bigquery safe divide. Look at "find all two word phrases that appear in more than one row in a dataset". bigquery safe divide

 
Look at "find all two word phrases that appear in more than one row in a dataset"bigquery safe divide  If the subquery returns zero rows, the result is NULL

time_sec ) FROM bigquery-public-data. I would like to update my FTE_YTD Calculation to be a cumulative sum of previous month/s based on CALENDAR_MONTH. If we want to split the string into columns, we have to use the OFFSET (for zero-based indexes) or ORDINAL (for one-based indexes) operator. If the point exists in the array, returns the index of the next larger value. When the water pressure is low, there are minor leaks but everything still works. How to avoid division by 0 in ms-sql select statement? 1. You can make your function more robust using SAFE functions inside a UDF and also make it return default value if it fails like below. SAFE_DIVIDE. SELECT request_count, response_count, (response_count*100) / (request_count) AS proportion FROM total_dummy_table ORDER BY (response_count*100) / (CASE request_count WHEN 0 Then NULL ELSE request_count END) DESC NULLS FIRST. Divides X by Y; this function never fails. They are used in search engines, word processors, text editors, and other popular tools. In this article, I show you how to use this class in your Keras/TensorFlow 2. 50 columns needing IFNULLs), and would much prefer a solution that addresses the null values at the left join level (for the 5 tables). SAFE_DIVIDE. You can construct arrays of simple data types, such as INT64, and complex data types, such as STRUCT s. SUM(Val1 / (1 - (Val2 + Val3))) AS Calc1 Share. You don't need to provision storage resources or reserve units of storage. In BigQuery, you can use a subquery to define the alias: SELECT Flat, Year, (SUM(CASE WHEN EANR = 'Cancelled' THEN USD_amt END) / SUM(SUM(USD_amt)) OVER (PARTITION BY. Result types for Addition and Multiplication: INT64NUMERICFLOAT64. Description. SELECT SAFE_DIVIDE(total_slot_ms, TIMESTAMP_DIFF(end_time, start_time, MILLISECOND)) AS slotCount FROM `<project-name>`. You can then create/manage buckets of slots called reservations and assign projects, folders, or. 5. 2. These applications can. ryanmcdowell closed this as completed in #261 on Aug 29, 2021. I don’t visit greatest and very helpful app like This app in. Also :. BigQuery Reservation API. Watch Now: Google Analytics. Now, applying the limit 100, whilst it does not affect the data scanned, it does reduce the amount of data returned to the client. Constructs a DATE value. This topic lists information about what functions you can use in Spotfire, for example for writing custom expressions and adding calculated columns, when you work with in-database data tables from Google BigQuery. Error: No matching signature for operator / for argument types: STRING, STRING. It returns null if the denominator is zero or either value is null. 2 Answers. One point of clarification for this answer, I'd recommend pointing out that the OP is looking to round down to the nearest 0. Already have an account?想要定期更新某個 Query 的執行結果. The above query will return the percentage of Mike’s for each. Function list. 03 per GB of data copied. min))*4, 0) y FROM UNNEST(v) e))); CREATE TEMP FUNCTION vbar(v ARRAY<FLOAT64>) AS ( barchart(v, (SELECT. Queries that use functions and operators that are not on this list might run more slowly. Federated queries use the BigQuery Connection API to establish a connection with Spanner or Cloud SQL. Checklist This code is. cloud. SAFE_DIVIDE( u. BigQuery is ranked 5th in Cloud Data Warehouse with 25 reviews while Teradata is ranked 3rd in Data Warehouse with 19 reviews. ビッグデータ分析・活用のためのSQLレシピ 4,180. 1 Answer. GoogleSQL is the new name for Google Standard SQL! New name, same great SQL dialect. In this article, we’ll present the functions that BigQuery provides for the use of regular expressions and some useful. In contrast, all inputs to regular functions are evaluated. budget_manager`. answered Nov 28. prefix. Provide details and share your research! But avoid. Using this approach, we were ultimately able to build an agency-level dashboard. しかし、スーパーヒーローが自身のスーパーパワーやその使い方を知っているとは限りません。. subway_ridership_2013_present. Approximate. sku) AS sku, ANY_VALUE (sale_item. How to join multiple table without using a key in bigquery. Aggregate functions. SAFE_DIVIDE LOG10 SAFE_MULTIPLY SAFE_ADD SAFE_SUBSTRACT MOD TRUNC CEIL (X) COS (X) SIN (X) TAN (X). 