Wednesday and Friday mornings are by pre-arranged appointment only. Road closures on the Road Race City Centre Circuit will be in place from 00. Malgorzata & Piotr Kasprowicz. Multi-disciplined event will clash with traditional summer road racing calendar. Casper is 10 but young at heart. All our favourite dog betting sites offer a virtual greyhounds betting platform. Armadale Stadium is a motorcycle speedway and former greyhound racing stadium situated in the town of Armadale, West Lothian in Scotland. Published 2nd Oct 2023, 13:00 GMT. . Save search alert. Tenants. The road section begins on. This was on the BBC show Variety Parade, which was a great hit. no hunting homes considered, she isn’t suitable for this as she’s a pet. MD is a retired racing. Ruskell said at Shawfield there have reportedly been 15 dog deaths and 197 injuries recorded between 2017 and 2020 when it closed in the lockdown. These cafes have become more than. Jennifer Freking of Finland, Minn. It was laid out on the site of a farm and former flapping track, it became the venue for the prestigious Scottish Greyhound Derby, and continued dog racing until May 1972. Published 28th Mar 2023, 14:22 GMT. Saltmarket, Glasgow City. on Saturday—don't forget about the 10 cent superfecta. UK & International. Dog training classes at Petco is an affordable option for pet parents. Organisers say: “The Pup Up Cafe is back in Glasgow for a third year running (let’s forget about 2020!) “2022 will be bringing new toys, goodies to buy and tons of new photo ops with tons of new props, we can’t wait for this one!The Carntyne Greyhound Stadium in Glasgow, became the second Greyhound Racing venue to open in Scotland, after Edinburgh’s Powderhall Stadium had been the first during August 1927. Helpful information and advice whether buying for yourself or as a gift for a Horse Racing fan. According to state records, a West Virginia greyhound dies every 10 days and since 2008, nearly 10,000 racing injuries have been reported. GREYHOUND AWARENESS LEAGUE (GAL)GAL is a registered charity in Scotland (SC031027) that rescues and rehomes. View All Packages Christmas Packages Check out our fantastic selection of festive race night packages. Greyhound racing has seen a fall in popularity in recent years. Top dog golfer Graham Rankin on swapping greens for traps as leading greyhound racing trainer For those of us existing in the more hapless hinterlands of modest golfing endeavour, our idea of bursting out of the traps at the start of a round is opening with a seven, a five and an eight. We have 8 beautiful chunky staffordshire bull terrier puppy’s for sale 5 male and 3 females both mother and father of the pups are family pets raised along side with small children both dogs are well. Ilfracombe. I would like to thank Thomas Cunningham for the use of these photos. 72 34 The end of dog racing in Scotland Review of Shawfield Greyhound Stadium Reviewed June 17, 2022 Shawfield has been lying empty since March 2020. GLASGOW FIRHILL. Online shop. Drug testing does occur at Scotland's one regulated race track, Shawfield, but in just. Guaranteed basic £23,000 salary (£442 per week). Relationship between physiologic factors and clinical pain in dogs scored using a numerical rating scale. Supplements may apply to some menu items. GLASGOW CARNTYE STADIUM. Our doors will be reopening to the public on. ‘Witches and wizards’ paedophile gang found guilty of running child sex abuse ring Group told children their 'magic wands' would turn them into 'cats and dogs', High Court in Glasgow heardGLASGOW is to host the 2022 Speedway Grand Prix Challenge meeting in another major coup for the club. Shawfield has been lying empty since March 2020. The industry is regulated by state or local law and greyhound care is regulated by the American Greyhound Council (AGC) [2] and the National Greyhound. There are lots of standard greyhound colours including black, white, blue and fawn. The official website of the Poole Pirates Speedway Team. (Sport) by "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)"; News, opinion and commentary General interest Printer Friendly 31,897,911 articles and books Free Online Library: Dog Racing. It's time to make like Britpop legends and mingle with the masses. With a warm and welcoming atmosphere, The Sparkle Horse is the perfect spot for a relaxed meal with your dog. We have a wealth of knowledge and experience. To receive more information, please contact us. Dogs Trust