Dry AMD happens when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down. The conversion to wet AMD can occur at any stage of dry AMD, but is more likely in. Solutions available. For nonexudative and exudative AMD, stages have been added, and these are mandatory to use. n engl j med 385;6 nejm. 3132 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, intermediate dry stage . 3191 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Metformin users had no reduction in any AMD (ICD-10 diagnostic code) risk (adjusted OR 1. Source ICD-10-CM Code Target ICD-9-CM Code; H35. People with large drusen (≥125. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. The above description is abbreviated. Putting it all together, the code for a patient with bilateral intermediate dry AMD is H35. It accounts for 50% of blind and partially sighted registrations ( Macular Society 2017 ). Drusen formation have been noted in the peripheral regions with age, however, in early dry AMD. H35. In the early form of dry AMD, it is possible to identify drusen with small/intermediate size without vision loss. These capabilities allow. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. For more information, review the Academy’s AMD decision tree. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. ”. 3124 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The estimated global prevalence of AMD is 8. Short description: Nonexudative age-related mclr degn, unsp, early dry stage The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. The eye will be indicated by the sixth digit in the ICD-10 code, and the stage of AMD will be the seventh digit. 9% in patients with large bilateral drusen at baseline (n = 241) to 44. The non-neovascular advanced stage of dry atrophic AMD also known as geographic atrophy involves degeneration of the RPE, retina and the choriocapillaris with well-demarcated borders, resembling the map of a ‘continent’ (Figures 1F–J). 32 may differ. ICD-10; CME/CE; MPR App; Haymarket Medical Network. Example: H34. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. A larger portion of the center of vision may become blurred, and straight lines appear wavy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology allows the acquisition of cross-sectional images of the retina with semihistologic resolution. 3210 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Code History. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 30 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. To further refine the specific benefits of antioxidants, a randomized controlled clinical trial, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), was performed. People may refer to the condition as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD) as it. The central vision is affected, resulting in difficulty in reading, driving, etc. 10 The ICD-9-CM classification of AMD is contained in Appendix Figure 3. 2 mg of copper (as cupric oxide). This code description may also have Includes, Excludes, Notes, Guidelines, Examples and other information. Other Diseases Of The Conjunctiva Due To Viruses And Chlamydiae. Access to this feature is available in the following products:1. It permits to define the location and nature of the changes in the retina and adjacent structures and objectively evaluates the thickness of the retina and surrounding structures. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly patients [1] and is classified as either non-exudative (i. Angiogenesis Inhibitors. 3191 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 31xx) and wet AMD (H35. 8320 Branch venous occlusion with macular edema, left eye. 3111 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. When advanced ARMD involves the fovea, which is the photoreceptor-rich center of the macula, patients can experience profound vision loss. Ag e-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide and the leading cause of legal blindness among people aged 65 years and older in the United States. that date, the ICD-10 codes take effect, and you would report H35. 7) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code R68. There are two main types — dry and wet. 3231 is applicable to adult patients aged 15 - 124 years inclusive. collect in the macula. ForeseeHome is appropriate for the types of patients you see every day, specifically those with unilateral or bilateral intermediate dry AMD, or wet AMD in one eye and intermediate dry AMD in their fellow eye. A retina with soft drusen from dry AMD. Intermediate AMD Consists of extensive intermediate drusen, at least 1 large druse. 3123 became effective on October 1, 2023. Effective for: Intermediate AMD in one or both eyes or advanced AMD in only one eye. The intermediate stage of dry AMD is characterized by larger-sized drusen. 1-3 It is estimated that approximately half of all causes of severe vision loss (20/200 or worse) in US individuals living over the age of 40 are. The evidence doesn't show benefit in taking these supplements for people with early-stage dry macular degeneration. 2016 (effective 10/1/2015): New code (first year of non-draft ICD-10-CM) Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use. The macula is the part of the retina with the highest concentration of cones, which are essential for central vision. Loss of vision may still occur. ↓ See below for any exclusions,. 54 - other international versions of. Access to this feature is available in the following products:ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes. “AREDS” stands for the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, a NIH clinical trial that enrolled more. by. ICD-10-CM Code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, intermediate dry stage H35. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H02. 3121 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in developed countries. Wet AMD Fundus Photographs. May include GA of . 3122 H35. Short description: Exudative age-related mclr degn, left eye, stage unspecified The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 88 may differ. Summary. It is the leading cause of blindness in. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. 2 mg of zeaxanthin. H35. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AMD, defined as at least one hospital discharge or two outpatient visits with an AMD diagnosis by an ophthalmologist (ICD-9-CM codes 362. H35. 