rvs 76 soybean variety. Rvs 2001-4 soybean ki puri jankari // rvs 2001-4 soyabean variety. rvs 76 soybean variety

 
Rvs 2001-4 soybean ki puri jankari // rvs 2001-4 soyabean varietyrvs 76 soybean variety 6 76

3 kg Mg ha –1, and 21. 58-76. 1. Dyna-Gro S45LL33 HALO 4:76 Dyna-Gro S48LL23 Armor 495L HALO 4:95 Progeny P4819 LL HBK LL4850 Dyna-Gro S49LL34 GoSoy 4913LL HBK LL4953 Pioneer P53T62L. There has been a proliferation of soybean varieties in. TABLE 3: The 2022 Ohio Soybean Performance Trials, North Region -Early Varieties (RM 1. Soybean (Glycine max L. Soybean (Glycine max) is among the world's important crops due to its high-quality plant-based protein and oil content (Hartman et al. The oils from all the six soybean varieties exhibited very good chemical properties as far as their safety is concerned. 7 74. 4 to 155. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of priming on seed quality of soybean varieties. Alite 27 herbicide is approved for select counties across Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, South Dakota, and Tennessee. Procedures. The LSU AgCenter works to ensure the data is properly evaluated to bring the farmer the best variety for this coming year. pachyrhizi infection is. Farmers may be purchasing different “brands/product numbers” of soybean seed from. 1. 6 Dyna-gro 48XT90 4/2. Estimates of soybean yield losses due to diseases for the United States from 1996 to 1998 have been published (7). Dr. January 6, 2023 - Author: Dechun Wang, Randy Laurenz and Robert Stoutenburg, Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences. These varieties have been selected to cater to various agro-climatic conditions and are recognized for their high-yield potential in soybean cultivation across India. (Lancaster, Pa. Choose multiple varieties from different company umbrellas to spread genetic risk. The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean ( Glycine max) [3] is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Crop production. 58-76. Soybean variety selection is one of the most critical and complex decisions that soybean farmers make. 2021; Rebois and Johnson 1973; Robbins et al. A. 4 Min 1. December 3 –. With these additions, the Xitavo seed portfolio includes a total of 39 varieties covering relative maturities 0. This chapter outlines the strengths and weaknesses of soybean as a complete amino acid source as well as the relative importance of individual amino acids. 4 The soybean ANS gene sequence AF325853 (deposited to GenBank by J. 8 Asgrow 48XF2 4/26/22 20 95,000 Simmy Williams Camden Austin Brown 1 98. MSE 73 877. Due to this nutritional quality, high production, low cost and variety of derivate products, the soybean grain is an alternative for feed . ) Merr. A. 3 days, and the maturity (Ve-R7) varied from 61. Damaged discoloured insect infested beans percent by weight. 27 million tonnes, accounting for 60. Description: Maturity Days: 100-105 days Yield: Approx. Many varietal characteristics, such as maturity, lodging, yield potential, promiscuity and disease resistance, must be considered when selecting varieties. Source: Oct. We captured insects belonging to 24 distinct species in a soybean field with. are gaining popularity day by day for their nutritional values. Varieties are listed alphabetically. Conventional. 0 t/ha without irrigation. 1%, 72%, and 72. producing nearly 12,855 quintals of Breeder Seed of nearly 43 soybean varieties. 1 to 4. or 501-671-2148). Relative maturity is 00. Variety selection is one of the most important management decisions that influence soybean production. Soybean yields in the United States have averaged around 2500 kg ha −1 for the last decade, which represents an approximate fourfold increase since 1924 (USDA-NASS, 2013b). Chromatographic. Nearly 3000. . Variety Trials, 2022. Soybean [Glycine max (L. 2021 Soybean - Enlist, RR and Xtend - Ransom and Sargent Counties. For variety selection, it would be best to choose from the test that best represents your location, and disregard the statewide average. level of 25% is shown. This ultimately led to the reduction of genetic variability among existing soybean cultivars and stagnation in crop yield. ) Merr. 00 Source : 2. % Protein % Oil N1 N2 '22 Mean '21-'22 Mean XO 3131E Xitavo Soybean Seed EN 3. 