Successful Design of OC-48/2. The smaller the dielectric loss factor of the substrate is, the smaller the attenuation of signal propagation will be. Spacing between the radar antennas and the radome:PTFE-based ceramic-polymer dielectric composites have been widely researched in the communication field due to their good processing, wide range frequency and temperature stability and being able to provide tunable dielectric constant in a scale. 2. k. Permittivity and loss tangent of the composite substrates were measured at X-band frequency region (8. 059 and 0. Another blended polymer prepared from PEEK and PTFE (PEEK/PTFE-5) possessed a dielectric constant of 3. 1 and a loss tangent<0. 5 GHz show that the 3D printed PTFE maintains the favorable dielectric properties of traditionally processed PTFE. To achieve polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites for high-frequency applications with low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss tangent and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), a novel pentafluorostyrene (PFS) interface modifier was used to achieve excellent performance for SiO 2 /PTFE composite materials. 0003 which is stable over a wide range of frequencies [5]. The loss tangent is given by:. 5 × 10 −4, 3 GHz). Losses are of two. 02 and a loss tangent of 0. The low dielectric constant and low loss tangent make SiO 2 a very low-loss material for microwaves. fiber reinforced PTFE laminates yet it has a loss tangent that is lower than traditional chopped fiber reinforced laminates. 1: Permittivity of Some Common Materials is shared under a CC BY-SA 4. Material datasheets and PCB manufacturers commonly refer to this signal loss as the dissipation factor (Df). ThunderClad 3+ laminates also exhibit excellent moisture resistance, improved CTE, superior. Polymer-based composite was investigated by embedding calcium copper titanate (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12; CCTO) fillers into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix. It can be seen that the PTFE/recycled BRS composite shows a lower dielectric constant, loss tangent, moisture absorption and CTE than the. Manipulating dielectric properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an important consideration for flexible, low-loss device design. 1) Specification Sheet (see 1. However, the main disadvantage of PTFE is the negative temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (τ ε ∼-400 ppm/°C) making it difficult to be used in microwave circuit devices. 019 0. 100 ±0. Effect of membrane wetting on the performance of PVDF and PTFE membranes in the concentration of pomegranate juice through osmotic distillation. 4 Run the test and record the average permittivity and loss over the narrow frequency range sweep. Using precision control of the fiberglass/PTFE ratio, CuClad laminates offer a range of choices from the lowest dielectric constant and loss tangent to a more highly reinforced laminate with better dimensional. 24 3. Other properties such as electrical, mechanical, physical, thermal and chemical resistance are listed as well as properties particular to the various forms such as films, fibres a. BNT/PTFE. 1: Z-Axis CTE: 50 to 260°C, (Total Expansion) 2. And XPS, FITR, and TGA results indicate that the coupling agent has been grafted on the GF surface successfully, as shown in Fig. Support Center Find answers to questions about products, access, use, setup, and administration. 5 RT Duroid RT Duroid is Glass Microfiber Reinforced PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) composite produced by Roger Corporation. The loss tangent values are what you’d expect compared to typical FR4 materials (about a factor 10 lower), and these materials have high decomposition temperatures compared to typical FR4 laminates. I am. View Article. 4 (a) closely follows the profile of in Fig. 2. Resonac believes these properties are greatly affected by the difference in scattering loss. Electrical strength. P. 2 dB with a thickness of 2. The first column on the left sums-up the basic data of virgin PTFE G400, in order to compare with the values of the. - lbs. ( CC BY-SA 4. in terms of the loss tangent • Loss increases directly proportional to frequency 30 C G D. 0003, and it also has a relatively high service temperature (∼250 °C) [14], [15]. 5. 0018 while. Measurements on PTFE versus frequency have shown that for this material both real part of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are practically constant in frequency range of 100 MHz-20 GHz. 09 (TDS); whereas the loss tangent angles are ~7. TheFebruary 27, 2020. Wide dielectric constant range available: 2. 