When I first tied this it didn't work and it appears that before you can use the microseconds calls, the system timer has to be reset in the right at the start of usercode. osapi. Task. at this time it still runs with plane arduino code on a esp8266, there i am using counters for the delays. This code works fine, however I want to improve it to get to better time scales, by using the ESP. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. The argument is an unsigned long which on a 16-bit Arduino is a 32-bit unsigned integer type, having a maximum value of 4,294,967,295. Delay functions. Subtracting 53 from every count gives me a count accurate to within a few tens of picoseconds, for periods from 30 microseconds to about 500 microseconds. At the end, add a delay of 100 ms. Hello community, I made a function that should be able to create a delay for a certain number of microseconds, here the code. I vaguely. attach (9); To move the servo arm, you use the servo. Assume in an ISR you handle the incoming bytes from a UART. there is a delay in the servo write instruction (15ms as I could trace). The two hardware timers are: RTC timer: This timer allows time keeping in various sleep modes, and can also persist time keeping across any resets (with the exception of power-on resets. Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quicklyErfahrene Programmierer vermeiden normalerweise die Verwendung von delay () für das Timing von Ereignissen, die länger als 10 Millisekunden sind, es sei denn, der Arduino-Sketch ist sehr einfach. 0, FastLED. At first glance you may doubt the usefulness of this function. Also delayMicroseconds() is a possibility. #19 สอนใช้งาน Arduino แสดงข้อความออกจอ LCD 1602. It is the most direct replacement for the Arduino delay() method. first of all, many thanks for this great library and toolset for ArduinoIDE to work with ESP8266. – mark-hahn. You will actually notice the delay in the response from the server when you call colorwipe totally at the end of the function server. To put the ESP8266 in deep sleep mode, use ESP. Reads a pulse (either HIGH or LOW) on a pin. txt and change main. More knowledgeable programmers usually avoid the use of delay () for timing of events longer than 10’s of milliseconds unless the Arduino sketch is very simple. I haven't tested with more lamps yet. If everything went ok then you should see the LED connected to GPIO4 blinking with delay of 500 microseconds. For accurate timing over short intervals, consider using micros (). 024 milliseconds, then incrementing by 2 (rather than 1) every 41 or 42 ticks, to pull it back into synch; thus some millis () values are skipped. The steps to connect the Ultrasonic sensor to the board are listed below: Connect the VCC pin of HC-SRO4 to 5V of the Arduino board. b) 3 Microseconds. delay() – Busyloops the processor for a specified number of microseconds. Technique #4 – Use RTOS yield function. millis() and micros() return the number of milliseconds and microseconds elapsed after reset, respectively. The timing of these timers depends upon the clock and varies from one board to the other. Sent 122389760, Got response 0, Round-trip delay 116644 microseconds Now sending Sent 123508764, Got response 0, Round-trip delay 18640 microseconds Now sending Sent 124529728, Got response 0, Round-trip delay 18308 microseconds Now sending Sent 125550348, Got response 0, Round-trip delay 18424 microseconds so this code executes 50 times a second. Single-Shot Delay. Then we select the prescaler to apply to the timer clock signal. utime. Add a comment. THE TICK is a new Netflix show. In this demo code, we create three functions such as servo0, servo90, servo180, which rotate servo motor 0, 90 and 180 degrees respectively. This is the documentation for the latest development branch of MicroPython and may refer to features that are not available in released versions. This function attempts to provide an accurate delay of at least us microseconds, but it may take longer if the system has other higher priority processing to perform. Hence, the max deep sleep interval appears to be ~71. More knowledgeable programmers usually avoid the use of delay () for timing of events longer than 10’s of milliseconds unless the Arduino sketch is very simple. Serial communication that appears. first of all, many thanks for this great library and toolset for ArduinoIDE to work with ESP8266. On the firmware end, the Espressif SDK has made a systemdeepsleep([uint32t timein_us]) function available, which puts the ESP8266 to sleep for a specified number of microseconds. int outPin = 8; // digital pin 8 void setup() { pinMode(outPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output } void loop() { digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH); // sets the pin on delayMicroseconds(50); // pauses for 50 microseconds digitalWrite(outPin, LOW); // sets the pin off delayMicroseconds(50); // pauses for 50 microseconds } Reference ¶ Interrupts ¶ Interrupts can be used on the ESP8266, but they must be used with care and have several limitations: Interrupt callback functions must be in IRAM, because the flash may be in the middle of other operations when they occur. Then post here. I am trying the run stepper motor with the tmc2208 driver and ı want to delay in microseconds like 5uS or 10 uS. 5 NANOseconds. View Answer. 2^32 / 1000000 / 60 = 71. ESP32 Timers. ี2. Anyway i need first to turn on the inverter with pin 12 then 8s dealy beucase it takes some time to get 230V at output of inverter and then trigger the contactors. tmr. h header file syntax for Sleep () function is Sleep (time_in_ms) as. digitalWrite (pin_no4, HIGH); // triac firing. sleep_us (us) ¶ Delay for given number of microseconds, should be positive or 0. Executing setTimeout takes only a few microseconds to complete. Then I thought to make the delay smaller so I changed delay(1) to delayMicroseconds(100) and it did crash again. Cooperative multitasking for Arduino, ESPx, STM32 and other microcontrollers. 