65 48. In some cases, observations from these large plots can result in identification of varieties that are resistant to a number of soilborne maladies. Brand; Variety Brooksville Clarksdale Stoneville Stoneville Irr. KEYWORDS: Soybeans, Varieties, Ecology, Adaptation and. Genetic development and new technologies have created these popular, high-yielding soybean varieties in large plots located across the state. Source! Click here to see Distributor contact information for these varieties. Pod dehiscence is a vital reproduction trait for wild soybean, but it is an undesirable trait that causes yield loss in soybean production. Carrington REC. Many varietal characteristics, such as maturity, lodging, yield potential, promiscuity and disease resistance, must be considered when selecting varieties. Mississippi producers. Currently, the USA, Brazil, and Argentina account for ~34, 30, and 17% of the global soybean production, respectively. Salintuya-I. Archived Publications. Merril) is the world’s most important seed legume, which contributes to 25 % of the global edible oil, about two-thirds of the world’s protein concentrate for livestock feeding. Introduction. 2 65. Thus in order to enhance production and productivity of soybean, broadening of. Thirty-The soil was normal in reaction (p H 7. 2021 Soybean - Irrigated, GT, RR and Xtend - Nesson Valley (Williston REC). There are several protocols used to genetically transform plants with either stable or transient expression. maize [Zea mays (L. Transportation charges will be extra. Soyabean Seeds. 2017. 76%: Notes: The lowercase letter represents the significance of the 0. and Koenning, S. One of the most critical decisions in growing soybeans is variety selection. Soybean. 9 85. Specialized variety trials may be conducted in certain areas to target specific diseases, such as the taproot decline varietySalinization is a global agricultural problem with many negative effects on crops, including delaying germination, inhibiting growth, and reducing crop yield and quality. 4. “No one wants to eat purple tofu. Soybean yield losses within fields infested with SCN can range from 5% to 95% depending upon severity of infestation, soil type, soybean variety, weather conditions, and presence of other soybean pests (e. Direct human food includes all non-animal-sourced foods from soy excluding oils. Soybean (Glycine max L. 8 84. Vegetable soybeans are prepared in diverse ways, and they are highly nutritious, with excellent. ) Merrill, is a legume belonging to the botanical family Leguminosae and subfamily of Papilionideae (Shurtleff & Aoyagi, 2007). ) Merrill, is a legume belonging to the botanical family Leguminosae and subfamily of Papilionideae (Shurtleff & Aoyagi, 2007). 7. 4: Dyna‐Gro S45XS66 85. . The Van's RV-6 and RV-6A are two-seat, single-engine, low-wing homebuilt airplanes sold in kit form by Van's Aircraft. rc (3. 5 days, with a span of 98. Laredo – BlackIn 7. Satpute RA, Fultambkar RV. 2 to 120. S. In this article, drought-tolerant variety Heinong 44 (HN44) and drought-sensitive variety Heinong 65 (HN65) were used as. Soybean had greater stand establishment in 19 cm rows (6–10% higher) compared with 76 cm rows. marketing soybean varieties or brands are invited to submit test seed; interested companies enter on a voluntary, fee-entry basis. Over this same time, U. meticulously test and evaluate each Xitavo soybean seed variety, employing rigorous . 6 m in the month of August in both the seasons. This variety was adaptable. The life-span of a soybean nodule is typically a few weeks, after which they senesce and are replaced by new nodule structures developing on the growing root system. “We grow maturity groups 4 and 5 in north Alabama, maturity groups 5 and 6 in central Alabama and maturity groups 6 and 7 in south Alabama,” said Dr. 7 Asgrow 35XF1 3/30/2022 15 90,000 Garrett Boyd (3B Farms) Beaufort Rod Gurganus 1 94. There are several factors to consider, and selecting a variety that is a poor fit for a given field can reduce a farmer’s profit. A study from China estimated the nitrogen requirement of Soybean using quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model. NRC- 76 NRC-37 x L-27 46 NRC127 JS97. Soybean in 19 cm rows yielded 0. Nett. LEARN MORESoybean is an important leguminous crop in the world with high nutritional values. Worldwide, the crop is grown on about 6% of the arable land (Hartman et al. Shattering, lodging, diseases. ] is one of the most important food and feed crops worldwide. 6 57. One factor limiting the achievement of high yields in the soybean crop is weed interference. 