1 Answer. State, cbs. If Y=0 and X=0, returns NaN. If the subquery returns zero rows, the result is NULL . It returns null if the denominator is zero or either. You can schedule queries to run on a recurring basis. result () # Get the result # Third loop to list the tables and print the result for table in tables: print (' {} size: {}'. In BigQuery, I'm using the default Google Analytics 4 data import tables. 全体の継続率を計測して指標として追うことも大事です(アプリDL時のウォーク. There has been a lot of research into how to distribute the initial starting seeds so that they cover the input space in a way that leads to rapid convergence and do not lead to being trapped in a local minimum. test_te. The BigQuery page has three main sections: The. cast(t2. Some operators, such as IN, ARRAY, and UNNEST, resemble functions, but do not support the SAFE. Google BigQuery is a serverless data warehouse solution that aims to be cost-effective and highly scalable, allowing businesses to analyze large amounts of data. When selecting between Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery, consider factors like performance, scalability, pricing, ease of use, security and integration with existing infrastructure. Rなどは計算処理専門の言語なので、BigQueryより関数も充実し. I would like to avoid a solution that addresses the problem at the column level (e. By using WITH statements, you can break down complex queries into smaller, reusable components, making it easier to understand and debug your. BigQuery’s WITH statement, also known as Common Table Expressions (CTEs), can make your queries more readable and maintainable. Tick history data is an incredible resource for alpha seeking quantitative analysis, data science, and compliance reporting activities. survey_rating >= 9) THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS survey_responses_num_positives. . These data type conversions are explicit, but some conversions can happen implicitly. This is a labour-intensive way of entering the targets, so I want to recreate the table with start and end dates:Returns the current date and time as a timestamp object. HELP TO BEAT 'DIVISION BY ZERO' ERROR - ROUND () Syntax. Using SAFE_DIVIDE Function. Google BigQuery is a. 12. SELECT YEAR, period, DECODE (recd_qty, 0, NULL, round ( (1- sum (rej_qty) / sum (recd_qty))*100, 0)) The WHERE clause would not solve the problem as he is summing recd_qty s before dividing. id t2. 2. Tried to fix using the below query but getting the same result as above. For divisions with BigQuery, you can use SAFE_DIVIDE with ROUND functions (example with 2 digits) : SELECT outbound_calls, total_tasks, ROUND. We can use it in the following way:HELP TO BEAT 'DIVISION BY ZERO' ERROR - ROUND () Syntax. That’s what the SAFE_DIV function is for: select SAFE_DIVIDE(10, 0) null Safe multiplication. Fundamentally, BigQuery is using the S2 index to map a geometry into a 64-bit integer, then BigQuery clusters on that integer using existing integer-based clustering mechanisms. Aggregate functions. The Verdict. to_gbq() function documented here. 0 model to create a tf. If you want to protect your queries from these types of errors, you can use SAFE_CAST. min),(mm. To make sense of the data and create reports, you have to write your own SQL. 168. . num lines in the select with IFNULL(t2. Another possibility is to use SELECT AS STRUCT to define a subquery that selects a single STRUCT type value whose fields are defined by one or more expressions. dbplyr has a series of in-built translations that do the conversion (e. The conversion rate gives mainly null values on values that should no be null, and is the values that are not null are wrong. You can organize query results by date and time by. What is its equivalent in BigQuery Standard Sql? I have tried these commands: I have tried these commands: SELECT float ( author. Here is a situation where you can divide by zero. In BigQuery, I'm using the default Google Analytics 4 data import tables. I am using #standardSQL BigQuery and want to be able to count unique values across columns. 