Glasgow. Booking perks Great atmosphere Flat trail. Dogs Trust Glasgow: Ten adorable dogs looking for their forever home in Glasgow today. All Rights Reserved. Accredited. Shawfield Park (the home of Clyde FC), lay outside the city boundaries but was popular with Glaswegians. Noun: 1. It equalled the Irish open race calendar in. 00:22. In April, Scotland Against Greyhound Exploitation (SAGE) gave evidence of. lurcher for adoption. Elite Dog Spa. Even on licensed tracks, the greyhounds are at risk of serious harm, injury and even death. Shawfield in Glasgow is Scotland's only registered greyhound racing. When forecast betting on a dog race, you will need to choose two greyhounds. Contact Shelter. . Dogs Trust Glasgow 315 Hamilton Road Glasgow Scotland G71 7SL Google Maps. The objective is to select a dog and guide it to victory through. Train your dog to walk nicely on a lead. (Sport) by "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)"; News, opinion and commentary General interest Printer Friendly 30,487,747 articles and books Scotland: Campaigners call for complete ban on greyhound racing with some dogs found drugged with cocaine. com Facebook. Sep 05, 2021 · Dog Agility Training Classes Glasgow. Photographer Michael Busch recently captured some impressive feeding behavior by a humpback whale off the coast of New York’s Long Island. 32 : 7. The dogs raced around a floodlit track on the periphery of the football pitch. org. The country’s last licensed track, Shawfield in Glasgow, shut last year amid claims of dogs being drugged and others being euthanised when their racing days were over. “However, a combination of factors. A race taking place in the United States. 8 in 2 Weeks. There is plenty of open space for your pup to run around and explore, as well as a designated dog walking area. 54 : 5 : 3 : 3 : 3 : 3-1. (270) 678-7604 Visit Website Map & Directions 3472 Scottsville RdGlasgow, KY 42141 Write a Review. The 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships taking place in Glasgow and across Scotland will unite 13 different UCI World Championships between 3 and 13 August. 14 month old lurcher pup having to be rehomed due to change in owners circumstances. 3. GLASGOW SHAWFIELD Closure date added 11. 5), get £30 in Free Bets. Saracen Park, Hawthorn Road, Possilpark, Glasgow. Knockhill is situated just 30 mins from Edinburgh, 40 miles from Glasgow and 2 hours from Aberdeen. P. Here in Scotland, greyhound racing has been in decline since its heyday in the. Shawfield Dog Racing Stadium is located at Rutherglen Road in Glasgow, England. 10. Ruby. It was such an important event at the time that British Pathé News even broadcast about it - check out the footage below. It won't be re-opening even if someone had the will, because the dogs who used to run there have all moved away. On arrival, the path leading to the field was poorly maintained & littered with dog faeces which very obviously, Run Free make no attempt to clear up at any time. at the Cottonwood Inn. Last night, the Unbound the Greyhound coalition projected text that read ‘End Dog Racing in Scotland’ below Edinburgh Castle and Edinburgh’s Lothian Road, onto Glasgow’s former racing track, Shawfield, Glasgow Green’s Mclennan Arch and Barras Market. Scotland’s only currently operating dog track is nine times more dangerous than official venues, campaigners have claimed. If this goes well, you’ll be good to take the dog home. Loughborough. 107. Real Dog Racing Simulator 3D unblocked to be played in your browser or mobile for free. Delving into the exploitative industry of greyhound racing and the promising campaign efforts to end the practice in Scotland. GLASGOW CLYDEHOLM STADIUM. £10 - Annual Membership. Set in the heart of Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, The Stables and The Ploughmans are cottages which have been thoughtfully converted from farm buildings using the original old stone and set within an attractive courtyard next to the farm house. Find a dog Find a cat Find Other Pets. Create that perfect day out or maybe just discover something new near you. Published Dec. The stadium is used as the site for. . End Greyhound racing in Wales. R3. Edinburgh and Loch Lomond will be the starting points for the Elite and Under 23 categories of the road races at the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships taking place in Glasgow and across Scotland next year. Glasgow. It stayed open until 1972 before closure due to the building of the M8 motorway. ← 2022. Portsmouth greyhound racing, Reading greyhound racing, Romford greyhound racing, Shawfield greyhound racing, Glasgow greyhound racing, Sheffield greyhound racing, Sittingbourne. Since the peak of dog racing in 1985, state laws have led to the closure of race-. 