30 may differ. Researchers don’t know the actual cause of the eye changes that lead to geographic atrophy, but they think your immune system (complement cascade) plays a role. 3123 - Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, advanced. 31x2 for intermediate dry AMD—extensive intermediate drusen (> 63 μm and ≤ 124 μm) or at least 1 large drusen (≥ 125 μm). Geographic Atrophy* / therapy. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. In the second stage (early AMD), there are some intermediate drusen whose diameter is ≥ 63 μm and ≤124 μm but with no retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell abnormalities. A new tool that improves mitochondria function may soon become available to slow the advance of AMD. 82 A Phase 2 study is being designed for dry-AMD patients. H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H02. 3112, nonexudative AMD, right eye, intermediate stage. 1, 2015. n engl j med 385;6 nejm. Sudden-onset of blurring or distortion of vision is often the presenting symptom in the neovascular form. However, effective Oct. Your gradually lose your central vision. A groundbreaking, new frontier in macular degeneration treatment has been announced! With the FDA’s approval of Syfovre™, for the first time there’s hope to preserve sight for millions of patients with. Meetings. It is found in the 2024. 3114 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 3192 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, intermediate dry stage . The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM I88. 3211 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 3113 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Purpose To analyze the association between glucosamine (GlcN) use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Central vision becomes blurry, often quickly, and there may also be blind. The most common types of macular degeneration are age-related dry macular degeneration and age-related wet macular degeneration. ICD 10 code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left. Short description: Nexdtve age-related mclr degn, left eye, intermed dry stage The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 811, H36. There are two forms of macular degeneration: dry and wet. ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes . Short description: Nexdtve age-rel mclr degn, r eye, adv atrpc w/o sbfvl invl The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 3132 - Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral [intermediate dry stage] H35. 321, H35. 3132 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, intermediate dry stage . Next Code: H35. 3133This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. H35. 1, 2016, both wet and dry AMD now require laterality and staging. e. 31 (Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration). Syfovre (pegcetacoplan) injection is used to treat geographic atrophy (GA), which is the dry advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the early form of dry AMD, it is possible to identify drusen with small/intermediate size without vision loss. According to the AAO, if. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of B20 - other international versions of ICD-10 B20 may differ. Toggle Menu. Key Points. One important consideration for an AMD mouse model is the incorporation of advanced aging, as aging is the strongest risk factor for human AMD. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes. Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, intermediate dry stage H35. H35. With the aging of population, AMD will become globally an increasingly important and prevalent disease worldwide. 5% for mild and 8. Age-related macular degeneration is a potentially progressive maculopathy. ForeseeHome is cleared for patients who have a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/60 or better and who have the following intermediate dry AMD ICD-10 codes: H35. 223 - other international versions of ICD-10 H52. 1 million adults age 50 years and older in the US had AMD. Access to this feature is available in the following products:The time from last retinal evaluation to second-eye diagnosis was 68 days ± 64 days. Overview of GA. 3133 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. There are five stages, including unspecified, listed for dry AMD. code (s) to identify all manifestations of HIV infection. 6%) of the population aged 40 years and older in 2019. 51) and exudative AMD (ICD-9-CM code 362. Get crucial instructions for accurate ICD-10-CM H35. The following ICD-10-CM Code Edits are applicable to this code:. There is no proven treatment to halt the progression of this degeneration. H35. 3111 H35. 3122 (OS) H35. Search Page 1/1: h3531. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. 03 G92. Pages 8. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. vision if superimposed on the foveal region. 313 for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . 31 2 2 H35. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive long-term medical condition, the management of which involves lifestyle changes, medical intervention and rehabilitation. 31 3 2 H35. 3194. 31. 3210 became effective on October 1, 2023. H35. Geographic atrophy isn’t contagious. control (HR 1. ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes . Decreased vision. (DRY) EXUDATIVE (WET) Stage Active? H35. ICD-10-CM Code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, intermediate dry stage H35. 3124 became effective on October 1, 2023. intermediate adv. All AMD starts as the dry form, which may progress from early to intermediate and advanced stages, the last of which is called geographic atrophy. The following ICD-10-CM Code Edits are applicable to this code:. 311 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. After the trial ended in 2001, there was a two-year hiatus, and then 70 percent of the participants resumed the vitamins once they became available in 2003. Dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) is a chronic eye disease that can impair vision and progress to severe central vision loss []. 3131 dry (nonexudative) amd, intermediate dry stage H35. Clinical relevance: Nonexudative MNV is now known to be more prevalent in patients with AMD. The study met its primary endpoint with 48 percent of patients in the risuteganib arm at week 28 gaining ≥ 8 letters from baseline, compared to 7. H35. Short description: Nexdtve age-related mclr. Atrophy typically develops slowly over. Your gradually lose your central vision. 