xenoglossophobia. The objective of the current study was to explore the causes of writing anxiety in Pakistani undergraduate ESL. xenoglossophobia

 
 The objective of the current study was to explore the causes of writing anxiety in Pakistani undergraduate ESLxenoglossophobia  Comments: Accepted for Artificial Intelligence for Education (AI4EDU) workshop at AAAI 2022:Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages

Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners. This can have a major impact on their quality of life on a daily basis. Xenoglossophobia is the irrational fear of foreign languages. Change Negative Thoughts Into Positive Thoughts. Here is a list of the words for phobia starting from the letter x. Zelophobia – Fear of jealousy. Amathophobia:- धूल – मिट्टी से डरना – Fear of dust. Thus, Xenoglossophobia hampers the studying of foreign languages, but could also weaken a team and group in other ways. Through the NL coaching methodology, she will also be able to better identify students’ social and emotional triggers as well as xenoglossophobia (the fear of speaking a foreign language). Trust your intuition. It is in the view and having found that there is the fear of speaking one's own native language that I propound (propose) endoglossophobia. A A. BUSN 5100. Xenoglossophobia was FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale). It can develop into a fear of others badmouthing them in a foreign language or a fear of performing poorly in a language class and being ridiculed. Full-text available. Xenoglossophobia also termed as Foreign Language anxiety is the feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, and apprehension experienced in learning or using a second or foreign language. Navigate Upper u1. They may also be afraid of other poor people, or they may simply feel uncomfortable around poverty. The root cause of this fear is often a feeling of powerlessness or insecurity. Zoophobia. (See also Hylophobia and Ylophobia)their xenoglossophobia. The word has been originated by three Greek words: xeno = foreign), glosso = language and phobia = fear. Warnings: None. However, rest assured it is quite common and. Vol. Syihabuddin, MA, Second Supervisor: Drs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesis. The fear came about when forced to learn. link to Xenoglossophobia – Fear of Foreign Languages. An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something). As you can imagine, it negatively affects language learning and performance. Zoophobia – Fear of animals. It’s those classic signs of fear and panic attacks we’ve all seen in horror movies – the racing heart, the sweating, the shaking. In fact, many people suffer from this phobia. Importantly, there is no evidence proving that the need to practice languages with the help of SM increases learners’ risks of developing xenoglossophobia (Ríos and Campos 257). It. xenoglossophobia. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Ankylophobia:- Fear of immobility of a joint. Y. ‘Perhaps no other field of study poses as much of a threat to self-concept as does language study,’ stated one report in the Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics. How is the number 13 important in US. Studies found that higher level of anxiety affects the learning process and lowers down learning motivation. The first thing to understand is how we create fear in the human nervous system. Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages. docx. I know xenophobia already covers it, but I am looking for something more specific. Xylophobia- 1) Fear of wooden objects. Rev. Seperti namanya, pameran ini dipenuhi oleh banyak perguruan tinggi dari berbagai negara di Eropa, mulai dari Inggris, Belanda, Prancis, hingga Jerman dan Finlandia. Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease. Diperkirakan sekitar 75% orang di seluruh dunia mengalaminya. Xyrophobia-Fear of razors. •To the best of our knowledge, FREETALKY is the first deep learning-based conversation plat-form for alleviating xenoglossophobia. Remember me Not recommended on shared computers. Res. The results obtained indicate that the majority of the students suffer from xenoglossophobia, which negatively affects the remarkable development of the student, as well as their academic achievement and performance within the English class. Philosophy is the general study of fundamental knowledge about existence. Xenoglossophobia is a specific phobia characterized by an intense, irrational fear of foreign languages. . There were 13 original colonies. Which of the following is the fear of foreign languages? Xyrophobia Xerophobia Xenoglossophobia Xanthophobia None of the above. The learners of English language frequently convey the feeling of anxiety, nervousness and edginess. by matTeo talotta. 