1 USD billion. Thompson On Cotton: A Turnaround Thursday 4-24. Variety Variety notified for State 2015 1 NRC-86 (Ahilya-6) MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP and Maharashtra 2 KDS-344 (Phule Agrani) Maharashtra, Karnataka, TN, & Telangana 2014 1 MAUS-162 Maharashtra 2 DSb-21 Karnataka 3 JS- Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, 20-29 4 JS 20-34 Rajasthan and Uttar Pardesh Archived Publications. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a naturally occurring plant growth regulator and play vital roles in plant defense and many developmental processes such as root growth and seed germination. )] yields have increased nearly sevenfold (USDA-NASS, 2013a). सोयाबीन RVS 2001-4 | Soybean Best Variety RVS 2001-4 #soybean2001-4 #soybeanRVS2001-4 #soybeanVarietyRVS2001-4प्रमाणित और फाउंडेशन बीज़. Five soybean varieties, including an early maturing variety Heihe 27, three intermediate maturing varieties Zhonghuang 70, Zhonghuang 325, and Zhonghuang 314, and a late maturing variety Zigongdongdou were used as materials. 23 Feb 2022. 7 74. 30. Summary of Yield for Group IV Early Roundup Ready Xtend for the 2020 Mississippi Soybean Variety Trials. 2), NRC-132 (1. germination, survi val and pollen sterilit y in M1 ~ 327 ~As a vegetable, early maturing soybean variety with green and immature pods is more feasible for fresh or frozen consumption . PS 1347, SL 688, JS-20-29, JS-20-34, NRC-86 (ahilya-6), Pant Soy-24,. Warships, tanks, and other machinery of war required all the available steel resources. Effect of diseases on soybean yields in the United States and Ontario 1999-2002. 12, 2022 report, Statewide crop conditions were rated at about 74 percent good to. We cloned the full-length GmICHG cDNA from the soybean seedling roots from the DS2706 variety of 1545 bp. Two soybean (Glycine max) varieties were used in this study. There has been a proliferation of soybean varieties in. 7 ± 3. In this study, SMV strains N1 and N3 were found to be the most closely related to SC18. 76. Conventional. Recently, the new technology of multi-hybrid planters has been making it more practical for farmers to plant different varieties together. No single variety is superior, but in some situations, there are varieties that are more specifically adapted than others. Search! Filter this table by entering variety characteristics in the fields below the column headings. New soybean varieties fresh from the breeding program may be more difficult to evaluate due to limited yield and other data. किसान भाईयों नमस्कार,आपको हमारे चैनल पर हमेशा खेती-बाड़ी , फसलों के मंडी. Eight varieties (NRC 37, PS 19, PK 327, RAUS 5, PK 1042, JS 9752, Shilajeet, JS -20-29) were categorized as moderately resistant (Disease severity 10% to 20%) and two varietiesfour to six years to release a new soybean variety and the breeding cy cle can cost from $600,000 up to $. ) is a single-transgene variety containing one transgenic event which confers glyphosate-based herbicide tolerance (Roundup Ready technology,. 7. By the end of October, 73 percent of soybeans had been harvested, compared to the five-year average of 62 percent. 5 and 85. Google Scholar. In Poland, imported genetically modified soybean meal covers 65%, and leguminous seeds that are cultivated locally cover 11% of the protein requirement in livestock nutrition. The many significant agronomic practices that are utilized in soybean production are highlighted with an emphasis on those used during the pregrowing season and growing season. Frogeye leaf spot has been less of an issue in recent years because of resistant varieties. In an effort to support and expand the local soybean market throughout the northeast, the University of Vermont Extension Northwest Crop and Soils (NWCS) Program, as part of a grant from the Eastern Soybean Board, established a trial in 2019 to evaluate yield and quality of soybean varieties appropriate for the region. Effect of mutagenesis on . HALO 4:76 Dyna-Gro S45LL33 . 