5. . SELECT p. 6. To prevent errors from a division operation, use SAFE_DIVIDE. , without having to issue a BigQuery query). Aggregate functions. dbapi), but I am faced with an issue in that I do not know how to handle passing GEOGRAPHY types as bindings. This contributes to the execution of complex tasks in a timely manner. When plotting the interpolated population we now get the intuitive result that population is concentrated in the city center and density decreases. To simplify navigation, you can add (or pin) BigQuery as a top product in the navigation menu: In the Google Cloud console navigation menu, hold the pointer over BigQuery. Aggregate functions. Merged. CONVERT(type, expr, style) is equivalent to CAST(expr AS type), and the. SAFE_DIVIDE (x, y): Safely divides two numeric values, handling nulls and division by zero gracefully. Count) Percent FROM t, (SELECT Count FROM t WHERE category = 'Total') total. A UDF accepts columns of input, performs actions on the input, and returns the result of those actions as a value. BigQuery BI Engine optimizes the following GoogleSQL functions and operators when connecting business intelligence (BI) tools to BigQuery using custom queries or views. Previous code which worked fine: SELECT COUNT(CASE WHEN (survey_responses. I put together a safe-divide function as we do a lot of dividing with our invoice data, and it saves from having to add conditionalized fluff when building our queries. num, 0). This capability selectively masks column level data at query time based on the defined masking rules, user roles and privileges. Alternately, if the buckets are regular -- you could just divide and cast to an integer:. For example, SAFE_CAST or SAFE_SUBSTR We reviewed 3 ways to. I'm trying to upload a pandas. signature and are classified based on their use cases: i would like to divide two colums in Bigquery. SAFE_DIVIDE (x, y): Safely divides two numeric values, handling nulls and division by zero gracefully. There are also different types of operations that can be applied to these numbers. That way, we match user&month combinations with user&previous-month to see if it's a returning user. Session acquisition dimensions can be found here. js Python. Click on the query you want to explore to see the results. safe_divide처럼 0으로 나눌때 nan을 반환해서 편리할 수 있지만, 0이 아닌 수를 0으로 나눌때 inf를 반환하기에 개인적으로는 평상시에는 잘 사용하지 않는다. 4 by multiplying by 100. I'm looking at calculating the number of inventory turns that occur in a three month period. prefix. What I used for this example is a public dataset in BigQuery called Chicago taxi trips. 12471081312336843)') as. id), 1, 0)), COUNT(id) ) AS PKSuccessRate FROM `soccer. SELECT actiontimestamp, medium, source, sessions, ROUND(SAFE_DIVIDE(pageviews, sessions), 0) AS pages_per_session, CASE WHEN sessions = 0 THEN 0 ELSE. Finding the last day of a. Enrich a single customer view with online behavioral data collected by Google Analytics 4. I will update answer. In this dataset I'd like to get data like sessions, bouncerates, new users but most importantly, conversion rates. I hope BigQuery Standard SQL documentation will be as good as your recent related answers! I really like those examples! Thank you Elliott!! – Mikhail Berlyant. Providing metrics such as pageviews, unique pageviews, average time on page, entrances, exits, etc. When executing the query, my results present as negative numbers, which according to the. The syntax of NULLIF function: NULLIF (expression1, expression2) if expression1 = expression2 then it will return NULL, otherwise it will return expression1. You can test / play with it using dummy data from your question. die BigQuery-Funktion SAFE_DIVIDE() In meinen ersten BigQuery Queries habe ich immer ein / benutzt, weil es funktioniert hat und ich gar nicht wusste, dass es dafür eine separate Funktion gibt. It's likely the bulk of your query time. SELECT col1 ,col2 ,col3 FROM tbl1 as t1 JOIN t2 ON t1. 0. Masking eliminates the need to. Here is the full query with example data. job. This page describes how to schedule recurring queries in BigQuery. Data keeps changing all the time so you need to test the values before you divide. You partition tables by specifying a partition column which is used to segment. js library via BigQuery UDF with external libraries. Use BigQuery as a. Below are the list of SAFE Functions available in Bigquery. zipcode_area` a LEFT JOIN `bigquery-public-data. Bigquery safe_divide - This post is a collection of the most useful BigQuery SQL functions that offer ways to overcome common select SAFE_DIVIDE(10, 0) null. A series of pre-designed libraries for Google APIs. id as string) = t3. 2. In this dataset I'd like to get data like sessions, bouncerates, new users but most importantly, conversion rates. Each sub-task performs two steps: Building a query. dep) as grow_rate However, I am inclined to use NULLIF(), which is a standard SQL function:To handle the errors from bigquery I have used - job. ”. One aproach to deal with division by zero is to use NULLIF. In the above example, we have used the NULLIFROUND function to round off the result to one decimal place. I have a table in bigquery with more than 50 million rows. I am trying to get a benchmark dataset in BigQuery. 