2nd: We will explain all about PetStay and what your next steps would be. 5-star rating from 715 reviews. Classy Dog Studios. 1939. The team at Glasgow started his training programme and Niko responded well – he loves to learn, especially for chicken!Glasgow City Centre, Glasgow. Do you rehome to families with children? All the dogs in our care are thoroughly assessed by our behaviour experts to determine their ideal home. Our fee for adopting an adult dog is £225 in England, Wales and Scotland, and £212. Animal Welfare 2007; 16(S):97-104) Date: If Total Score is greater than 5 (4 when not carrying out section B) give analgesicsAlmost 1,000 racing greyhounds died or were killed last year, according to industry figures, prompting animal welfare charities to renew calls for an end to the sport in the UK. It’s not uncommon to strike up a conversation with other dog lovers, sharing stories and tips while your pets exchange playful interactions. Armadale, West Lothian EH48 2PD. Angle Park. Dogs Trust’s rehoming centre in Glasgow look after well over a dozen dogs at any given time - sometimes having over 60 dogs looking for their forever homes. Vegesaurs. As a hobby breeder we only breed the very occasional litter, we breed for Health, Temperament and Type. Glasgow (Shawfield) 1,601,986 London (Charlton) 1,579,299 Coventry (Lythalls Lane) 1,529,244The tradition of dog racing in Dundee dates back to 1928 when the first racecourse opened at Tannadice Park. Fat tire. Greyhound racing at Shawfield Park, 1955. Shawfield will always be home to the mighty Bully Wee. More. Opening hours. 50 option includes: Admission & 2 Course Menu (Main & Dessert) or €20. © 2023 Hestview Ltd. Dog racing is also popular in the UK and Australia and the betting sites feature many events from these countries too. The figures also showed that a total of 4,963 injuries were sustained by dogs within the greyhound racing industry last year. In some parts of the UK, such as in Wales where there is just one track, it is expected that the phase-out period needed will be significantly shorter. animals. Hundreds of dogs make their way through the rehoming site in Mount Vernon each year. [1] When the stadium opened it was known as the White City Sports. Dog owners experiencing homelessness. Annual Pawsitive Play membership costs £10. Within 2 weeks there were 8 ex racers lying comfortably on. Crossbreed - aged 5-7 - male. McCrae denied giving drugs to his dogs but received a £1,500 fine and a 12-month suspended training ban. This photo shows Fleeting Idol winning at Cartyne in 1948. (83 reviews) £22 – £25. Bar snacks start from just £2. Dog Racing. Kelvingrove Park. The closest green spaces in the city. m. Call: 07521 697048. Sessions are held indoor at the training unit in Bishopbriggs with a maximum of 3 dogs. Bonus ball bets not included. 07905 531858 · theperfectpuppycompany. Carntyne Stadium [1] was a multi-sports stadium situated in the Carntyne area of Glasgow, Scotland, used mainly for greyhound racing and speedway . The Scottish derby at Shawfield several years ago (Image: Daily Record) The future of a Lanarkshire dog racing track remains murky as campaigners against the sport spoke at the Scottish Parliament. The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) was designed as a practical decision-making tool for dogs in acute pain, and can be applied quickly and reliably in a clinical setting. ,” as he was known to friends—was born in 1860 to a funeral. Dog Racing Tracks, Information and Betting dog racing, dog tracks, Belle Vue greyhound racing, Manchester greyhound racing, Brighton and Hove greyhound racing, Brough Park greyhound racing, Crayford greyhound racing, Great Yarmouth greyhound. Aside from greyhounds being given banned. Yvonne is the owner of Elite Dog Spa & Day Care which is a City & Guilds Level 3 qualified dog owner. S. track. 