这种恐惧或所谓的恐惧症有一个名字:xenoglossophobia,对学习和说外语的恐惧. Xenoglossophobia adalah ketakutan berbicara dalam bahasa asing. Most of us are afraid of being judged. That is why the first government that was formed after the successful American Revolutionary War. Anxiety can have debilitating effects on learning English language listening, reading, speaking and writing skills. To address this issue, the present study attempted to evaluate in depth the. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among universityIt is also approved as a theoretical framework for the study. Ultimately, Foreign Language. , not the fact that immigrant languages are "taking over," but rather that they are being lost. Why do avoidance strategies as well as phobias develop during childhood especially in the foreign language classroom whenever it comes to the productive usage of the English language? Foreign language anxiety (FLA) is a feeling of fear, apprehension, and tension that is linked to learning a foreign language and using it. It is an anxiety disorder that triggers a panic attack when one finds oneself face-to-face with the source of a phobia. "Simply, Xenoglossophobia is a fear or anxiety aroused in learning and usage of foreign languages. Xenoglossophobia was FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale). Xenoglossophobia, simply speaking is nothing but specific fear or anxiety of foreign languages. Xerophobia- Fear of dryness. While not one of the most common phobias, we felt this one deserved a special mention. How you Create Fear – or any other Feeling. How to say xenophobia. Acousticophobia, or the fear of loud noises, is a surprisingly common anxiety disorder. It is believed that the students in a foreign language class are having difficulties where they tend to be more worried and anxious during the learning period (Price, 1991). Antlophobia:- बाढ़ का डर – Fear of floods. It’s said that humans dream in their Mother tongue and it is the closest language to the person’s conscience; but learning a foreign language can not only be. Synonyms: antipathy, disinclination, reluctance Due to her aversion to the outdoors she complained throughout the entire camping trip. Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among universityMostly learners suffer from Xenoglossophobia when they are expected of speaking English in foreign language classrooms (Böttger and Költzsch, 2020). . In other words, what many of us working abroad. People suffering from decidophobia may also avoid making decisions altogether or might have simple indecisiveness on something most people take for granted, such as a meal plan. Give yourself enough time to practice the language, and build your speaking confidence slowly, for example by having short conversations with your close friends (i. Literature Review • Traditional Javanese Community . But that's for getting diagnosed. This button displays the currently selected search type. Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners. Some students, in a pilot study, were reported to have acquitted themselves well in their language class while others not so well, particularly in speaking the language in the classroom. Acrophobia is more specific in that it refers to a fear of open spaces as well as heights, while hypsiphobia is just a fear of heights. Anxiety is a major factor that handicap learners’ cognition in learning. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesis. Other topics taken up include historical examples of interfaith dialogue, theological and philosophical considerations of truth-seeking in interreligious encounter, and contemporary agendas such as the decolonization of the study of religion and the obligation to respond to antisemitism, Islamophobia, and xenoglossophobia. More. The Framers of the US Constitution did not favor a strong central government for their new nation. •The persona-based conversation system in FREETALKY allows users to customize for-eign language learning and provides practicalxenoglossophobia symptomsmanish malhotra second-hand. In addition, clowns are known to have a distorted appearance that can be unsettling for some people. When it comes to using a foreign language, even many well-educated speakers get sweaty palms, an upset stomach and the urge to find the nearest hiding place. This study aimed to describe Javanese people’s pride of their local language along with the related aspects contributing to how they lived. in Opinion. And we get it. This online test is 7 quick and simple questions. Final_Exam_Practice_Questions_Only_2022. Xylophobia – Fear of trees, forests or wood. Xenoglossophobia? As Deborah Short and Jane Echevarria (“Teacher Skills to Support English Language. Foreign language anxiety, also known as xenoglossophobia, is