Scapa Exafit HP Plate Mounting Tapes. R problem is prior to mounting the plate. Click to enlarge. Download brochure. Our tesa Softprint® assortment offers both. 0 is the world’s fastest and most accurate flexo plate mounter with unmatched repeatability and speed. W. A double sided foam tape that is used to mount flexographic plates to plate cylinders and produce high-quality. Deciding which tape is right for each print job is a significant factor in the quest for efficiency and process reliability. Damage to flexo printing plates during the demounting process, however, is often seen as part of the cost of doing business, which is why 3M has developed a new adhesive technology designed to minimize plate damage and reduce associated costs. Part 2 - Plate demounting. Specialized foams and adhesives complete our tesa Softprint® plate mounting assortment for flexo label printing Your cookie settings for tesa. Do you want. Request information Download the brochure. Country of Origin. 3M™ Flexomount™ Plate Mounting Tape 411DL. 7697 . With this technology the plates are mounted directly to the cylinder with a . Read more Your most burning questions answered: Classic vs. 0; is AV Flexologic’s solution to common industry trends. Mount Flexographic Plates with Confidence 3M™ Thin Flexographic Plate Mounting Tape E2105 is a double coated tape that has the air release feature designed to allow air to escape from between the tape and the plate. These tapes can be used in a variety of different print jobs, for example, flexo printing of corrugated board (postprint), flexo printing of film with. Drying. We further outline both axes below:Historically, foam plate mounting tapes were divided into two thickness categories: 380 μm/15 mil for label printing (narrow web) and 500 μm/20 mil for fl exible packaging. Dual liner construction. To ensure an accurate reproduction of any printed image, plate mounting is critical. All tesa® Softprint plate mounting tapes feature high-performance acrylic adhesives A fitting solution for every situation Last words These tapes ensure an excellent performance every step of the way. The unique concept of tesa Twinlock® is to provide sustainable and re-usable plate mounting solutions for cost. Options available. com. All these flexographic plate mounting tapes offer strong edge hold to prevent lifting and are produced with tight caliper tolerances so you can be assured the end of the roll is the same thickness as the beginning. Order Now. To assist with optimized print results and ensure process efficiency, Mark Andy Print Products can supply your pressroom with a variety of tapes in both standard and custom-order sizes with a variety of thicknesses, offering solutions for all application demands. 24 MB) Download the. - Range of products in 0. Tags; Flexographic Printing; Twinlock; twinlock; Feb 5, 2020. APR is a leader in innovative technical services and flexo-specific training solutions. These tapes can be used in a variety of different print jobs, for example, flexo printing of corrugated board (postprint), flexo printing of film with. Kontakt/ Contact. UniFlex™ One-Piece Flexographic Printing Plates. ASK A 3M FLEXO EXPERT. Best fit - consider 3M Flexomount 400-Series or 3M Cushion-Mount Plus 18-Series tapes. Achieve finished plates in an hour with DuPont™ Cyrel® FAST thermal. This flexographic plate mounting tape has excellent resistance to lifting on press allowing for easy and clean. Infographic-3M Flexographic Plate Mounting: Where Science Meets Craft. To purchase best plate mounting tapes for flexographic in. This translates to less gear marks, chatter and other print defects. A range of sleeve or cylinder mounters with servo-motorised cameras and mandrel for fast and accurate mounting. Anderson & Vreeland, Inc. Printer in press room sticking printing plate on the cylinder. 3M Flexomount Solid Printing Tapes Two categories of Flexomount Solid Printing tapes are available: 1) A Gray double coated tape with a soft rubber adhesive on each side of a vinyl carrier. Step One- Properly Clean Plates. Plate Mounting. . 282. Company;. The mounting of the printing plates onto printing cylinders requires a high degree of. Flexographic Plate Mounting Tapes. Mark Andy Print Products is committed to supplying a full array of flexographic printing products to keep your pressroom operating profitably. Our tesa Softprint® assortment offers both. 7697 . FLEXO PRINTING SUPPLIES. com. 178-660mm. By making the output slightly smaller than. 1. 