004 to 0. Phys. 2. To convert between the two frequencies, the following holds: ω = 2π ⋅ f with angular frequency ω in rad/s, circle constant π = 3. 6dB/in @ 56GHz 50GHz • Megtron 6 25dB loss is 12. 2. In general, the dielectric loss tangent of composites remains a very low level, i. The raw materials used were PTFE aqueous dispersion (TE-3865C, DuPont, USA) and fused amorphous SiO 2 powder (≥99. Most plastics have relatively lower dissipation factor at room temperature. us. 3 GHz and 5. A list of typical properties of Tefzel® is shown in Table 1. POLYFLON PTFE F-Series, fine powder series is a fine powder resin designed for paste-extrusion. 1 Therefore, PTFE-based substrate materials are commonly fabricated by lling withIndustrial Plastics & Machine can offer an extremely wide range of skived tapes, sheets, extruded and moulded rods and tubes, in virgin PTFE as well as compounded from G series. The randomly oriented microfibers result in exceptional dielectric constant uniformity. The mass loss of 10. Unlike PTFE based microwave materials, no special through-hole treatments or handling procedures are required. Loss Tangent 0. RT/duroid® 5870 and 5880 glass microfiber reinforced PTFE composites are designed for exacting stripline and mi crostrip circuit applications. PTFE has dielectric constant of 2. Therefore, to low the dielectric loss of the composite, the silane coupling agent F8261, which is similar to PTFE and has a long C–F chain, was chosen as a surface modifier to hydrophobized the GF. 1 Understanding Dielectric Constant and Loss tangent on Radome and Antenna Design誘電正接（ゆうでんせいせつ、dissipation factorあるいはLoss tangent）とは、誘電体内での電気エネルギー損失の度合いを表す数値である。 その定義から「タンジェント・デルタ」、あるいは略して「タンデルタ」「タンデル」と呼ぶこともある。PTFE is a semi-crystalline non-polar polymer whose main chain is [CF 2-CF 2] n . Loss tangent (tanδ) or dissipation factor (Df): The loss tangent or dissipation factor is the tangent of the phase angle between the resistive and reactive currents in the dielectric. RO3003™ laminates consist of PTFE with ceramic filler. 00022. 6 to 1. 2. Loss tangent: '' tan C ' es d e we == (6. 4". 2. The real value of permittivity increases almost linearly with the filler volume, while the imaginary value only increases slightly. The permittivity and loss tangent are measured using a narrow sweep of frequency around the target or desired frequency. Industry Leading, Standard Loss, Thermally Robust Epoxy Laminate and Prepreg Tg 180°C Td 340°C Dk 4. 7. PTFE L-5 and PTFE JH-220 powders showed good dispersion in the PBS matrix, and PTFE FA-500 powder underwent fibrillation during the melt blending process. 2-2. 1E-4 @3 GHz. Thermally, solid PTFE dielectrics have a sharp knee in their CTE profile around room temperature. The radome material choice, such as fiberglass, PTFE-coated fabric, and polycarbonate, is generally dependent on the targeted application environmental use. Variation of density and dielectric constant with respect to weight fraction of fused silica in the PTFE matrix is shown in Fig. Dielectric Loss (see 1. The loss tangent is slightly high at a higher volume concentration of CB; also, the same effect is observed at a higher frequency range. 3. Loss tangent (tanδ): 0. Among these, PTFE is the most preferred matrix for microwave applications because of its low loss tangent, stable dielectric constant, good chemical resistance and high operating temperature. 4" L=10. 1 FILTRATION Selecting the Best Filter for Your Application Choosing a filter does not have to be complicated – Corning has simplified the process. The MEGTRON 7 family, including MEGTRON 7(N), MEGTRON 7(GE) and. Chemically, the dielectric material is exceptionally inert, offering excellent resistance to many chemicals. PolyEthylene, DE-3401. 0009), moisture absorption (0. 003 - 1015 1016. Because RO4350B is processed using a standard epoxy resin/glass (FR-4) process, it also has a low line processing cost. Tapes, sheets and finished products can be supplied etched. It is indicated that dielectric permittivity ( ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ. Despite relatively high signal loss and low thermal rating, FR1 PCB offered a low-cost material choice. Key applications include long antennas and radar applications for automobiles, such. DiClad 527 laminates offer a higher ratio of fiberglass reinforcement to PTFE content. Loss tangent approximation is good only over 1 frequency decade Attempt to approximate benchmark wideband Debye (WD) model with 2-pole Debye model (points specified at 1 GHz and 10 GHz) Effective dielectric constant and effective loss tangent correspond to actual dielectric DK and LTLoss Tangent . Ca 0. 