8: 59. This study was undertaken to study the possible role of using methyl jasmonate to alleviate the adverse effect of water stress on soybean genotypes (Giza 22. S15‐10434C is 76 cm tall and has resistance to lodging. Historically, most of NC has been slated for a MG6 zone, but we have growers interested in producing a wide range of MGs (3-8) for. Previous studies carried out in Paraná, southern Brazil, with soybean lines released from 1981 to 1986 indicated yield increases of 45 and 37 kg ha −1 yr −1 for early and semi-early maturity. Direct animal feed is soybeans fed directly to. SC7311ETM Seed Consultants, Inc. 7 . recent years, and many good varieties are available to. Combined mean yield and other parameters of Soybean variety adaptation trial over two year at Jimma Variety name PH(cm) DF(days) DM(Days) NOP NOS HSW Rust. Oil and protein are the important commercial interest in soybean. 2022. Soybean transformation. 3. The North Carolina Official Variety Testing (OVT) program tests hundreds of corn, soybean, small grains, and grain sorghum varieties across multiple locations in North Carolina to identify varieties with best fits to our varied crop environments. The Electric Farm: Rick Rottinghaus Plots A Future Beyond Gasoline And Diesel 4-24. Also find Soybean Seeds price list | ID: 27104083562. . Introduction. This oil will make about 1. Soybean RVS-2024 30 Kg. Damaged discoloured insect infested beans percent by weight. The crop seems to be in good condition and the adoption of new varieties and technological interventions would help increase the productivity, says Nita. RVS 2002-4 (2017) यह प्रजाति 92 से 97 दिनों में पककर तैयार हो जाती है | इस प्रजाति की. Others 7,078,4423. PFP21: Pre-Plant Liming and Fertilization. illustrated that the percentage of water content in tofu from Lotus USA amounted to 76. Table 6. Protein, Oil %. Plant wheat seed at 1. Eleven seed companies and two university soybean breeding programs submittedThe University of Georgia soybean variety trials are conducted under irrigated conditions to minimize variation between years. IndiaMART. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 23:122-131. With lots of excellent soybean varieties to choose from, this decision can sometimes be time consuming. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of weed interference on. These categories reflect the Manitoba Soybean Maturity Zones map, based on long-term heat unit and frost-free period data. When these and other diseases occur in official variety trials, ratings are conducted to identify potential sources of resistance, making variety selection the most economical way for producers to manage diseases. , Lafayette,. Table 39. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four seed companies submitted varieties for evaluation (Table 1). The five-year average yield for soybean in Brazil is 3. Introduction. Summary of Yield for Group IV Late Roundup Ready Xtend for the 2021 Mississippi Soybean Variety Trials, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Official. 2 Major producing states in India: In the recent past, Soybean cultivation has increased many folds as compared to any other oil seed crop in the country and stands next to Groundnut, though commercial production of Soybean began inVarieties of soybeans differ in maturity as much as corn varieties do, but they are classified by a different maturity system. Click here to view this article from agupdate. Soybean Agronomy Lead for BASF. NSC Arden is a Roundup Ready 2 Xtend variety with excellent yield potential for its maturity, which is. Soybean varieties could be classified according to their composition (high/low glycinin:β-conglycinin ratio) and capacity to inhibit HMGCR (IC50 from 59 to 229 µg protein mL−1). 64 2000 to 2001. Wang in 2000) was found 85% identical to an Arabidopsis ANS Q96323 (Pelletier et al. Soybean row spacings (in inches) in North. Soybean variety selection is one of the most critical and complex decisions that soybean farmers make. Soybean (Glycine max L. Soybean Yields (bu/ac) 43. RVS 18 soybean variety details rvs 18 soybean variety details inhindi rvs 18 vs rvs 24rvs 18 soybeanrvs soybean varietyrvs soybeanrvs 24 soybeanrvs 2001 soyb. With the best agriculture products and solutions, local expertise and smart farming advice, your retailer can help make you more successful. (76)90527-3. , purified Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (0. sojense)Plant material and herbicide treatment. The vegetative growth period (− 0. Ten soybean varieties SL 979, RVS 2001-18, MACS 1340, KDS 708, JS 20-71, RKS 113, NRC 94, MACS 1394, NRC 93, CSB 904, were studied for correlation between field resistance and % infestation of insects viz. 2023 Rice Crop Initial Progress Report 4-25. 