveguide source. As usually, pay attention on protection of your eyes and the face since grinding discs can brake. eA = Efficiency of the aperture (between 0 and 1) λ = Wavelength of radio wave in mm/cm/µm/metre. This paper presents the design and simulation of a wideband, medium gain, light weight, wide bandwidth pyramidal horn antenna feed for microwave applications. ix list of figures. Horn antenna described above. / Similar Products. Loop Antenna. CONICAL HORN ANTENNA GAIN CALCULATOR. Using the resultant generated TEM mode, an alumina. 2442 degrees. They are usually used in conjunction with waveguide feeds and direct radio waves in a narrow beam. I made few different antennas and I ended up with this small horn antenna. The new corrugated horn feeder is investigated. RF & Microwave Calculators Advertisement. Its gain is around 2-3 dBi for 2 meters, and it’s suitable for VHF/UHF bands. free Antenna Calculator. Antenna length can be calculated using the formula: Length (in feet) = 468 / Frequency (in MHz). 5 meter OUTPUTS: Gain = 52. Antennas. Antenna design calculators : 802. Thanks to Chris, we now offer a copy of an 1954 NRL report dating from 1954, on the design and calibration of horn antennas. Parabolic Dish Calculator Horn Antenna Calculator Dipole Antenna Calculator Patch Antenna Calculator Antenna near field calculator Antenna gain calculator Antenna G/T ratio calculator. It typically consists of several elements arranged on a boom. 05 GHz, Gain 18. . • Design an E-plane horn so that the maximum phase deviation at the aperture of the horn is 56. The biconical antenna is considered a standard workhorse for every compliance test lab. The input and output of such a function are: INPUTS: l0 (m), a (m), b (m), A (m), B (m), L (m) OUTPUT: D0. 4 Antenna tuning The rectangular waveguide and the pyramidal horn are both built for 915 MHz. . RF & Microwave Calculators Advertisement. e. Results showed that the gain approximation. Display information about antenna or array. Antenna polarization is vertical, the radiation pattern is circular. 74271Horn antennas are essentially a section of a waveguide where the open end is flared to provide a transition to the areas of free space. more ->Half power beamwidth of an antenna is the angular separation, in which the magnitude of the radiation pattern decreases by 50% (or -3dB) from the peak of the main beam. Calculator. They are used as feed antennas (called feed horns) for larger antenna structures such as parabolic antennas,. Visit Pasternack's Waveguides page for product details. 4 Antenna tuning The rectangular waveguide and the pyramidal horn are both built for 915 MHz. 2-12. 4 dBi, Weight 1. Fig. Horn Brass ridges 3. WR-284 Waveguide Standard Gain Horn Antenna Operating From 2. The horn antenna is widely used in the transmission and reception of RF microwave signals. Now. ant = hornCorrugated (Name,Value) sets Properties using one or more name-value pairs. You can calculate the structural dimensions of such an antenna using our online calculator. 6 to 3. What is a pyramidal horn antenna gain calculator? This online pyramidal horn antenna gain calculator is used to calculate the gain (in dB) of the pyramidal horn antenna by. Below is a calculation tool to help determining the actual field Strength or power density (in V/M) at a given distance with a known antenna gain. Helical or Helix Antennas transmit a circular polarized wave. The PEWAN284-10 S Band standard gain horn antenna (also known as waveguide horn) from Pasternack has a nominal gain . Our broadband waveguide horn antennas have frequency capabilities ranging from 1. 98. 72. 0102 m. The calculator computes the so-called optimal pyramidal horn antenna. 7. Isolation can be achieved through proper spacing, shielding, and filtering. Wavelength to Frequency. Vivaldi antennas are planar antennas that work over a wide frequency range. Note: when using coax for antenna elements it is advised. 9-7. 4. Solution: Apply Formula: G dBi = 10 LOG 10 ( η4πA / λ 2) G dBi = 9. Free Online Engineering Calculator to quickly estimate the Dimensions of a Helix Antenna. A Folded Dipole Yagi Antenna combines a folded dipole element with Yagi’s directional design. In Figure 1, we have the antenna feed connecting two symmetric sides of a planar metallic antenna. Efficiency (η) = 5 Wave Length (λ) = 10 Physical Aperture Area (A) = 15. How is monopole antenna length calculated? The length of a monopole antenna is calculated using the formula for a quarter-wavelength antenna: Antenna Length (in meters) = Speed of Light (m/s) / Frequency (Hz) / 4. III. A horn antenna design seeks to determine the values of A, l H or R 1, l E or R 2 and B, and these are related by [1] This work develops a new analytical design technique, using closed formulas based on equations that take into account the exact phase errors and optimize the gain relative to the E- and H-planes. Apr 11, 2019. 