8 Loss Tangent 0. /in. Low dielectric loss and low-cost recycled borosilicate (BRS) glass-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were fabricated for microwave substrate applications. B. Nonetheless, the challenge to conduct proton from the anode during the increased temperature because of water dissipation appears to be a major drawback for the Nafion [39, 40]. Novel high dielectric constant and low loss PTFE/CNT composites. The fluororesin contains the material PTFE and the component ratio of the liquid crystal polyester to the fluororesin is 30–95/5–70. 05 and loss tangent of 0. An intermediate layer is often used between PTFE and copper to improve the adhesion, but using these layers is a tradeoff because they increase insertion losses. 2021, 11, 6813 7 of 9. 2. 05 0. 006) as well as excellent mechanical properties. Helping to maintain the Dk uniformity are the randomly oriented microfibers reinforcing the. 5 Repeat 5. 5-10. Some PTFE-based PCB materials that offer low Dk may be available as unreinforced laminates, meaning they do not have a fiberglass weave reinforcement. , 584 (2019), pp. Accurate measurement of the permittivity and loss tangent of low-loss materials is essential due to their special applications in the field of ultra large scale integrated circuits and microwave devices. 7. , the maximum dielectric loss tangent is 0. Loss tangent can be calculated using the following formula:. 1, we see loss tangent can equivalently be calculated as. 004–0. Where relevant, this includes physical properties, thermal properties, B-H curves, core loss data, frequency dependent permittivity and frequency-dependent loss tangent – enabling more exact analysis for key classes of electromagnetic simulation. - Suitable for high-frequency electric wires since both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent are small - Coefficient of friction is so small that it can gain the excellent slipperiness. Materials with a low loss tangent and low relative permittivity are essential for the next. Unlike PTFE based high performance materials, RO4000 series laminates do not require specialized via preparation processes such as sodium etch. 8 cm, but the columns were 25 cm long with the same internal diameter. 7 Loss tangent: 0. Rogers materials have high parameters (loss tangent, dielectric constant, etc. Known by such. 009: BETTER Dielectric Constant 3. This isn't much, but it is about 1/4% drop in power for every wavelength, which isn't. 4 for all desired frequencies. 0 mm. The dielectric loss which is also an important parameter for the circuit application of composite substrates was affected by the loss tangent of each component and the manufacture process. 6 ppm per °C). It is a measure of the amount of energy loss from the material due to an external electric field. 4. Low-loss, high frequency advanced materials with well-controlled dielectric properties to enable microwave and RF applications, including mobile networks. PTFE has low dielectric constant ε ′ r ∼ 2. The decrement in filler size from 106 μm to 25 μm also increased the mean dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites from 2. 04; Low thermal coefficient of Dk at 12 ppm/°C; Dissipation factor of. 5 GHz. SrTiO 3 /PB composite exhibits a high dielectric constant of 21. 4. 5-10. The loss tangent tan d is called tan delta, tangent loss or dissipation factor. Each experimental setup has three main parts: water reservoir, DNAPL reservoir and main column (porous medium). 3) tan δ = ε ″ ε ″ The dielectric constant ( ε ′) represents a measure of the ability of a material to be polarized by an external electric field. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a strong, tough, waxy, nonflammable synthetic resin produced by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. 1. 1 rad/s to 100 rad/s in Fig. These laminates should form the. Loss tangent values ranging from . This increase is expected since glass has a higher Dk than LCP. Relaxation loss results from polarization of the material and the transfer of energy to the lattice of the material as the electric field. This may be attributed to the non-uniform distribution of conductive particles. 2. S2 . The dielectric performances of the composite were investigated within the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Example 6-layer stackup with a PTFE laminate on the outer layer and FR4 laminates on inner/bottom layers. 00155 whereas for nano Sm2Si2O7 composites with same volume fraction the values. The dielectric loss is reported in terms of the loss angle (δ), which has units of milliradians. 