07004. Bubble Free Flexographic Plate Mounting 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1015H is a white foam tape that provides high quality combination print. com 245 W. Polymount's Twinlock sleeve has a self-adhesive surface The use of flexo, and therefore demand for sleeves, is still growing, mainly driven by printers switching from gravure. Both adhesives. Our state-of-the-art FE-X adhesive reliably holds the plate edges down while making the plate-demounting process quick and painless. As the market trends towards fast and shorter runs, we understand the importance of fast and accurate plate mounting. 282. BiesSe’s TPMM can mount 75 sleeves, each with tape and five plates in an eight-hour shift. Learn more about 3M™ Flexographic Plate Mounting Systems (PDF, 5. Scapa Exafit HP is the industry's most advanced foam, ensures high quality printing with faster, and. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1820-20H. SAMM 2. PROAMPAC. Bubble Free Flexographic Plate Mounting 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1115H is a tan foam tape that provides high quality process print. Performance improvements on press. tesa ® Twinlock: The Flexo Plate Mounting Solution Supplying You Peace of Mind. 282. This is the standard tape for combination print. The Great Tape Debate: Answering the 5 Most Common Plate Mounting Tape-Related Questions. Plate Mounting. R. Use 3M Cushion-Mount. Automatic HD cameras. A range of manual and motorised models are available to satisfy all budgets and requirements. Scapa's range is composed of Exafit® High Performance (HP) and are based on a new generation of cross linked compressible PE foam, double sided filmic and cloth to meet the most stringent demands of the flexographic industry. It is based on a transparent e-PVC carrier and features a high tack pressure sensitive rubber adhesive on both sides and a brown corrugated filmic liner. 00 Mb) 3M flexographic plate mounting tapes are highly engineered to provide very tight caliper tolerance to allow printers to use tape from different manufacturing lots and keep tight print registration. 07004. Rechtstexte / Legal texts. Conversource carries a wide selection of accessories for the flexographic pressroom to keep your flexo presses running. This can be seen during the storage of a mounted job, or during plate mounting. Tapes for mounting of flexographic photopolymer printing plates are available in different levels of hardness and thickness to accommodate the exact printing conditions for which they are needed. Count on. 00 1060 1. 0 is the world’s most accurate flexo plate mounter in the label and narrow-web industry. The BIEFFEBI AUTOMA 374 is a new generation automatic flexo plate mounter for the automatic mounting of flexographic plates on sleeves. Anderson & Vreeland, Inc. 51 mm) double coated medium soft density yellow foam tape is. Offering High Tech Mounting Tapes for Every Application. A frequent change of images, a large number of different types of content and information on the label, as well as complex designs - the label printing industry faces all these challenges. Condition: New. 0. 3M™ Comply™ air release technology allows for virtually bubble-free tape and plate application. Experience with conventional flexo plate making process. . . After a Flexo plate has been mounted, an air bubble forms or is visible. In our case the INMOUNT 70/70H is the perfect match. In the flexo industry, the acronym T. Pro ® 216 is a 20mil double-sided vinyl Mounting Tape with a dual liner Brown Paper and poly film combination. Specifically designed for mounting flexographic print plates to cushioned/ compressible sleeves. Exafit® 43201HP is a double-sided foam tape specially designed for flexographic plate mounting. This is the standard tape for combination print. 1510 Page Industrial Blvd. Use Scapa Exafit HP plate mounting tapes from Conversource. 3M Flexographic Plate Mounting Tapes. The best defense is good adhesion between plate. 00 Mb) 21 Flexo Plate Mounting jobs available on Indeed. Part 2 will focus on minimizing damage during plate de-mounting, while the final chapter will address how to properly identify a worn plate and taking the "guessing" out of the decision to replace the plate. Narrow web flexo plate mounters for label printing. 11 essential plate mounter skills for your resume and career. Flexographic Plate Mounting Tapes. It offers unmatched accuracy, repeatability, and speed. A family-run business dedicated to designing and producing mounts and mounter-proofing equipment for the flexographic printing industry, BIEFFEBI’s attention to detail and absolute quality are what has made them. 3M Cushion-Mount Foam Tapes. 3M Stock. Changes in flexo plate surface roughness is influenced by the plate-making process. Flexo Doctor Blades. Looking for better Solid Ink Coverage or Crisper Lines in your flexo printing? Count on Conversource for those hard to find solutions like 3M™ Flexomount™ Plate Mounting Tape. Flexo recommends using isopropyl alcohol kept at room temperature and a clean rag. tesa offers a wide assortment of plate mounting tapes and other adhesive solutions. 