59pm on Tuesday, August 8, and from 00. Most racing dogs reportedly spend 95% of their time in a kennel. Albion in Glasgow opened on 21 April 1928 on the Broomloan Road [1] and was described as good size track with a circumference of 457 yards. The dog track site had previously housed an approximately ‘D’ shaped trotting and running tracks, but was redeveloped to stage the new canine sport of greyhound racing. Queens Park Cafe. No health issues. Live greyhound racing in Connecticut ended in 2005, but animal rights advocates continue to push lawmakers to make it illegal here. Shawfield Dog Racing Stadium is located three miles south of Glasgow City, England. Wesser Limited. The Glasgow Tigers speedway. co. Bet on your favorite tracks in one of our many state-of-the-art simulcast areas. Pampered Paws Glasgow. 16 Tracks. 23 Years. Edinburgh Monarchs speedway. Run Free Dog Fields: Great concept for all dogs - See 15 traveler reviews, 14 candid photos, and great deals for Glasgow, UK, at Tripadvisor. Barren River Animal Welfare Association in Glasgow, KY has pets available for adoption. Shrewsbury. If your runner up choice places first, you will lose your bet. The enclosed fields feature a doggy sensory garden and spectacular views of the Glasgow city skyline. Carntyne, Glasgow. November 2023. Gifts and cards. Here in Scotland, greyhound racing has been in decline since its heyday in the. 1960. Races are conducted year-round at both facilities, with a total of 513 race meets held in 2019. Holton LL, Scott EM, Nolan AM, et al. Greyhound racing at Shawfield Park, 1955. Get amazing deals in Glasgow with daily offers with over 50% off - save money now with 5pm. Race Lines for: 2023: Sep 10 : A20 : WD : B : 548 : F : 30. assets. On 6th August 1928 around 35,000 fans watched a boxing match at Carntyne. 3. Greyhound Forecast Bet. dog racing - a race between dogs; usually an occasion for betting on the outcomeBoarding, House Sitting, Drop-In Visits, Doggy Day Care, Dog Walking. You are picking the dog to win and the runner up and both have to place in the spots you select. Find Dogs and Puppies for sale in Glasgow via UKPets. MD is a retired racing. easyfundraising. Email: suzanneparrish@furnomenal. We’re open for general browsing on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday from 12–4pm. Only 15 miles from Glasgow City Centre and 40 miles from Edinburgh with excellent transport links and free parking. Adopt or surrender an Italian Greyhound throughout the United States, learn about volunteer opportunities, or reach out to your local Italian Greyhound rescue organization for help,. From Lurcher puppies to old Jack Russells - and even Rottweilers and American Bulldogs - here are some of the dogs you can rescue from the Glasgow rehoming centre. 7. Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Today's Greyhound Racecards 20 November 2023. Today, the. gov. Glasgow. The Sparkle Horse is a quirky and dog-friendly pub in Glasgow’s West End, offering a great selection of beers, wines, and spirits, as well as a fantastic food menu. G71 7SL. See our list of individual classes and value packages below. He paid £900 to purchase Motts Regret and changed the dogs name to Trev's Perfection. Can anyone point me in the right direction? Or are they the only business in. Dog tags. Watson. Opened. The dog track site had previously housed an approximately ‘D’ shaped trotting and running tracks, but was redeveloped to stage the new canine sport of greyhound racing. 2. £. French Bulldog. Glasgow. Or enter your own amount. Shelbourne Park hosted the first racing in the Republic of Ireland on 14th May 1927. Opening hours. The Greyhound Owner advertises The Ashfield Derby for the first time in 1956. 3 Perennial Poms. 5 acres. The official Greyhound Board of Great Britain track at Shawfield in Rutherglen, Glasgow and Thornton, an independent ‘flapper’ track near Glenrothes in Fife. The short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) is a multi-item behavioral pain assessment. Hutch is a very wired boy who is looking for an active family who are training minded and happy to work on Hutch's basic training. (Sport) by "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)"; News, opinion and commentary General interest Printer Friendly 31,858,834 articles and books BMX Racing: Challenge. New 18+ UK customers only. • 8 reviews. Enjoy a night at the dogs on your stag weekend. Glasgow & West. Online shop. Brooklyn was born in Australia, where he failed as a racer. TIPS. Shawfield Contact Details. Since the peak of dog racing in 1985, state laws have led to the closure of race-. From craft beer tastings to racing cars, why not add a few thrills to your calendar?. Campaigners have asked Holyrood's rural affairs committee. The Greyhound Board of