255. This is a flexible and useful Java Client Library you can use to access any HTTP-based API on the web. Step 2: Once logged in, go to the Explorer panel, and expand your Google BigQuery project. 5. g. You can then create/manage buckets of slots called projects, folders, or organizations to use the slots in these reservations. AVG, COUNT, COUNTIF, LOGICAL_AND, LOGICAL_OR, MAX, MIN, STRING_AGG, SUM. Share. . With p ersistent UDF support in BigQuery, now you can: Create user-defined SQL and JavaScript functions. Aggregate functions. Step 3: Further, expand the Saved queries. id = t3. まだご存知ないかもしれない BigQuery のスーパーパワー トップ 10 をご紹介します。. Go to BigQuery. Finally, let’s look at some useful BigQuery math functions. 5. Google Cloud Platform has introduced an alternative BigQuery storage billing model based on the physical compressed storage of data rather than the logical data that is the default model. BigQuery supports multi-statement transactions inside a single query, or across multiple queries when using sessions. But a single stage might spike to 2000 slots. SELECT h3, ANY_VALUE(h3geo) as hex_geo, SUM(SAFE_DIVIDE(intersection_h3,cbg_area) * total_pop) as h3_pop FROM geom_overlap GROUP BY h3. Go to BigQuery. My current SQL returns the below results based on some calculations for Workdays Month and YTD and FTE Month and YTD. To avoid this, you can use SAFE_CAST. In the Explorer panel, expand your project and select a dataset. 1. Click add_box Compose a new query. And with BigQuery ML, you can create and execute machine learning models using standard SQL queries. Special Mention: BigQuery also has SAFE_ADD, SAFE_SUBTRACT, SAFE_MULTIPLY, and SAFE_NEGATE functions that will return a null value if an overflow occurs. To start using BigQuery, you create a project to host your data, and then you enable billing. データポータルでの BigQuery の GEOGRAPHY ポリゴンのサポートにより、階級区分図で任意のポリゴンを可視化できるようになりました。GEOGRAPHY フィールドが含まれている BigQuery データに接続すると、地理空間データとして認識されます。SELECT COUNT (field1), bucket FROM ( SELECT field1, CASE WHEN age >= 0 AND age < 10 THEN 1 WHEN age >= 10 AND age < 20 THEN 2 WHEN age >= 20 AND age < 30 THEN 3. For example, if you wanted to divide two columns, a and b, you would use the following query: SELECT a / NULLIF (b, 0) FROM table_name; This query will return the result of a / b. Divide this result by the same figure used in step 1. AVG, COUNT, COUNTIF, LOGICAL_AND, LOGICAL_OR, MAX, MIN, STRING_AGG, SUM. Partitioning tables in BigQuery is another way of how to optimize your data storage. SQL NULLIF Function not working around divisor. “Safe” functions like this one are often useful for calculated fields that are generated by performing operations on columns that may contain NULL or 0 values. Is it safe to become separated from your passport in a foreign country? ~乙女ならばともかく: Translation and grammar issue more hot questions. Innovate, optimize and amplify your SaaS applications using Google's data and machine learning solutions such as BigQuery, Looker, Spanner and Vertex AI. К примеру SAFE_DIVIDE(X,Y)=x/y и если y=0, то оператор вернет null. INFORMATION_SCHEMA. -- This is important to know when estimating number of slots to purchase. Here's an example that you can test: SAFE_DIVIDE Description. 168. New customers get $300 in free credits to spend on BigQuery. 2 Answers. SAFE_ADD function Syntax SAFE_ADD(X, Y) Convert your code online to Bigquery. table` if to apply to sample data in your question - output is ShareThis topic lists information about what functions you can use in Spotfire, for example for writing custom expressions and adding calculated columns, when you work with in-database data tables from Google BigQuery. Company. So long as you're not attached to keeping the min/max timestamps for each day. You seem to have data with one row per state, so you only need a JOIN. Click push_pin Pin. max-mm. 現在、承認済みのビューを利用してこうしたユースケースに対応しているお客様は、RLS を活用する. , COUNT(id) AS numPKAtt, SUM(IF(101 IN UNNEST(tags. Aggregate functions. Args: numerator. census_bureau_usa. divide-by-zero; or ask your own question. Entire maps and routes can be built automatically with the data from BigQuery tables. Create BigQuery-table via Python BQ API:4. BigQuery best practices every Data Engineer should know: The Data Engineer’s Guide. When getting started in BigQuery—or with any new schema—it’s good to do a little testing a. To prevent errors from a division operation, use SAFE_DIVIDE. dispatch(). To randomly split a data set, we can use the RAND () function. 