020" flexo printing and offers you all the benefits demanded from flexible packaging printing. All these flexographic plate mounting tapes offer strong edge hold to prevent lifting and are produced with tight caliper. Max repeat: 1850 mm / 72. 3rd party services) to offer you website features, to understand the usage and to optimize our offering as well as providing you with. Manual alternative available with reduced options for lower initial investment. It has the air release feature that allows for bubble free mounting. Max width: 3000 mm / 118. The FXC partners of plate mounting include SOMA, AV Flexologic, Lohmann, Rossini, Tech Sleeves, and tesa. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ L-series and Pro-series mounting tapes are optimized to prevent edge lift, yet flexo plates are up to 78% easier to remove*. It reduces print defects and allows easier mounting. Bubble Free Flexographic Plate Mounting 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1020-20H is a white foam tape that provides high quality combination print. It is important to use an uncontaminated surface for cleaning. Scapa Exafit HP Plate Mounting Tapes. Toll-Free: 866. SAMM 2. This is a light medium tape for combination print. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1820 is a blue foam tape that provides high quality combination print. 0 is a third-generation fully automatic flexo plate mounting machine. 07004. These double sided flexo tapes used for the mounting. Robotic manipulator The pick-up unit is completely re-designed and it is used to transfer the plate from the conveyor belt to the mounting position. APR offers the most complete line of mounting & proofing supplies and equipment for the flexo industry to help you achieve: Improved image quality in process, combination, and line/solid work;. Am Turm 33 DE-53721 Siegburg +49 (0) 2241 89604-91 [email protected]. Our services include package design and engineering, package converting and high quality lithographic printing, with a wide variety of services ,(Graphic Design, Image Input, Image Manipulation, Page Input & Assembly, Imposition. I. 3M Flexographic Plate Mounting Tapes. Attachment to PVC or polyester base carrier films. let solvents dry for 5 min. Introducing the 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Pro-Series Plate Mounting Tape, the next generation of the 3M Flexo portfolio. It has a sticky surface that attaches it to different materials such as papers, metal or even wood. Using a regular flexo plate to print such a job would result in a gap or seam where the plate’s ends butt up against each other, which would show up in the printed product. English January 2021 Supersedes: NEWRtry-1800 Easy Operation Custom Made 2 Camera Flexo Printing Plate Machine Mounting Machinery Flexographic Plate Mounter Price for Sale US$ 5200-8000 / Piece 1 Piece (MOQ)3M™ Thin Flexographic Mounting Tape 2205 is a 5 mil, double coated film tape with differential acrylic adhesives on a polyester film carrier with a polycoated kraft paper liner. Performance improvements on press. With 600+ automatic mounters installed in all over the world the last 15 years, the Automatic SAMM is the world’s most reliable mounter thatFlexographic Plate Mounting Systems. Fine tune your combination, process and solid printing processes and increase your bottom line. The first step to avoiding issues like plate lift and unscheduled stops is properly cleaning your plates and plate rolls. Toll-Free: 866. Allstein’s Tim Fox and SOMA’s Garrett Taylor shared their views on register accuracy, holding color, efficiencies automated plate. +1 (800) 445-4017; Members; connect; Search for:. 0 (0. Manual or automatic device for direct mounting of flexographic plates on cylinders and sleeves thanks to the integration of computer-controlled cameras. 07004. Plate Mounting Tapes for Flexo Printing. Flexo printing on a corrugated substrate requires a soft plate to make an impression with the ebbs of the corrugation. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Pro-Series Plate Mounting Tape with Comply™ Adhesive System 10-Series, White, 25 yards, 20 mil - 21020. VPP: Virtual Proof Print - Digital proof print of corrugated flexo plates. For best results, Dr. Below are some of the reasons why air bubbles might appear:When removing the plate from the cylinder, pull the plate in a slow, even motion. Priced 12 per package. Product Description. 