9, and RM 5. The United States, Brazil, and Argentina constituted approximately 81% of international soybean production, producing 34, 32, and 15%, respectively [ 4, 5 ]. In the chart we see the allocation of soybeans to three categories. TGX 1835, MAK SOY 4N, and SOUNG PUNGUNG 2400 had the highest total phenolic. It describes 43 soybean varieties and lists 7 synonyms. Performance of soybean varieties or brands varies from year to year and from location to location, depending on factors such as weather, management. Moreover, soybeans accounted for 28. 3: Asgrow AG47XF0 59. 3 64. Our BASF team of soybean specialists is focused on your success. They require more management andThere has been a proliferation of soybean varieties in recent years, and many good varieties are available to Mississippi producers. Flower color of soybean (Glycine max [L. Tables 91 to 98 give the general characteristics of most varieties grown in Mississippi. The global production of soybeans is approximately 353. China, Japan, Mexico, and many European countries are the main soybean-importing. Shopping. 7, and ≥ 4. 6) – favorite! very high yield, widely adapted, consistent and reliable, black hilum, Viking 2155 soybeans (2. 2 million square kilometers and 600 Mha of arable land, of which <10% is currently. The study was carried out with 3 main plot treatments (3 land. Table 38. ) is susceptible to low temperatures. Therefore, it is a critical need of time to develop heat. 4 91. We selected 8 cultivated soybean varieties, including Qihuang 34, Qihuang 35, Zhonghuang 37, Qihuang 42, Jidou 17, Ludou 1, Fendou 95 and. 6 to 2. Soybean protein is a complete vegetable protein. appeared first on Soybean South. When selecting your next year’s varieties, it is important to consider the factors listed in Table 6. 2 million seeds/acre in 10 inch rows or if in 15 inch. Performance of Soybean Cultivars in Alabama, 2021. It is resistant to cyst nematode (races 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14), reniform nematode, peanut and southern root knot nematodes, sudden death. Xitavo soybean seed includes the Enlist E3 triple-stack herbicide tolerantdeveloped varieties. 4, 4. RVS -14 Rounded Ovate Dark Green White Dark Present 17. First identified in soybean root nodules, symbiotic plant Hbs have been studied extensively and characterized from numerous legume (Appleby, 1992) and nonlegume species (Pathirana and Tjepkema, 1995; Suharjo and Tjepkema, 1995). Globally, soybean [Glycine max (L. Currently, the analytical technique most commonly used to measure soybean meal quality is protein solubility, perhaps combined with the urease test. The choice of variety is a key factor in profitable soybean production. requirement of soybean at the national level. 6 kg S ha –1. An experiment was conducted to search genotypes tolerant to low light intensity, which can be better grown for intercropping system. Varieties have been bred that respond to day length (more correctly the duration of darkness). Plant Disease 76: 964-965. Soybean meal in poultry and swine feeds . 1 to 4. 2 48. 4 2022 Soybean Variety Yields and Production Practices ratings are conducted to identify potential sources of resistance, making variety selection the most economical way for producers to manage diseases. 7(d), the major Pro type in CDS1 group is Pro2 (76%),. NC State Extension provides the highest quality, unbiased variety testing data. 33. Two soybean (Glycine max) varieties were used in this study. State-wise varieties of Soybean Crop notified under seed act from 2008 to 2019. Soybean, Glycine max (L. Dazey. recommended for. Before planting, it is important to think about three main things regarding soil fertility: soil acidity, commonly required nutrients, and eventually required nutrients. Non-genetically modified high oleic (Non-GMO-HO) soybean is one of the recently developed. The effects of drought stress on soybean including. ) Merr. Wang in 2000) was found 85% identical to an Arabidopsis ANS Q96323 (Pelletier et al. A. Indicate relative maturity (RM) range of interest on the sliding bar scale. Seeding rate ranged from 7 to 12 seeds per footThe soybean is a significant legume crop, providing several vital dietary components. 1923 March. 8 46. The same varieties are tested in all locations of a test within a region. When plants were at the V3 growth stage (plants with three fully expanded trifoliate leaves ( 27 ), plots of soybean were caged for manipulation of. 8% to the value of global production of the four main crops of soybeans, maize, canola, and cotton. 