3231 may differ. 3113 Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, advanced atrophic without subfoveal involvement. Patients with dry AMD in advanced form can progress to as profound a visual loss as that occurring in patients with wet AMD. Z83. 3192 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. In other studies, the prevalence of AMD in persons over age 85 has been estimated at 30% ( 10 ). In dry AMD, the cells of the macula slowly break down. 52). This supplement does not reverse existing vision damage. 8 million (12. left eye, intermediate dry stage; H35. 3231 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. It is estimated that about 80 percent (8 out of 10) of people who suffer AMD. 3192 - Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, intermediate dry stage; H35. 1-3 AMD is the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 60 in the UK and. Cancer Therapy Advisor;. The code is not specific and is NOT valid for the year 2023 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. 311 may differ. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. Syfovre is a complement inhibitor that works to slow the growth of GA lesions, to help preserve vision by reducing more significant vision loss and blindness. 89, H36. 10. -) Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. Fluorescein. In geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry AMD, large confluent drusen form on BrMb, and hyperpigmentation (presumably dysfunction in RPE) appears to be the initial insult. With wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina, leak blood or other fluids, and. 80 mg of zinc (as zinc oxide). When using code H35. The following ICD-10-CM Code Edits are applicable to this code:. Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye. 3131 for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, early dry stage is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . 3% in patients with large bilateral drusen and RPE changes at baseline (n = 636) and. Dry is the early form of the disease, and wet is the advanced. 4 + 0. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. Short description: Nonexudative age-related mclr degn, unsp, early dry stage The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 32 is a non-billable diagnosis code for exudative age-related macular degeneration, use codes with a higher level of specificity: H35. Patients. ”. Risk Factors. This should be indicated by a label on the lenses. You may have heard of “dry” and “wet” AMD; dry AMD is classified into early, intermediate, and advanced stages. 3131 for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, early dry stage is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . Macular degenerative changes involve the central part of the retina that is the fovea. Macular degeneration occurs when the small central portion of the retina, known as the macula, deteriorates. Wet AMD. 1 INTRODUCTION. 821,. 3130 became effective on October 1, 2023. Regular astigmatism, bilateral. µm), few intermediate drusen (> 63 µm and ≤ 124 µm), or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities. The early and intermediate AMD types, presented in 90% of AMD patients, are characterized by the presence of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities. Those with intermediate AMD in one or both eyes could take the AREDS2 formula as it may slow vision loss and development of advanced. There’s no treatment for late dry AMD, but you can find ways to make the most of. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial condition and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population, with the number of affected patients predicted to be 288 million by 2040. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. 31 became effective on October 1, 2023. 3113 became effective on October 1, 2023. H35. 52), as identified by the corresponding ICD-9-CM codes. 0-); salivary gland hyposecretion (K11. 4 million by 2050. 2 (because this condition was more common in older age groups). Presented at: The American Academy. Both the HOME study and the real-world study enrolled eyes from the same intermediate dry AMD population with visual acuity of 20/60 or better, which explained why less than 2 eyes per patient were. Neovascular AMD is characterized clinically and angiographically as occult, classic, or mixed. 3193 became effective on October 1, 2023. ICD 10 code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration,. Identified Q&As 1. Macular degeneration, also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), refers to a gradual loss of central vision. 1 Classification of the various. 3112 - Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, intermediate dry stage. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, advanced. 3213 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The area of intraretinal RPE migration on OCT always correlated to areas of pigment clumping on fundus photography. 7%, and in. 7%, and in. The conversion to wet AMD can occur at any stage of dry AMD, but is more likely in. 2 - intermediate dry stage 3 - advanced atrophic, without subfoveal involvement, advanced dry stage 4 - advanced atrophic, with subfoveal involvement. 68) and. org August 5, 2021 Clinical Practice H35. 3113 H35. Documentation supports an established level 3 E/M code, 99213 with an allowable of $142. 3131 for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, early dry stage is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the. high. 3. In a North American study (N = 3,549), the incidence of dry AMD was also associated with baseline drusen status, with the 10-year incidence risk of dry AMD diagnosis increasing from 9. Many investigational trials,. Decreased contrast sensitivity can also occur with early AMD. 00 G92. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the human retina which in its most aggressive form is associated with the formation of macular neovascularization (MNV) and subretinal fibrosis leading to irreversible blindness. Usually, dry AMD progresses very slowly. Neovascular AMD comprises 10% of all cases and can lead to devastating visual loss due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). ForeseeHome is cleared for patients who have a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/60 or better and who have the following intermediate dry AMD ICD-10 codes: H35. 