83 Inch. The FLEXMONT series of plate mounting machines are designed for fast and accurate plate mounting to ensure the superior print quality of OPTIMA flexo printing presses. Pro ® 216 unwinds smoothly to ensure easy cylinder coverage and is ideal for printing solid or fine line graphics. 07004. Likely best fit - consider 3M's 400. Faster flexo plate mounting The Automation Engine Flexo Platemaking Module offers a number of ways to ensure faster flexo plate mounting without sacrificing accuracy. jobs in Sylvania, OH - Sylvania jobs What is Plate Mounting Tape? Plate mounting tape is designed for high-speed flexography and general printing. Automatic vision system proof acquires actual mounted register locations and records them for proof data and. tesa ® Twinlock is a self-adhesive and reusable flexo sleeve which makes it the sustainable plate mounting solution for flexo printing. typically stands for total indicated run-out or total indicated reading. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1320H. To produce a quality product, you should be matching your plates and plate mounting tape to the media in question. To check a. Make ready on a flexographic press includes installation of the required plate cylinders and inks, setting levels for impression and ink pressure, register adjustment, and any setup for inline. tesa ® Twinlock at a Glance. E-mail: [email protected] is the standard tape for combination print. Trapped air within the flexo plate can cause ait bubbles and will result in bad printing results or press downtime. The design is printed. tesa offers a wide range of foam densities, adhesives and thicknesses. The improved surface makes product handling even more convenient. 5. Launched in 2021 and unique in the market, the FTS 1500 was developed following requests from users of the original award-winning Label FTS. Continue Reading. The compressible foam will withstand long and high speed print runs. . Our corrugated postprint mounters are advanced with unique features in the industry and guarantee high-quality printing. Toll-Free: 866. Find the tesa ® Softprint FE-X EA One. It is best suited for mounting both rubber and photopolymer printing plates. 0 The FAMM 2. Thanks to our expertise in flexographic printing, Anderson & Vreeland sells more stickyback tape to flexo printers than the next three distributors combined. 7697 . MOM DD S. The reduction of the mounting related press downtime and the optimized workflow around the machine make the FAMM the world’s most accurate, fast and consistent. Part 1 - Plate cleaning. Flexographic Consumables. This is a firm tape for combination printing. Our new patented Flexo® Mounting System has been created to attractively terminate applications with a secure mountable end. Before a flexographic job is printed, a number of factors need to be checked to ensure accuracy. Simply put, tesa ® Twinlock is a reusable, self-adhesive, and compressible plate mounting sleeve - the printing plate can be directly mounted on the sleeve. The CDI Crystal XPS turns flexo plate making finally into a coordinated, linear process. Foam Plate Mounting Tapes. View all CSW, Inc. Chat now. Significantly enhances combination, process and solid printing with improved productivity. . The Berkeley AP plate mounter is suitable for plate mounting applications on letterpresses, rotary narrow web flexo printing presses, and wide web flexo printing presses. tesa Softprint® Steel Master tapes are for mounting onto steel cylinders and tesa. WW 2CS. Traditional freestanding proofing machines are still used by many printers as these have the advantage of being able to check the contents of the plate and ensure that they have been produced correctly before they go on the press. Toll-Free: 866. 0 Kb) are highly engineered to provide very tight caliper tolerance to allow printers to use tape from different manufacturing lots and keep tight print registration. Bubble Free Flexographic Plate Mounting 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape L1315 is a yellow foam tape that provides high quality medium soft combination print. ACCESSORIES-PATENTS. High-quality plate mounting and process tape solutions for optimal prints and efficient processes in flexible packaging printing. Bubble Free Flexographic Plate Mounting An air release feature with plate side adhesive technology allows 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape L1720 (PDF, 2. Innova Flexo Products GmbH. Hands-free mounter launched by Camis. Thick plate, corrugated flexo mount for polymer plates. On the horizontal axis, you’ll find the causes of flexo print defects, while on the vertical axis, you’ll find common defects in flexographic printing. Description: a) This machine adopt high precision linear guide raids for horizontal positioning, the up and. Flexo plate mounting for label printing whitepaper 6. Anderson & Vreeland is one of the nation’s leading suppliers of plate mounting, stickyback tape, and splicing tapes from state-of-the-art manufacturers including 3M , Adheso, Tesa, Harley, and Rogers. Plate Mounting tesa ® Twinlock. Plate mounting tapes from Lohmann have been instrumental in the positive development of the flexographic process. In order to avoid this during application and short term storage, it is critical to understand the root cause. Instead of mounting plates directly to cylinders, mount them on inexpensive Aero-Mount plastic carrier sleeves, and keep2015 AV FLEXOLOGIC FAMM 1700 mm - Fully automatic flexo plate mounter. 