305), decreased dielectric loss (9. RT/duroid 5880 laminates has a low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dielectric loss, making them well suited for high frequency/broadband applications. 2. RT/duroid® high frequency circuit materials are filled PTFE (random glass or ceramic) composite laminates for use in high reliability, aerospace and defense applications. The dielectric loss tangent tends to increase near 1 MHz, which is related to the dielectric relaxation process of PTFE matrix. PTFE), which is commonly used as a dielectric, has a loss tangent of 0. This family of advanced laminates offers exceptional electrical and mechanical stability. 14) The term tan d is called loss tangent (dissipation factor or loss factor) and it represents Fluoropolymer film provides low-loss dielectric constant loss tangent; Low moisture absorption for consistent performance; RoHS Compliant; The fluoropolymer in Pyralux® TK is chemically similar to the PTFE fluoropolymer utilized in rigid high speed laminates and standard procedures to drill and activate such boards should be applicable. 7 k’ =dielectricconstantofsample C o =cellvacuumcapacitance=C 1/k a k Dissipation factor indicates the inefficiency of material to hold energy or behave as an insulating material. Ceram. 12 at 100 Hz). Test Methods The loss tangent is then defined as the ratio (or angle in a complex plane) of the lossy reaction to the electric field E in the curl equation to the lossless reaction: Solution for the electric field of the electromagnetic wave is where: ω is the angular frequency of the wave, and λ is the wavelength in the dielectric material. PTFE Standard Compound. PTFE loss tangent AFM study: (a). 15 to 4. 4 a–b. Dielectric constant (Dk) of 2. At 80% relative air humidity, chemically modified jute fabrics have 38–179% and 1. The cells were 5. Loss IPC TM-650 2. These substrates use direct bond copper (DBC. 001 to 0. The loss tangent of SU-8 is also given in Fig. PTFE has dielectric constant of 2. 1, low dielectric loss tangent∼10 −4) and excellent thermal stability [19]. Dielectric ceramics and substrates are electrical insulators with dielectric strength, dielectric constant and loss tangent values tailored for specific device or circuit applications. for most PTFE based laminates. Polyolefin, irradiated. 2)×10 -4 around 84GHz. 4. , their dielectric constants are not dependent of the frequency as electronic polarization is instantaneous regardless of frequency. Loss tangent presuming only ohmic (conduction) loss is given by Equation 3. 6” • PTFE (Teflon) 25dB loss is 22. 0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Steven W. Sci. It can be seen from the figure that density increases. Loss Tangent. The mixture was dried on a PTFE film at room temperature, and at 90 C for 30min. 55 Nd 0. The metallic parts, i. (PTFE, Teflon, in Russian - Ftoroplast) PTFE is a white, hard and heavy plastic. 2. The PTFE loaded with 0. This material is a rigid, thermosetoscillation amplitude on the measured loss tangent values of a PTFE sample is shown. It is a hemispherical skin of microwave-transparent material of radius R and thickness t, supporting a pressure difference, Δp between its inner and outer surfaces. 4 to 3. 40 Glass Transition (Tg) >280 170 - ˚C TMA A - IPC-TM-650 2. 2E-4 @100 MHz. 7–5. Megtron 6 provides designers significant benefits in system performance for telecommunications applications, routers/switching equipment, high-speed transfer and computing applications. 25% of dielectric weight. This can be further understood by referring below to the dis-cussions on moisture absorption and anisotropy. 002. 83 × 10 −3 and ~3. The effect of surface treatment on the morphology, thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of PTFE-based composites is investigated. 24. 6 for the entire band while loss tangent varies from 0. The volume ratio between the liquid sample and glass tube is 0. Polymers are important dielectric materials that are often used for a wide range of applications, including high-energy-density capacitors 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, high-voltage cables 10. 85 at 20 GHz (Fig. To achieve polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites for high-frequency applications with low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss tangent and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), a novel pentafluorostyrene (PFS) interface modifier was used to achieve excellent performance for SiO 2 /PTFE composite materials. 