76 All World 180,729,270 100. Therefore, take some time in making your decision. 6%). 1994a). 2021 Soybean University of Missouri Variety Testing 3 PROCEDURES Regions and locations The MU Variety Testing Program divides the soybean growing area of Missouri into four regions: North, Central, Southeast, and Southwest. The bioinformatics analysis revealed secretion and glycosylation of this protein. 8 2. Table 37. Next-generation sequencing has availed research techniques and strategies in genomics and. Out of the 19,649 soybean accessions deposited in the United. Two soybean varieties with distinct. Yield Summary: Ultra-Late Production Soybean Variety Performance at Camilla, 2021. 5-inch soybean rows, it was found that Palmer amaranth emergence was decreased by 76% compared to fields with no soybean; while common cocklebur emergence was reduced by 33% (Jha 2017). The experimental factors included the 2 soybean varieties (Katol and Caspian) and 4 processing methods (unprocessed, extruded, thermal, and gamma radiation). Statewide Average 8-2 8-12 2021 2-Yr 3. Satpute RA, Fultambkar RV. 2021 Soybean - Enlist, RR and Xtend - Ransom and Sargent Counties. germination, survi val and pollen sterilit y in M1 ~ 327 ~ Soybean oil and protein contents are 21 and 40%, respectively including carbohydrate and ash contents of at 34 and 5%, respectively . There are two main difficulties with growing SCN-resistant soybean varieties continuously and not monitoring SCN populations: first, SCN populations vary widely in densities (numbers) and virulence (ability to reproduce on resistant cultivars), and both ofImproved soybean variety (Dhidhessa) was used as a test crop. The varieties at all but the Columbus were separated into three maturity groups: ≤ 4. Choose multiple varieties from different company umbrellas to spread genetic risk. Soy oil can serve as a good source of oleic and linoleic acid, even the partially hydrogenated soy oil contains 25% linoleic and 3% linolenic acid (Lokuruka 2010). and variety on the physiology of soybean in Central India. , W1, W2, W3, W4, Wm and Wp. Common cutworm (CCW) is an omnivorous insect causing severe yield losses in soybean crops. The trial was conducted with 19 released soybean varieties in the year 2015 and 2016 main cropping season at Jimma, South Western parts of Ethiopia. & Notification Date Variety notified for State 2018 1 Chhattisgarh Soybean-1 (CG Soya-1) 1379(E)/27. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1026437 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Anthracnose/pod blight, caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major constraint on soybean cultivation and results in decreased soybean yield. Except for some late-maturing varieties that did not reach R7 before the end of the experiment, the flowering time (Ve-R1) varied from 22. J. Mississippi Soybean. New varieties provide high yield performance and a strong agronomic defensive package RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC, September 15, 2021 – BASF. The state average is below the US average as well as those that enter the NC State University Soybean Yield Contest. 1 85. At the Hopkinsville, KY and the Adairville, KY location there were 61 varieties. ] Merr. Different soybean varieties vary greatly in their nutritional value and composition. This is also medium duration and good for mechanical harvesting. Cercospora leaf blight is a major disease throughout the state. Soybean seed composition and its main components, meal and oil, are the driving forces behind crop production that has increased nearly 350% since 1987 [ 5 ]. 2 -- 91The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparative effect of GMO and non-GMO soybean varieties on yield, protein content, water content, amino acid type, and organoleptic properties on tofu. Wolf R2X is a Roundup Ready 2 Xtend soybean with strong yield potential, excellent seedling vigour and great agronomics. From 2003 to 2016, a total of 251 soybean varieties were approved in China, of which 17. Globally, the. Soybean (Glycine max L. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent viral pathogen in soybean. 48 dS/m). Soybean cultivars play a crucial role. Each soybean variety was harvested when the moisture con-tent was between 8 and 14 percent and yields reported in bushels per acre at 13 percent moisture. com. Wrather, J. 8 gallons of. meticulously tracked by genot ypes EC457286 (1.