the feeling of unease, worry, nervousness and apprehension experienced in learning or using a second or foreign language. Antlophobia:- बाढ़ का डर – Fear of floods. What phobias start with x?5- Resources. The term has been originated by three Greek lexica: xeno = foreign, glosso = lan-guage and phobia = anxiety and fear. Though Hispanics make up 18. Xenoglossophobia. The latest research delved into the relationship between Xenoglossophobia and self-esteem, quality of life, and communication experiences in adults. Another common aversion is that of high places. The latest research delved into the relationship between Xenoglossophobia and self-esteem, quality of life, and communication experiences in adults. Xenoglossophobia definition: A fear of foreign languages. Physical Symptoms People with fear of foreign languages often experience panic attacks. You’d need to see your doctor for a formal diagnosis of Xenoglossophobia. •The persona-based conversation system in FREETALKY allows users to customize foreign language learningAbstract. 44 M. Namun, ada juga mereka yang memiliki ketakutan ekstra ketika harus berbicara menggunakan bahasa asing di depan umum. The article approaches a ubiquitous as well as a rarely adequately addressed problem area of learning and teaching foreign languages. Video shows what xenoglossophobia means. Es zeigt einen Weg zu. ChalakandH. Therefore, it is crucial to highlight the possible. Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods. This post was written by Stephen Bankart and first appeared on Kotive . The frequent use of the slashed term "Hispanic/Latino" implies that the identities are interchangeable. Clowns are a source of fear for many people. Rating: K. In comprehensible language, it’s called “ foreign language anxiety ,” and it happens so much that speaking is often cited as the most anxiety provoking of foreign language activities. Exciting, tedious, easy, frustrating, difficult, natural. Xenoglossophobic- person suffering from Xenoglossophobia You may also like to know the words for fear starting from-Many of us have xenoglossophobia "The feeling of unease, worry, nervousness and apprehension experienced in learning or using a second or foreign language. TRANSCRIPTGood morning! Happy Monday! As a language teacher, I like long and complicated words, I find them fascinating and today I would like to share with. Sadly, a chronic case of xenoglossophobia—the fear of foreign languages—has marked U. Sign Up; Home; Thailand . language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA) or Xenoglossophobia. Foreign language anxiety, also known as xenoglossophobia, can be generally defined as the feeling of tension, fear, worry, or apprehension one can experience when learning or using a second or foreign language. Zemmiphobia – Fear of the great mole rat. Causes of Xenoglossophobia 1. Login . Xylophobia – Fear of wooden objects. For those who suffer from teleophobia, the future seems like a scary place. 1 pt. Agitation, anger, and tension can result from xenoglossophobia. A fear of foreign languages. There were 13 shots fired at the British that started the war of Indpendence. Xyrophobia. 2, No. Anxiety reduces your brain’s ability to do its job the way it is supposed to. Letztlich wird die emotionale Vorbereitung. Pick. The participants were selected from department of foreign languages of two well-reputed. The Framers of the US Constitution did not favor a strong central government for their new nation. 10. April 12, 2022. Xenoglossophobia – Fear of foreign languages. The relationship between language anxiety and self-determined motivation has been examined from various aspects in the applied linguistics domain. Zelophobia – Fear of jealousy. The glosso part is also Greek, meaning "tongue". ABSTRACT Romdhon, Muhammad Rizqi, 2016, Al-Manhaj An-Nabawi fi Ta’lim Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah. ”. Don't let your xenoglossophobia take over: being able to speak Chinese would be a useful skill. Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa and makes recommendations for improvement in their. Edit Content. It is a specific anxiety experienced by the students in the classroom or in some other situation. Xenophobia – Fear of strangers or foreigners. Pedophobia is a fear of children. •To the best of our knowledge, FREETALKY is the first deep learning-based conversation platform for alleviating xenoglossophobia. Article. Translate Xenoglossophobia to English online and download now our free translation software to use at any time. FEAR OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES: (xenoglossophobia and fear of foreign languages) 1: fear of foreign languages: a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of foreign languages, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. . The