222k 1. The default dimensions are chosen for an operating frequency of 3. The proposed method provides a degree of freedom, which involves the tapering configuration of the horn antenna. This radar maximum range calculator determines the theoretical maximum range of a radar based on the radar transmitted power, antenna gain or aperture, frequency, radar cross-sectional area of the target, and the sensitivity of the radar receiver. . Optimal spacing is typically around 0. Here is a little handy calculator that can calculate the wavelength of a frequency or frequency of a wavelength in several different units. 3 (30cm), broad= 0. Description of the original designs. 5 dBi or 9000000, working frequency 5. The comparison between the smooth wall conical horn antenna and the four types of horn antennas, the dielectric lens-corrected horn antenna, the dielectric loaded horn antenna, the cone. Fig. I understand the formula for calculating the far field distance from an antenna is: Distance = (2D 2 )/λ. 3. λ = Wavelength . 3G-Aerial admin. Understanding how gain functions and howCalifornia Institute of TechnologyRadar and its target. 203Å -0. The wire diameter corresponds to the standard wire gauge. . Pyramidal and sectoral horn antennas. To suppress back radiation a choke is added to the horn aperture edge. e. 197kSpread the loveFor an 11-meter Yagi antenna (CB radio), an ideal mounting height is typically around 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 meters) above the ground. $2,164. November 11, 2015 November 19, 2015 Calculators. Radio waves behave very similar to the photons in light waves. Thermocouples only need two wires. 6 GHz to 3. Antenna Gain is the measure of amount of boost provided to the input sigal by the antenna. Find a tube with a circumference equal to one wavelength, and wrap wire in a helix spaced a quarter wavelength. Aperture of the horn is rectangular. Enter the diameter, wavelength and efficiency of horn aperture to calculate the gain of the antenna. Bessel Lowpass Filter 24 dB/octave; Butterworth Lowpass Filter 24 dB/octave; Linkwitz Lowpass Filter 24 dB/octave;This calculator determines the effective aperture A e for a given frequency f or wavelength, λ and antenna gain G. However, the impedance matching is affected and the VSWR is. The ANT-SGH-4. Horn. It consists of three elements viz. ant = hornConical (Name,Value) sets properties using one or more name-value pairs. 1 Potter Horn. This calculation tool will assist: The calculation of field Strength levels required by certain immunity standards. 2m diameter and transmits at 14 - 14. Link Calculator 2. Element lengths and spacings are calculated based on the desired frequency. If a solution could be found, τ is increased as long as the length of the boom is shorter than your design goal and as long as τ is smaller than the maximum value of τ = 0. Horn antennas consist of a flared waveguide which is shaped like a horn and are used in the transmission and reception of RF microwave signals. Diameter (D) of Antenna m. It was then decided to design an array of Vivaldi antennas to obtain a narrower beamwidth. 2729 m. Antenna Mast/Positioner; Automotive Antennas; Biconical & E-Field Antennas; Circular Polarized Antenna; Dipole Antennas; HiRF Antennas; Horn Antennas; Hybrid Antennas (Log-Bicon) Log-Periodic Antennas; Rod Antennas; Stacked Log-Periodic Antennas; Antennas Magnetic. 1~1 GHz, is designed and optimized using the CST soft in this. We don't know wavelength "λ" but we know c and its represent light of the speed and we know. Sectoral Horn Antenna. NEW 4x4 Asymmetrical Horn Antenna. 26 to 33 GHz , 12" Focal Length, 3. Fairview. Schematic representation of the antenna: Here's a spreadsheet from our friends over at Texas Instruments that will help you estimate antenna range using the Friis-Equation and 2-Ray Ground Reflection Model. More products. It is commonly used in radar systems, satellite communication, and wireless communication systems. • Nominal Gain of 10, 15, 20, and 25 dBi. Appendix B: Rectangular Waveguide Raytechx. 35 to 170 GHz. To fully understand the results obtained by this calculator, please take a few minutes to read the. effective len (a) (b) Fig. The antenna is intended to meet the following constraints in this proposed design; operating. Helmholtz Coils; Loop Antennas - Active; Loop. Figure 7-9. The DRH370 from RF SPIN is a Horn Antenna with Frequency 370 MHz to 6 GHz, Gain 4 to 16 dB, Power 350 to 500 W, Weight 3. Horn Antennas; Hybrid Antennas (Log-Bicon) Log-Periodic Antennas; Rod Antennas;. Used in a variety of applications such as radiated emissions, immunity and shielding effectiveness testing; this antenna has proven to be a valuable asset. /. SMA Model: 100 watts. This calculator calculates the HPBW angle when the spot size in meter and distance from antenna and the equipment under test. A classic design of 1–18 GHz DRHA with exponential ridges is modelled and the antenna pattern deficiencies are detected at frequencies above 12 GHz. and the antenna is linear polarization. com 5027 Maricopa Street, Torrance, California 90503 Phone. For electrically large antennas there. Horn Antenna Calculator. The default horn antenna operates in the X-Ku band, which ranges from 10 GHz to 15 GHz. e. This is a antenna length calculator in C++. In contrast a 1. Antenna Gain at the desired frequency. 