6 (c)), which was due to the porous structure formed by the volatilization of additives during sintering. RT/duroid 5880 laminates has a low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dielectric loss, making them well suited for high frequency/broadband applications. In loss tangent AFM, the AFM cantilever is excited, similar to amplitude modulation AFM (also known as tapping mode); however, the observable aspects are used to extract dissipative and conservative energies per cycle of oscillation. The first column on the left sums-up the basic data of virgin PTFE G400, in order to compare with the values of the. The loss tangent for FR4 also varies with frequency, increasing rapidly up to about 100 KHz and then increasing steadily up to about 100 GHz. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a totally fluorinated polymer which is white, semi-opaque, and semi-crystalline. Exceptional product support and product quality. Rogers TC350 laminates are printed circuit board substrates comprised of PTFE, highly thermally conductive ceramic fillers and woven glass reinforcement. 5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 19 15 X ppm/˚C --55˚C to 288˚C IPC TM-650 2. 59%, the loss tangent was slightly enhanced due to pore-induced polarization. 7 PMMA Loss tangent 0. Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum. The lower the dissipation factor, the more efficient is the insulator system. In a view to achieve high dielectric constant, rutile titania (ε r ∼ 100) was used as the particulate filler. Again, referring to Table 1, four types of PTFE-based materials are considered in this paper; pure PTFE, PTFEGM (glass filled), T05 and T99. 8" L=8. 3 to 10. Therefore, 2 dB will reduce the maximum detection distance by about 11 percent. Electrically, Tefzel® is an excellent low-loss dielectric, with a uniformity of electrical properties not normally found with other thermoplastics. And the spherical particles are advantageous to increase the ceramic volume fraction [2]. 1 50-170 - 0. 0011, respectively, while it. The composites were prepared through a dry powder processing technique by dispersing different micron sizes (25 µm, 45 µm, 63 µm, 90 µm, and 106 µm) of the. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA, TA Q850) was performed in tensile mode. Industry leading dielectric constant & thickness tolerance for commercial PTFE materials. 2. 60, low electrical loss of tan δ from 0. If it absorbs energy from loss tangent then you suffer on transmission loss and return loss and hence sensitivity. mmWave77 RF/Microwave low loss controlled dielectric materials exhibit exceptional dimensional stability, chemical resistance, low moisture absorption, and copper peel strength. PTFE also has a very low loss tangent with a typical value of tan δ = 4 × 10 −4 , which decreases by a factor of 2-3 from 300 K down to 4 K [51, 52]. Products Why Isola Why Isola Materials Quality. The core materials that they provide constitute properties of high frequency like Teflon (PTFE). 17 to 2. The fiberglass reinforced TLY-3FF has been engineered to provide the dimensional stability typical of the standard fiberglass reinforcedTo further investigate the impact of the foaming temperature on the dielectric-loss and magnetic-loss capabilities, tangent loss values, tan. 5 Surface properties 44 3. 6648. 3 Properties under impact stress 40 3. ECCOSTOCK HIK500F is a low loss stock with adjusted dielectric constants up to 30 and over 200°c temperature resistance. % filler loading. Invented by Dr. 5 THz to 0. Most microwave materials have dielectric constant between 2. 8 THz. The imaginary part is zero for lossless materials and is also known as loss factor. SFR can be applied to low-roughness copper foil, whereas PTFE can only. from publication: Flexible Wearable Composite. In the design of the. 7 and 3. For example, Rogers 3003 is one example of a very low loss tangent laminate with very smooth copper, and it is available without glass reinforcement. This paper presents a complete set of experimental data consisting of storage modulus, tan δ, loss modulus, relaxation modulus and creep compliance for these materials under isothermal. The conclusions demonstrate that the method of surface fluorination of glass fibers offers. The coefficient of sliding friction between PTFE and many engineering materials is extremely low and when sintered with wear reducing compounds, an industrially important class of bearing materials are formed. However, the application of PTFE was hindered by its high CTE (∼400 ppm/ o C) due to its room temperature phase transformation. It can be