main purpose of the study is to investigate the causes of anxiety which effect among the students of English language at secondary level. Xenoglossophobia is an irrational fear of foreign languages that affects the daily life, academics and work of the sufferer. Res. Video. These panic attacks can be extremely frightening and distressing for the. e. Synonyms: antipathy, disinclination, reluctance Due to her aversion to the outdoors she complained throughout the entire camping trip. However, the direction of the relationship tend to disagree. It is frequently observed that EFL learners experience tension, fear or phobia when they are expected This study examined the possible adverse effects of cyber-psychological variables on the productive academic behavior of Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners with Xenoglossophobia. It often occurs if students are exposed to several negative experiences in a foreign language context (Koshy, 2020). Outras sentem ansiedade ou frustração com suas habilidades de falar inglês. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. Xenoglossophobia. Xenoglossophobia, yabancı dil korkusu demektir. Xenoglossophobia, or foreign language learning anxiety, is traumatic for many students attending foreign language courses (Krashen, 1982; Zheng, 2008). Xyrophobia – Fear of razors. The fear does not mean the person is xeonophobic or racist, and the phobia. Forgot your password? Sign UpStudy Of Xenoglossophobia: Exploring The Effects Of Virtual Education On Pakistani Undergraduate ESL Learners' English Speaking Anxiety During Covid-19 Pandemic. Qin Muhammad Asif Said Muhammad Khan. 2. Don't worry, you're not the only one and we're. Irrational fears of religion. The article approaches a ubiquitous as well as a rarely adequately addressed problem area of learning and teaching foreign languages. [source] you know your xenoglossophobia is illogical. If you’ve ever been nervous speaking a foreign language in public, you are not alone. second language learners called xenoglossophobia, or understood as Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). Question #9. Peniaphobia is the fear of poverty. Download scientific diagram | Activation of left lateral prefrontal cortex (LEAR Lab, 2019) from publication: Neural foundations of creativity in foreign language acquisition | This article. xenolinguaphobia, using Latinate lingua for "language. von Ihnen gezielt eingesetzt werden können. •The persona-based conversation system in FREETALKY allows users to customize for-eign language learning and provides practicalStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Venustraphobia, Vestiphobia, Vitricophobia and more. It can cause anxiety, avoidance, and panic attacks when someone is around people who speak a different. It can be an irrational fear and it can also be caused by prolonged exposure to the constant noise of screaming infants, or any other form of extreme stress. ChalakandH. 1, Kharkhurin A. Irrational fears now but in the dim and distant past they probably served a useful purpose, like arachnophobia and ophidiophobia. . Hypsiphobia is the fear of heights, while acrophobia is the fear of high places. Embed. with their xenoglossophobia. Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat. Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners. Philosophobia is an irrational fear of Philosophy and philosophers. Pick one of the links of different names for foreign languages to learn more about how it is caused and likely symptoms. But people with Xenoglossophobia disagree! Their strange apprehension to foreign. 2019), also called "xenoglossophobia" (Altunel, 2019). Ever stood in front of an audience and panicked because you weren’t able to convey your thoughts in English — it happens to most of us. 5 million school-age children in the United. The global outbreak of Covid-19 brought the transition in educational system all over the world and switched from physical education to virtual education. The article approaches a ubiquitous as well as a rarely adequately addressed problem area of learning and. people you trust). This specifically has to do with learning another language, as opposed to being in a place where a foreign language is being. This fear, called coulrophobia, is because they often appear in circus performances, which can be scary for some. It also explored the patterns nested in the reminiscing process. Trembling or. Siang tadi, aku dan dua orang teman pergi ke sebuah pameran pendidikan tinggi internasional. Fearing such a domain that is an in depth study is highly irrational, but then the. Tabel tersebut menyediakan penjelasan sederhana mengenai arti, makna, dan. This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 19:57. Sie werden erfahren, dass Augenkontakt und Körperhaltung unbewusste Wirkungen haben bzw. Causes of Xenoglossophobia 1. You have everything perfectly ordered in your mind and yet you…Myth No. Zeusophobia – Fear of God or gods. with their xenoglossophobia. Change Negative Thoughts Into Positive Thoughts. 