0); dry mouth due to Sjögren syndrome (M35. As our study analyzed all stages of dry AMD (early, intermediate, and advanced) together, we are unable to assess relationships between metformin use and specific stages of AMD, an important analysis that ought to be pursued in future studies, as these associations may differ among early, intermediate, and advanced dry AMD. 30 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Unlike diabetes, the eye indicator is in the sixth position (see red numerals in Tables 3 and 4) and staging is in the seventh position (see green. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H40. 3123 H35. 30 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z83. 31 1 1 H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H52. 30 - other international versions of ICD-10 D31. 30. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is of two different types – Dry AMD – Regarded as a common type, dry AMD occurs when parts of the macula get thinner with age and tiny yellow deposits of protein (called drusen) grow in the macula. Dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) is a chronic eye disease that can impair vision and progress to severe central vision loss . The advanced GA stage involves the loss of RPE and choroid in at least the macular region of the retina, which leads to a gradual loss of photoreceptors and central vision [ 6 – 8 ]. In patients with dry AMD, HRF are associated with calcified drusens. 3132 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 88 : H00-H59. ICD-10 coding and. Short description: Nexdtve age-rel mclr degn, r eye, adv atrpc with sbfvl invl The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the pathophysiology, clinical and. 3113 - Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, advanced atrophic. It accounts for 8. Patients with intermediate disease may struggle with low contrast sensitivity and need task lighting. wet AMD mean? All patients with AMD begin with the non-neovascular, or dry, form. H35. Short description: Exudative age-rel mclr degn, right eye, stage unspecified The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. The clinical manifestations of non-exudative AMD range from incidental findings of drusen to geographic atrophy causing significant vision loss, and. Sudden-onset of blurring or distortion of vision is often the presenting symptom in the neovascular form. New ICD-10 Codes for Diabetic Retinopathy and AMD O n Oct. ICD-10 code H35. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. Advanced AMD diagnosis. 3191 became effective on October 1, 2023. 4. Short description: Nexdtve age-related mclr degn, bilateral, intermed dry stage The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. This heterogeneous condition arises from a complex interplay between age, genetics, and environmental factors including smoking and diet. 1 – early dry stage. 3191 in. It is found in the 2023 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2022 - Sep 30, 2023 . eating a diet low in fruits and vegetables. In a phase 2a clinical trial, patients with intermediate dry AMD were randomized to intravitreal risuteganib or sham injections. Previous Code: H35. old tributary (branch) retinal vein occlusion. 30. 1 About 10% of patients with dry AMD will develop subretinal or choroidal neovascular. 30 became effective on October 1, 2023. 1, thousands of new and revised ICD-10 codes go into effect, including 368 that. 31x2 for intermediate dry AMD—extensive intermediate drusen (> 63 µm and ≤ 124 µm) or at least 1 large drusen (≥ 125 µm). This is the American ICD-10-CM version of D31. 31 1 3 H35. Dry AMD may advance and cause loss of vision without turning into the wet form of the disease. 3112 H35. Patients with wet AMD often have symptoms which can alert healthcare professionals to a macular. In dry AMD, yellowish cellular debris called drusen accumulates, which can cause atrophy and scarring to the retina. The retina is a layer of neurosensory tissue in the eye that converts light into neural signals that the brain interprets as images. Introduction. GA is less common than neovascular AMD and it is responsible for 10-20% of cases of legal blindness in this condition(2,3,4), affecting more than 5 million people wordwilde (5). Indicated for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Past and Future Meetings. Ask your eye doctor if taking supplements is right for you. However, the data on anatomical and pathophysiological changes correlating with this visual acuity gain are lacking, and we retain a significant amount of skepticism on whether these. The classification of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is based on the phenotype characteristics assessed within 2 disc diameters of the fovea in people aged more than 55 years. It is found in the 2022 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2021 - Sep 30, 2022 . In industrialized countries, macular degeneration is the most common cause of severe vision loss in older. ICD-10-CM Coding Rules. Table 4: Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Right eye Left eye bilateral dry (nonexudative) amd, early dry stage H35. It is important to realize that people rarely go blind from it. ICD-10-CM Code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, intermediate dry stage H35. This section shows you chapter-specific coding guidelines to increase your understanding and correct usage of the target ICD-10-CM Volume 1 code. You can have AMD in one eye only, or have different stages of AMD in each eye. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. 31 3 1 H35. Similar changes to exudative AMD include laterality with the different stages of wet AMD also defined by the seventh character. H35. 1 Within the advanced stage, there are 2 distinct forms: wet or neovascular AMD (nAMD) and dry AMD. 3114 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 313 : H00-H59. Genetic and environmental factors also likely play a part. Patients with another form of. H35. 1, laterality is required when coding for AMD, in addition to staging. ,. 3111 became effective on October 1, 2023. e. 3110 became effective on October 1, 2023. 3231 contain annotation back-references. 45). The above description is abbreviated. Challenges with depth perception or swiss. 1 became effective on October 1, 2023. 52. 7%).