継続率は通常 登録日からn日後にユーザーがプロダクトを利用してくれているか を計測する指標です. You can use this (over-expressive) way: select IF (noOfGirls=0, NULL, round (noOfBoys/noOfGirls)) as ration from student; Which will put out NULL if there are no girls, which is effectively what 0/0 should be in SQL semantics. dataset. Therefore, the query would not show the desired effect after 30th of August 2022. Step-by-step instructions for how to create shapefiles from BigQuery results. A window function includes an OVER clause, which defines a window of rows around the row. 10. table_id,table. SQL bq. GCP BIGQUERY YTD CUMILATIVE SUM BASED on MONTH. For two vectors (stored as arrays) a and b , 1 - ML. AVG, COUNT, COUNTIF, LOGICAL_AND, LOGICAL_OR, MAX, MIN, STRING_AGG, SUM. Some operators, such as IN, ARRAY, and UNNEST, resemble functions, but do not support the SAFE. I'm pretty new to SQL and Google BigQuery, so forgive me if this is a really stupid question. github_repos. BigQuery BI Engine optimizes the following GoogleSQL functions and operators when connecting business intelligence (BI) tools to BigQuery using custom queries or views. To prevent errors from casting, use SAFE_CAST. But soon this warning won’t be necessary. 8 for example, and that will represent 80% of our data. data Dataset. Gordon Linoff Gordon Linoff. Depending on why you are dividing, sometimes yielding an infinity rather than exploding is perfectly reasonable. The most important event tracking dimensions and metrics for GA360 BigQuery export, like event category, event action, event label and unique events. In this query, the CASE statement returns null when the value in column2 is 0, effectively handling division by zero without returning. Part of. Within the tfe_codelab dataset you just created,. cast(t3. SPLIT function example in BigQuery. In BigQuery, the SAFE_ prefix is used as a way to perform safe operations on potentially null or problematic data, preventing errors that might occur with traditional SQL operations. Overview of the BigQuery page. I have a simple table with two columns Bin_name (int) and Count_in_this_bin (int) I want to convert it to the ratio of each bin to the total count in all bins. We have large Big query Datasets where user can run the queries on various table from different datasets. You only pay for the amount of storage that you use. For example SELECT prix /. I am trying to divide turnover/weight and weight in some cases is in the '0. Divides X by Y; this function never fails. Currently we have limited slots in our GCP project. format (table. 1. FROM `bigquery-public-data. Approximate. 1. This topic lists information about what functions you can use in Spotfire, for example for writing custom expressions and adding calculated columns, when you work with in-database data tables from Google BigQuery. Look at the below example. This also means that * the BigQuery Autoscaler (if used) will not be able to predict the execution of this query. Using BigQuery to do a subquery on a date array. Operators, such as + and =, do not support the SAFE. In your query you created join with t2 table but t3 and t4 table names are not given in join. 3', '0. AVG, COUNT, COUNTIF, LOGICAL_AND, LOGICAL_OR, MAX, MIN, STRING_AGG, SUM. The first step in this project, as with most data science tasks, was to gather the data first. hours: Number of worked hours by the employee. 1 Last week you didn't have the same data? The error itself is quite obvious, you're dividing with zero. status = 'clicked'), COUNTIF(properties. start_ms)) AS jobstage_max_slots, -- Check if there's a job that. Best Practice: It is a best practice. This topic lists information about what functions you can use in Spotfire, for example for writing custom expressions and adding calculated columns, when you work with in-database data tables from Google BigQuery. Provide details and share your research! But avoid. OPTIONS. To harness its full potential and ensure an… Open in appBigQuery is a cloud based data warehousing tool that lets you store and analyze petabytes of data at lightning speed. CostByState cbs ON p. weekly_capacity/25200, 1) AS TargetDailyHours If I don't solve this I may just have to write all the logic within data studio as the current workflow is Harvest -> Stitch-> Bigquery->data studio BigQuery Storage Write API: This is the cost of using storage write API in BigQuery. Featured on Meta Update: New Colors Launched. The table storage views give you a convenient way to observe your current. SELECT SAFE_DIVIDE (SUM (r), SUM (n)) FROM discount)); 順序が進むほど(ランキングが下がるほど?)