55mm thick. Date 09 Mar 2015. Medium foam hardness (density) Order. 3M recently introduced the Cushion-Mount Plus L-Series mounting tapes with a new and impressive adhesive technology designed to minimize plate damage and reduce associated costs. APR offers the most complete line of mounting & proofing supplies and equipment for the flexo industry to help you achieve: Improved image. 07004. The best time to catch a T. com. Flexographic plate mounting tapes are used in flexographic printing on plastic, cellophane, film, and other non-porous substrates. The latest addition is the FAMM HS, a robotic plate mounter for the narrow web industry, which can mount a full set of flexo plates for an eight colour job on cylinders, or sleeves, in one sequence lasting less than eight minutes. , Building 9 Unit 62, West Chicago, IL 60185 Plate Cushion Tape Impression Cylinder Plate Cylinder E1015 0. Let’s focus on the bright sides and cut out the worries!this is the video from Lisheng Machinery Co. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1920 is a pink foam tape that provides high quality combination print. -1378. SAMM Preprint. Eliminates mounting. Wide or narrow web plate mount tape. Optima, with its modern. It is made to print to film, paper, corrugate, and other materials on both narrow-web and wide-web presses. Flexo has the cure. The FAMM 3. This distortion is specifically important for flexo jobs. Quick Apply. 0 (0. 282. Corporate Headquarters 8 Evans Street, Fairfield, N. 07004. Infographic-3M Flexographic Plate Mounting: Where Science Meets Craft; CPG Companies Leverage Flexo Printing for Their Brand Packaging and Win; Contact Info. 282. Addtional properties. It is utilised to mount or adhere a printing plate to printing cylinders or sleeves. Micro channels within the adhesive ensure effortless air removability during plate mounting and printing. When preparing your sleeves and plates for the mounting. CleanPrint improves process efficiency and cost, and offers a sustainable. Trail and Leading Edge Strips. 3M™ Comply™ air release technology allows for virtually bubble-free tape and plate application. Thanks to its highly accurate cameras it registers. 32. The SAMM 2500 is an efficient and accurate flexo plate mounter for the corrugated preprint industry. tesa offers a comprehensive assortment of plate mounting tapes with foam, film, or cloth backings to fulfill all flexo printing needs. Over the last 30 years there have been important innovations in all these areas, with the result that flexographic printing has now matched other printing processes in quality. 3M flexographic plate mounting tapes (PDF, 5. Medium foam hardness (density) Order. So whether you are looking for a flexo plate designed for high productivity across a wide array of corrugated. SUPPORTING TIPS AND Our Complementary Products for Flexographic Printing TOOLS FOR OPTIMUM PLATE MOUNTING Process All elements should be handled at room. The new Pro-Series Plate Mounting Tape is chock full of features that will benefit flexo printers concerned with print quality. B40072317. For more info Flexographic Solutions. Plate Mounting. J. Printing press in the background. MacDermid Graphics Solutions is the only photopolymer plate manufacturer to offer a full lineup of flexographic printing products, including digital photopolymer sheet plates,. 0 is a third-generation fully automatic flexo plate mounting machine. ) Wellness program – living a healthy lifestyle can get you a discount on your health insurance premiums AND other incentives. 0 is the world's fastest and most accurate flexo plate mounter. The adhesive is specially formulated for clean removal from both the plate and the print cylinder or sleeve. Easily apply:. Min. This tape has excellent resistance to lifting on press allowing. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ Plus Plate Mounting Tape E1820 is a blue foam tape that provides high quality combination print. Registration 2. Styles of flexo plate mounting machines include machinery for the printing, design, food processing and general packaging industries, and all can be found at Alibaba's store. Platemounting Tapes & Adhesives. After a finishing process,. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Plate Distortion for a . Options available. Infographic-3M Flexographic Plate Mounting: Where Science Meets Craft; CPG Companies Leverage Flexo Printing for Their Brand Packaging and Win; Contact Info. 1. Max repeat: 1850 mm / 72. The Automatic SAMM Postprint is the most advanced corrugated mounting machine for mounting flexo plates onto mylars. Corrugated – Pre Print Mounter. 0 is the world's fastest and most accurate flexo plate mounter. 282. Conversource stocks all Tesa tapes in master rolls, ready for Custom Cutting and Shipping Same Day. FAMM 3. • The adhesive on the non-linered side (cylinder side) of the tape is designed for mounting to flexographic printing cylinders or sleeves, providing easy application at mounting and clean removability when demounting. The Automatic SAMM Postprint is the most advanced mounter for mounting flexo plates onto mylars. J. 38 1020 0. Infographic-3M Flexographic Plate Mounting: Where Science Meets Craft; CPG Companies Leverage Flexo Printing for Their Brand Packaging and Win; Contact Info. 40 hours per week. . Infographic-3M Flexographic Plate Mounting: Where Science Meets Craft; CPG Companies Leverage Flexo Printing for Their Brand Packaging and Win; Contact Info. 020 inch (0. DuPont™ Cyrel® Flexo plates deliver efficiency and consistency for higher quality at higher speeds in a range of package printing applications. When solid and halftone areas are equally important. Anderson & Vreeland, Inc. Using a regular flexo plate to print such a job would result in a gap or seam where the plate’s ends butt up against each other, which would show up in the printed product. We offer more than 1,800 replacement parts for use on most narrow web presses and rewinders. This hardness reduces the dot gain of the plate and helps to. working with interactive cameras to controll the digital positioning of the flexo plates. Categories < All < Tapes; Flexographic Plate Mounting Tapes. AM-23T: 0. New patented tape system - uniting of opposites. The Plate De-Mounting machine was developed by Tectonic International as a simple, effective add-on that reduces the manual force used when removing plates from cylinders or sleeves. The new L. Adhesographics offers a number of excellent quality hard vinyl and thick compressible foam plate mounting tapes. 07004. 3M™ Flexomount™ Plate Mounting Tape 411DL is a double linered, double coated tape designed for mounting photopolymer and rubber printing plates to flexographic printing cylinders or sleeves. Smooth, defect-free adhesive finish for improved bond. They are suitable for all ink and adhesives ,UV-cured inks, water and solvent-based inks. Toll-Free: 866. Flexo recommends using isopropyl alcohol kept at room temperature and a clean rag. plate for mounting, optimizing the mounting time with synchronous movements. Make selections about your print run and what factors are most important, then the product selector will make a recommendation about which 3M flexographic tape is right for your print job. 3M™ Cushion-Mount™ L-series and Pro-series. Combined with our unmatched expertise, our flexo solutions team is equipped to help you maximize the efficiency of your entire press workflow, including plate making. ”. This crosshatched pattern creates a continuous and permanent network of micro-channels, allowing air to escape from between the. 3M™ Flexomount™ Plate Mounting Tape 447DL is a double liner, double coated tape designed for mounting photopolymer and rubber printing plates to flexographic printing. J. Manufacturer: Bieffebi. 5” Repeat range up to 610 mm / 24” Two 50x magnification motorised cameras connected to precision grade ball screws which are directly coupled to positional controlled electric drives to provide highly accurate mounting One button operation to position and mount each plate Easy to use multilingual graphic. 29 March 2021 All Printing Resources (APR) has been appointed to sell and service Camis plate mounting equipment in the United States Hands-free mounter. 282. Then place the mark or microdot on the other side of the plate. Ideal for small patches. It mounts automatically one plate after another in 60 seconds. Camis, with the help of Eurograv in the UK, are the partners for the total work flow range of the flexographic plate mounters . - Foams in 5 different hardness levels: soft, medium soft, medium, medium firm and firm. Despite the fact that sleeve dedicated machines with servo drives, video cameras for plate positioning and computers for.