seen that PTFE–Mg 2 SiO 4 nanocomposites shows higher loss tangent as compared to corresponding microcomposites. View attachment 75187 Ideal may be quartz over alumina or ceramic substrate in non PTFE materials which are predicted to triple in next few years, but you did not specify budget constraints. When δ is low valued then it is related to loss tangent (the ratio of imaginary and real parts of permittivity) by δ ≈ tanδ ×103 milliradians. The loss tangent for ptfe is about 0. Rogers RO3000 high frequency circuit materials are ceramic-filled PTFE composites intended for use in commercial microwave and RF applications. You can expect significant performance variations from one assembly to the next. 37 shows an idealized radome. 20%), with the actual measured value ranging from 2. 17. 94 +/- . Polytetra uoroethylene (PTFE) has an extremely low dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent among uoropolymers, as well as excellent chemical resistance, weather resistance, and heat. 13. 84 while the loss tangent reaches 1. The conductivity of PTFE/CNT (5 wt%) nanofiber membranes reached 1. In a lossy dielectric there can be both current flow and relaxation loss. Thus moisture absorption should be as low as possible. PCB cores and laminates are similar and, in some ways, quite different. This enables superior reliability and reduced operating temperatures in high power. 51, 0. 5 × 10⁻³ at microwave frequencies (around 10 GHz). Rick Lovelady. 005 for 40 vol. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the CLST/PTFE composites were measured by using a vector network analyzer (Agilent, HP8722ET, America) at 10 GHz. RF & Microwave Design Guide 8 Chapters - 44 Pages - 60 Minute Read . had the lowest loss tangent compared to the other three textiles that were used for antenna fabrication. Chen, K. 8°,. 1 and small loss tangent of 0. 5. 5 V. Loss Tangent: A. Unlike PTFE based high performance materials, RO4000 series laminates do not require specialized via preparation processes such as sodium etch. material. 41 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 17 18 Y ppm/˚C --55˚C to 288˚C IPC TM-650 2. The effect of loss tangent. 018;. 5 ¥ 10-3 at 60 GHz which exhibits significant impact on total loss in mm-Wave device but the processing for PTFE is also known to be difficult. 008 87 Loss modulus (MPa) 336 ±70 375 ±83 Storage modulus (GPa) 3. Values presented here are relative dielectric constants. When the testing frequency is increased to 1 kHz, β-PVDF. an insulating material, breakdown of that materials molecular 2. (FR-4) processes. Alternative material systems use PTFE-based laminates and bondply materials to bond a PTFE layer with the next layer in your PCB stackup. Fig. 5 × 10 −4, 3 GHz). 2. 0005 0. The glass-transition temperature of PTFE is high and falls between 160-280˚C. Low dielectric tolerance and low loss • Excellent electrical performance • Allows applications with higher operating frequencies • Ideal for. 1 and loss tangent as low as 0. The dissipation factor is the tangent of the loss angle of the insulating material. 9, dielectric loss of 0. 0005 0. However, the changes of the electrical property (including dielectric constant and loss tangent) are complex and hard to be obtained and analyzed. , the maximum dielectric loss tangent is 0. As illustrated in Fig. 3. 1. 0) eff. signal and includes both dielectric and dc-conductivity losses. Phase formation was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. PTFE loss tangent AFM study: (a). 0; C. 4. tan (δ) or Df is the result of electromagnetic wave absorption by the dielectric. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer is an example of a linear fluoropolymer. 00022. 8" L=8. Dielectric Loss =. In ferroelectric materials, dielectric constant is high due to spontaneous polarization similar to. Eccostock LoK is a low dielectric constant, low loss and low weight thermosetting plastic for RF and microwave insulation. Tefzel® can be extruded or injection molded easily, using conventional techniques, and thus presents no unusual operator training. Loss tangent values ranging from . The results of these tests at 1 KHz, 1 MHz, and. Prepreg. 0014-. Dielectrics with low loss provide reduced attenuation and heating in circuits. To achieve polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composites for high-frequency applications with low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss tangent and low. All samples were compressed into 20 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm rectangular shape. TEM transmission line, loss tangent of 0. 0014-.