$frac{1}{log_2i+1}$でディスカウントして足し合わせて正規化するだけ. AVG, COUNT, COUNTIF, LOGICAL_AND, LOGICAL_OR, MAX, MIN, STRING_AGG, SUM. Follow asked Feb 3 at 8:57. So, let's start with some useful BigQuery functions related to time. You will get to know more about that in the subsequent sections. You can adjust the @Return to a different data. The service provides application developers an API that allows application data to be synchronized across clients (users. Share. g. You can adjust both the mean (mean variable) or the sd (variance variable) and the x-axis values (GENERATE_ARRAY(beginning,end,step)) : For non-partitioned tables, the number of bytes processed is calculated as follows: q = The sum of bytes processed by the DML statement itself, including any columns referenced in tables scanned by the DML statement. In this second part of the BigQuery data alert article series (), we considered making the alert message more informative using temp tables, functions, and dynamic SQL. The diagram below shows the ways that the BigQuery web console and Jupyter Notebook and BigQuery Python client interact with the BigQuery jobs engine. I have a quick question on Round () Syntax. Note that S2 coverings can overlap, as it is often impossible to divide data into non-overlapping regions. . BigQueryはビッグデータを扱える高速安価なデータウェアハウスとして知られているが、. A partitioned table is divided into segments, called partitions, that make it easier to manage and query your data. Basically the prefix SAFE_ can be added to other BigQuery functions to handle errors. zipcode = b. Running and saving the query output as a table. In 2016, Google BigQuery introduced a new way to communicate with tables: Standard SQL. ビッグデータ分析・活用のためのSQLレシピ 4,180. SAFE_NEGATE (x. You can also use != 0 in place of <>0 or use the SAFE_DIVIDE function . Temporary policy: Generative AI (e. If you only need one dimension or metric. Approximate. INFORMATION_SCHEMA. sh shell script found in the lib directory of the MicroStrategy installation directory (where the driver file, libbigqueryodbc_sb64. The current exception to this is the ARRAY data type because arrays of arrays are not supported. Data partitioning in BigQuery is the process of dividing a large table into smaller, more manageable pieces called partitions. Open the BigQuery page in the Google Cloud console. The sample code is as follow:Cosine distance (as well as Euclidean and Manhattan distances) are now native functions in BigQuery. BigQuery needs to wait for the source database to execute the external query and temporarily move data from the external data source to BigQuery. Because of the low cost of BigQuery storage, you don't need to optimize your tables for cost as you would in a relational database system. Try this: We would like the split to work on fields it can work on - and simply yield a NULL value for the second field when it cannot. Use BigQuery as a Data. Below is the correct query. Yes, no problem! It seems like you have been quick to catch on to standard SQL as well :) We'll be continuing to improve the documentation as we move. Using SAFE_DIVIDE Function The. In our example, CEIL ( n) = 1824. LOGICAL_AND. We would like the split to work on fields it can work on - and simply yield a NULL value for the second field when it cannot. The cost is $0. BigQuery Data Transfer Service pricing examples. I suspect it is because you are not excluding unengaged sessions (which do not have engagement time) in your formula. Enter a valid SQL query. And there is no such function SAFE in Spark. Use built-in ML/AI and BI for insights at scale. Unsupported variable type: STRUCT<INT64>Tip 2: Partition and Cluster your Tables. Below are the list of SAFE Functions available in Bigquery. g. It can be hard to make sense of the data in the BigQuery export tables. `<dataset-region>`. We want to have quota limit for our user at Dataset level, i. SELECT cast ( author. カテゴリ内の関数の並び順. dep - al19921231. When this interval is big enough (14d+), the INT64 is transformed to a power of 10. A multi-statement transaction lets you perform mutating operations, such as inserting or deleting rows on one or more tables, and either commit or roll back the changes atomically. Function returns null instead of a &#39;divide by z. 3. I previously was using a CASE WHEN function but wanted to change it to an IF as there is only one case. You seem to have data with one row per state, so you only need a JOIN. To prevent errors during the divide operation, consider using SAFE_DIVIDE or IEEE_DIVIDE.