Great Britain estimates 18,345 dogs were injured from racing in the UK, with more than 3,000 deaths from 2017 to 2020. - See 385 traveler reviews, 116 candid photos, and great deals for Glasgow, UK, at Tripadvisor. An award-winning 5-star VisitScotland attraction. But. Adventure Activities In Scotland. Greyhound Racing Ireland is responsible for the control and development of the greyhound industry in Ireland. One million UK customers is ample evidence of that. Dogs Trust Glasgow 315 Hamilton Road Glasgow Scotland G71 7SL Google Maps. GLASGOW BLANTYRE STADIUM. Charity shops. is racing in the marathon, while her 12-year old daughter Elena is tackling the 40-mile race. 2. Please Gamble Responsibly. The 13th Note is a live music venue that offers gigs, free exhibition space, a veggie/vegan cafe along with quiz and songwriter nights. Gizmo. Five of. (Sport) by "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)"; News, opinion and commentary General interest Printer Friendly 31,897,911 articles and booksFree Online Library: Dog Racing. Male - Staffordshire Bull Terrier - aged over 8. Several of the findings of this research have been adopted by working dog agencies in the UK and overseas to derive policy aimed at improving performance and welfare of their dogs. I am a qualified Guide Dog Trainer, Autism Assistance Dog Trainer, Separation Anxiety Pro, with diplomas in Canine Behaviourism, Canine Psychology and. Instantly access today's Greyhound Racing Results from the best dog racetracks around the world. Glasgow Times. DATE CONSTRUCTED-----Began in 1937 as a football stadium. Printer Friendly. Even on licensed tracks, the greyhounds are at risk of serious harm, injury and even death. Dogs Trust is the UK's largest Dog Welfare Charity. The end of dog racing in Scotland. Give your dog attention and daily exercise with our local and friendly dog walking service. While there are some restrictions in place to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all visitors, there are still plenty of opportunities to explore the gardens and enjoy the beautiful surroundings with. Schedule a dog training class at Petco Glasgow, KY! Services include group classes from $149 - $379, private lessons, & certification programs. over 235 reports of animals in need. Their next move, secured by their agent Joe Collins (father of Joan Collins and Jackie Collins), was to the ATV show Sunday Night at the London Palladium, which at the time. m. 23, 2020. Valid pain-related outcome measures are also crucial for ensuring reliable and translatable findings in veterinary clinical trials. From 19$. The end of dog racing in Scotland. As of the end of 2015, there were 3,351 greyhounds in the pool of racing dogs. Greyhound racing Origins White City Greyhound Stadium c. . Few of us will ever forget the 2007 prosecution of a man in Wales who was thought to have killed 10,000 greyhounds. It is a riveting. Our shops. Owen Sharp, Dogs Trust Chief Executive, says:The Glasgow Necropolis is a great place to take your dog for a walk. Many people have been there at least once, and their Dads and Grandads also used to go. The Stables, Glasgow. Brooklyn's riveting story is one of horrific cruelty, love, and compassion. 21/07/2023 . Racing is held here on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday evenings. 5-7 August - BMX Freestyle Park (Glasgow Green, Glasgow) 6 August - Mountain Bike Marathon (Glentress Forest, Tweed Valley) 6-9 & 12-13 August - BMX Racing (Glasgow BMX Centre, Glasgow)1. in Business. Wednesday and Friday mornings are by pre-arranged appointment only. Dog racing started in Shawfield in 1932. Dog tags. “Glasgow 2023 may be remembered for all the wrong reasons. Open race competitions increased again, in terms of prize money and frequency, with no less than ten UK events (not including the Derby) offering a first prize of £20,000 or more, including the returning Pall Mall Stakes at Oxford Stadium and a series of events sponsored by Premier Greyhound Racing. Witness LIVE dog track racing Wednesday - Friday at 7:00 p. For example, Glasgow is home to Pollok, James Hamilton, Alexandra, Overtoun, Barshaw, Kelingrove, Rouken Glen,. View More Fab 5 Package Make the most of Friday and. Cashew. Car Parking. Location. Glasgow. Free Online Library: DOG RACING. tracks closed at the end of 2020. Kenilworth. Check out Glasgow Dog Grooming in Glasgow - explore pricing, reviews, and open appointments online 24/7! Glasgow Dog Grooming - Glasgow - Book Online - Prices, Reviews, Photos Booksy logoMono is located at: 12 King St, Glasgow Metropolitan Area G1 5RB. Shawfield in Glasgow is Scotland's only registered greyhound. Find 19,961 Puppies & Dogs in Glasgow near me needing forever homes. Located on Great Western Road, 1051 GWR is a bar and grill focused on serving great homemade food, a whole host of craft beers and real. Casper. The beautiful nine year old beagle is looking for a quiet home. © 2023 Greyhound Racing Ireland. American, Fast food, Sandwiches, Vegetarian options. 