74271 Antenna Gain (G dBi) = 9. The classic horn antenna undergoes some tough analysis and emerges with improvements that increase the frequency band to 3 GHz. A classic design of 1–18 GHz DRHA with exponential ridges is modelled and the antenna pattern deficiencies are detected at frequencies above 12 GHz. QWH-SL. It also determines the wavelength and the length adjustment factor k. 9-7. Calculating the required power amplifier and antenna combinations for new testing. This type of horn antennas has a rectangular shaped waveguide, typically fed by a monopole. Anteral’s High Gain Lens Horn Antennas (HGLHA) are high frequency lens antennas with a nominal gain above 40 dB. Formulas and Calculations. 95 GHz With a Nominal 15 dB Gain N Female Input. Antenna Database; Pyramidal Horn Calculator; Categories The gain of the conical horn antenna can be calculated by the following formula. Attenuator Calculators Balanced Attenuator Calculator. The horn antenna is an antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves into a beam. Skip to main content. The far-field range is further away, where the field. /2 at waveguide act like a conducting surface while corrugations with depth In horn present a high impedance. CAES. Figure 2. This formula is used in our calculator to determine the radar horizon and target visibility. Features. Cloverleaf antenna analysis and online calculator. The main category is Antenna design calculators that is about Antenna design calculators. . Generally, the spacecraft is covered with thick layers of dielectric ablative. The bowtie antenna is a usual dipole, however, due to the large “thickness” at the ends, it has a much wider bandwidth compared to a linear dipole. Step 1: Antenna Calculation. Antenna Factor Calculator. Double Ridge Horn Antenna Structure The ordinary horn antenna can be regarded as extending outward from the waveguide. Description. The parameters listed below will be used in modeling this type of horn. Gain: up to 4 dBi. . Helical antenna calculator. The gain of horn antennas ranges up to 25 dBi, with 10-20 dBi being typical. The electric & magnetic fields pattern at. Horn Antenna: Microwave BPF: Radio Horizon calculator: Erlang and GoS: EVM(dB) to EVM(rms) GSM ARFCN Frequency Converter: LTE EARFCN Frequency Converter: UMTS UARFCN Frequency Converter: Satellite Slant Range Calculator: Geosynchronous satellite: Earth Station to Satellite Link Budget: Thermal Noise Power Calculator: Antenna. Plot the s-parameters and impedance of cassegrain antenna over a frequency range of 18 GHz to 18. Bowtie antenna online calculator. More products. RF & Microwave Calculators Advertisement. Once a single horn element has been designed, N number of horn elements were arranged in a 2D array to become a horn-based phased-array antenna. 3. It is named after its shape, which resembles a horn. This is an online calculator that calculates the gain of an ideal conical horn antenna based on frequency, the diameter of the aperture and aperture efficiency. . In this way, a waveguide horn antenna’s aperture and axial length can be adjusted to achieve the desired gain and directivity for a given. The approximate gain of a horn antenna can be calculated using the following formula: Gain (dBi) ≈ 10 * log10 ( (4 * π * Aperture Area) / λ^2) Where: Aperture Area is. UWB horn antennas provide excellent dispersion performance but limit system efficacy due to significant size and cost requirements. Horn antennas consist of a flared waveguide which is shaped like a horn and are used in the transmission and reception of RF microwave signals. This design is often used in limited-space setups where a full-length antenna. d = Diameter of the aperture in cm/inch/mm/metre. Data Sheet. 5 Max. . This paper covers the details about horn antenna, types of horn antenna, important parameters of horn antenna, details about ridged horn antenna – dual and quad ridged horn antenna, parameters to be considers to design a horn antenna using HFSS. . Horn radiation pattern at. For the same reason, the antenna length L is much shorter than the length of a linear dipole. The results revealed the generation of combination of TEM 0,0 and TEM 2,0 mode. The. The aperture A of a dish antenna is the area of the reflector as seen by a passing radio wave: A = πr2 where r is the radius, half of the diameter of the dish. 5 and 3. A Twin Lead J-Pole Antenna is a simple yet effective antenna often used in amateur radio. Symmetrical Horn TP Antennas. For the same reason, the antenna length L is much shorter than the length of a linear dipole.