6. The lack of attention to foreign language anxiety among counseling students speaking English as a second language has led to supervision issues among this growing student population in counseling programs. If you are aware of xenophobia, then you should know that xeno-comes from the Greek for "foreign". Xenoglossophobia also termed as foreign language anxiety is the feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness, and apprehension in learning, using, or speaking foreign languages. Provided to YouTube by The Orchard EnterprisesXenoglossophobia · KakafoniKrälar i stoftet℗ 2020 Skrammel Records & Buzzbox RecordsReleased on: 2020-02-28Auto. Xenoglossophobia is defined as torment or apprehension thus affecting cognitive skills and leads to frightful thinking and approach. Xenoglossophobia. Yabancı dil, ister sanatçı olunsun, ister iş adamı, öğrenci, mühendis, doktor ya da akademisyen, hayatın her köşesinde mevcuttur… İcra edilen meslek ne olursa olsun, hayatlarımız için yabancı dil, bir başka değerlidir. Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods. It’s a condition of mid-to-high level tension and nervousness in regards to learning foreign and second languages and specifically influences speaking, listening and writing. This article. 1. Fear of jealousy. : Simon and Schuster,. EHEF namanya, singkatan dari European Higher Education Fair. A person with symbolophobia might experience: Rapid heartbeat and palpitations. Xenoglossophobia. Xenoglossophobia, in simple words, is nothing but particular fear, phobia or Anxiety in for-eign languages. The objective of the current study was to explore the causes of writing anxiety in Pakistani undergraduate ESL. Wika - ay isang masistemang balangkas ngsinasalitang tunog na pinipili at isinasaayos sa paraangarbitraryo upang magamit ng mga taong kabilang saisang kultura. To reach the village, people need to ride only on Dengan begitu, rasa benci atau takut karena xenophobia juga berbeda dengan orang yang mengalami homophobia karena tidak bersifat spesifik. EL Study Guide / Educating Language Learners. The contributions of this study are as follows. Yeah, that one. References:A Permanent Solution to Phobia Of Foreign Languages. Because, all phobias can to some degree limit a persons daily activities and are in some cases the root cause that make someone experience anxiety and leading up all the way to depression. Find Similar Words Find similar words to xenogeny using the buttons below. United Nation of Human Rights menyebutkan bahwa seseorang yang memiliki xenofobia cenderung melakukan diskriminasi, permusuhan, kekerasan, dan respons kebencian lainnya. It often. It is a specific phobia, which means that it is an irrational and excessive fear of a specific object or situation. It can become overwhelming and prevent you from achieving your goals in the language. According to one study, as many as 1 in 4 people suffer from some degree of acousticophobia. So how does one overcome a fear of foreign words? 1 Seek Professional Support learner face Xenoglossophobia, or FLSA, in virtual education at the time Covid-19 pandemic and . Rev. Anglophones have propagated myths about Hispanic cultures ever since. In comprehensible language, it’s called “ foreign language anxiety ,” and it happens so much that speaking is often cited as the most anxiety provoking of foreign language activities. Written by the group Anonymous Dinosaurs Risto Koivula, Ganapati Sahoo, Karmen Kapp, Kaarina Aitamurto. Qin Muhammad Asif Said Muhammad Khan. 2: phobia of language: an extreme unwarranted fear and/or physical aversion to. Abstract: Xenoglossophobia also termed as Foreign Language anxiety is the feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness and apprehension experienced in learning or using a second or foreign language. Ymophobia: fear of contrariety; Z Zelophobia: fear of jealousy; Zoophobia: fear of animals; Zuesophobia: fear of god; Zemmiphobia: fear of the great moleratspeaking language due to Xenoglossophobia, a sign of extreme anxiety when exhibited with strange speech lacunae, in written or spoken course. Xenoglossophobia is an irrational fear of foreign languages that affects the daily life, academics and work of the sufferer. HeidariTabrizi cyber-psychologicalvariables,avalidandreliablequestionnairewasgen. In midst of the modernization, xenoglossophobia might affect the local’s pride, identity, and living capital. Sameena Malik H. Xenophobia – Fear of strangers or foreigners. As we begin 2022, MultiLingual’s aim is to stand at that crossroads and understand the globalized future, both inside and outside the language industry. 