2 Parade of Puppies. The most common injury is a broken leg but at least one. There was no adoption program. Greyhound racing has been active in the UK since the late 1920s, and the once wildly popular past-time has been coming under heavy scrutiny by animal welfare groups over the past years, especially in Scotland. Dog racing is a 20th-century outgrowth of the older sport of coursing, in which dogs hunted by sight rather than scent. The Singl-End Cafe was also very welcoming of dogs. If claims by anti-dog racing groups of deaths and injuries are true then it's better it closes. 2. checkout. com or leave a message on our forum. Link/Page Citation Toms The Best bids to live up to his name by landing the Pounds 50,000 William Hill Greyhound Derby final at Wimbledon. Pollok Country Park is one of the largest parks in Glasgow, covering over 360 acres. Publications by Name Publications by Date Authors Literature; A-D E-O P-T U-Z:Scotland: Campaigners call for complete ban on greyhound racing with some dogs found drugged with cocaine. Tickets 4 Day Bundle from £20. View full schedule of events. This is why it is imperative that the Scottish Government commits to a phase out of greyhound racing to ensure that the industry isn’t re-established further down the line. Three hundred dogs, picked from some of the best kennels in this country, will take place in the thirty day meet. With two intermediates per lap, including one just seconds after the race starts, there’s much to discuss along with our usual topics of bike choice, strategic options, and. 2 Since 2008, over 11,000 dogs have been injured. Our intuitive platform means that placing a bet is a hassle-free experience! Show More. The show must go on. 2024 →. 2 Comments. The 13th NoteSituated between the Merchant City and the River Clyde on King Street, the 13th Note is a relaxed music bar offering great. Click or just drag and drop a photo here We projected ‘End dog racing in Scotland’ onto Glasgow’s former racing track, Shawfield, Glasgow Green’s Mclennan. The nonprofit's annual Rig Rendezvous race and fundraiser is set for Saturday, Nov. Racing. Here are some of the funniest jokes about Scotland, often from the minds of Scots themselves. 5. 2. 2023 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year. At present the Stadium is only used for dog racing the but in the past it has been the home to football team Clyde FC and Glasgow Tigers speedway team. Updated 28th Mar 2023, 14:29 GMT. Hutch at the Dogs Trust - Glasgow. Opening hours. Tickets are already on sale for the event which is due to take place on Sunday April 24 between 10am and 5. 32678 likes · 1085 talking about this. Dog racing is a sport run by greyhounds. The official Greyhound Board of Great Britain track at Shawfield in Rutherglen, Glasgow and Thornton, an independent ‘flapper’ track near Glenrothes in Fife. It seems that Celtic Park was also used for Greyhound racing in 1945-46 this registration card shows three races at Parkhead. Welcome to GreyhoundsLiveStream. Wednesday and Friday mornings are by pre-arranged appointment only. tracks closed at the end of 2020. £28. Children menu's available on night - €16. 4. Over 427 pet owners in Glasgow have left a review, with an average of 4. 1. Find you best friend within the thousand breeds available on Gumtree: Labradors, Cockers, Golden Retrievers, Boxers and many more. Play now Real Dog Racing Simulator 3D for free on LittleGames. (Sport) by "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)"; News, opinion and commentary General interest. netTo achieve a higher rating, businesses boarding dogs need to achieve: 100% of the required higher standards. Dog owners experiencing homelessness. Website: 7. Glasgow lives up to its name, The Dear Green Place, with over 90 parks and gardens — ideal when you're travelling with a dog. Dog racing's uses up to 3 different email patterns. 1. We are totlly independant and volunteer ran.