44 M. The learners of foreign language mostly feel anxious, nervousness in the speaking of language. population — the country’s largest minority group — many Americans. Language learners who have confidence and good self-understanding tend to be more successful. Fear of the great mole rat. By Panjimhs 11/04/2019. kevaveli. 1: xenoglossophobia: a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of foreign languages, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. xenophobia: [noun] fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign. A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners. Characters: X Drake, Penguin, Shachi. Low knowledge. Learn more. 10 - It gives you a deeper appreciation of your own language and culture. The concept of foreign lan- guage anxiety put forward by Horwitz (1986). New things and changes don't come easy but that doesn't mean we. What is Xenoglossophobia? fear of foreign languages. The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of foreign language anxiety or xenoglossophobia, for college students enrolled in foreign language courses at The Southern University. Zelophobia – Fear of jealousy. Ankylophobia:- Fear of immobility of a joint. However, rest assured it is quite common and. Xenophobia stems from misunderstanding and fear of aliens. e. A: × Xenophobia stems from misunderstanding and fear for aliens. Xenoglossophobia, the intense fear of foreign languages, can be a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a person’s life. This is a phobia of speaking a new language in a group setting, usually within a. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among university postgraduates is essential. Xenoglossophobia– excessive fear of foreign languages. The data has been collected from the 100 students of secondary level of public schools using a survey questionnaire comprised of 24 items. Arabic. 8) point out in this issue, children whose first language is not English are flooding U. Namun, ada juga mereka yang memiliki ketakutan ekstra ketika harus berbicara menggunakan bahasa asing di depan umum. It also encompasses the mind, values, reason and language. As far as I know, I don’t have a drop of Russian blood in. *Xenoglossophobia - fear of foreign languages I'm writing a new op-ed about immigration and the real linguistic danger. xenoglossophobia: Language Learner's perspective on Language American College Journal of English Language and Literature August 1, 2016. Whereas aversion to foreign languages driven by right-wing agendas may be interpreted a sign of postcolonial melancholia (Gilroy, 2004) and a wilful denial of the existence of urban multiculture (Lisiak, 2016), in the case of the Berlin graffiti evoked here – an example of visualized xenoglossophobia – it signals resistance to the impeding. For some people, the mere thought of ghosts is enough to trigger a panic attack. People around the world have an astounding variety of customs and habits, and at first, it’s natural to think that outsiders are strange for their foreign ways. Whereas aversion to foreign languages driven by right-wing agendas may be interpreted a sign of postcolonial melancholia (Gilroy, 2004) and a wilful denial of the existence of urban multiculture (Lisiak, 2016), in the case of the Berlin graffiti evoked here – an example of visualized xenoglossophobia – it signals resistance to the impeding. Even if some may think that this fear isn’t real, it truly is. An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something). 2020; The learners of English language frequently convey the feeling of. Xerophobia–Fear of dryness. Y-Ymophobia- Fear of contrariety Z-Zelophobia- Fear of jealousy. Xenoglossophobia - Fear of foreign languages. from publication: Application of mathematical statistic in preliminary investigations of. A fear of foreign languages. In this newly advanced education system, the learners are provided with more opportunities to Penyebab dan Gejala Glossophobia. Empirical finding is a cross-sectional study. 1 Exploring xenoglossophobia: How subjective socio-demographic status and language experience relate to foreign lan-guage classroom anxiety?Trionigophobia is the fear of saws. Xenoglossophobia: The fear of foreign languages. Xyrophobia-Fear of razors. We've got 0 rhyming words for xenoglossophobia » What rhymes with xenoglossophobia? xenoglos·so·pho·bi·a This page is about the various possible words that rhymes or sounds like xenoglossophobia. Abstract: Xenoglossophobia also termed as Foreign Language anxiety is the feeling of uneasiness, worry, nervousness and apprehension experienced in learning or using a second or foreign language.