5. Post by filo_gr » Thu Sep 09, 2021 6:57 am . ticks_ms # get millisecond counter delta = time. Then post here. However, be aware that micros. cpp","contentType":"file. ESP8266 Report Bugs Showcase; Chinese Forum 中文社区 活动区 乐鑫活动专区 讨论区 ESP-IDF 中文讨论版 《ESP32-C3 物联网工程开发实战》书籍讨论版 ESP-AT 中文讨论版 ESP-BOX 中文讨论版 ESP IoT Solution 中文讨论版 ESP-ADF 中文讨论版 Description. sleep_us (10) # sleep for 10 microseconds start = time. Hi, The thing with uS delays under software control is you need to clearly understanding you're tolerances. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. This code works fine, however I want to improve it to get to better time scales, by using the ESP. I'm trying to create a script to run on a Raspberry Pi Pico that takes two time variables time1 = utime. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond, and a million microseconds in a second. pdf (146 KB) with delay. It may be used either to read voltage at ADC pin, or to read. 3 volts and its pins are also 3. Contents [ hide] 1 Aim of Experiment. The constructor for this class receives as input a numeric value from 0 to 3, indicating the hardware timer to be used (the ESP32 has 4 hardware timers). time. Updating TZ. vTaskDelay(500 / portTICK_RATE_MS); You can use vTaskDelay () even if not using FreeRTOS tasks. It's important to note that the sleep time is specified in microseconds (µs). The code below is an example of a timer initialization. only needed if you want ESP8266 to be woken from DeepSleep by internal timer). Hey I am currently trying to send a POST request at my Firestore Function through ESP8266 but it returns -5 everytime. pdf (147 KB) With ticker delayMicroseconds BMP180 failed. Thanks. time. Remember that there is a lot of code that. You can have as many Tickers as you like, memory being the. Problem-relevant YAML-configuration entries: switch : - platform: gpio pin: 16 id: buzzer binary_sensor : - platform: pn532 uid: 06-8C-21-EC id: 'tag068C21EC' on_press : -. I've also tried adding delays between each function to no avail. sleep_ms (500) # sleep for 500 milliseconds time. interval() – Changes a registered timer’s expiry interval. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. tmr. delay(ms) pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. Some Arduino libraries require it even for sending. The answers above are wrong, at least for NodeMCU 0. c files provided in Port folder if it suits your platform. Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383; larger values can produce an extremely short delay. Actually, we have connected one module over UART with ESP32 chip in our product. For example, they will allow you to write multitasks programs very easily, and thus avoid using the delay() function. an unsigned char would extend time by 256 * 50 days. 2) Blink multiple LED with different interval. The arduino delay () function creates a blocking delay of the provided number of milliseconds. By defining USE_US_TIMER and using system_timer_reinit () one can get microsecond accurate timers. 3V. The code will be compiled and uploaded to the ESP8266 wifi module. Ticker is library for calling functions repeatedly with a certain period. According to the features used by an application, there are some sub sleep modes. To put the ESP8266 in deep sleep mode for an indefinite period of time use ESP. The solution (easy way) is to make a new connection every time you want to send data. For a full example, refer to PlatformIO ESP-IDF ESP32 blink. 1) In summary: To read an analog value you use. read () with simple timeout functionality. IoT Live Weather Station. On the ESP32, the bootrom is much bigger (7*64k) than on the ESP8266: ROM0 - 0x4000 0000 to 0x4006 ffff. Return : number of microseconds since esp_timer_init was called (this normally happens early during application startup). ESP8266 Platforms; ESP8266 Arduino; General Discussions; ESP8266 how to scatter out the delays() properly. On the ESP32, this is the APB_CLK clock, clocked at 80 MHz. Use sleep_us() for more precise delays. 5) nRF52 (tested on nRF52832)I was looking for a simple a way to delay switching on the edge detecting side but I couldn't find out how. a) To create a delay in blink without using the delay () function. Thanks. now() – Returns the system counter, which counts in microseconds. Adding a call to system_timer_reinit (); in the user_init routine in core_esp8266_main. if it will have worked done. You may also try creating your own delay function like the following (following code is not calibrated for microsecond). sleep_ms ( 500 ) # sleep for 500 milliseconds time . If you need better resolution, micros () may be the way to go. As you can see I measure the time between two instants using esp_timer_get_time() (this funcion returns an uint64_t with the number of microseconds starting from the power up). You start the delay and then. 3V Vcc (Vcc cannot exceed 3. Delay and timing. : read a DHT. delay(ms)pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. You should explicitly declare your delay value as an. Only if the time was set by SNTP, we will also update the date/time of the RTC. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. neither timer0, timer1, ticker library ( with US function implemented ) does not work properly. It is the most direct replacement for the Arduino delay() method. Let us now assume that 1/C is faster than the delay you want to wait. GPIO get input level. Remember that there is a lot of code that needs to run on the chip besides the sketch when WiFi is connected. As an alternative you could use the following. Upload the code to your ESP32/ESP8266 board. Star 15. Bestimmte Dinge laufen jedoch weiter, während die delay () -Funktion den Atmega-Chip steuert, da die delay () -Funktion Interrupts nicht. If you wonder how to install Arduino IDE for ESP8266 feel free to visit our tutorial on that here. Arduino example sketch "Blink" allows you to specify "delay ()" between state changes in microseconds. Then post here. cpp did the trick! Steps: 1) Add #define USE_US_TIMER at the beginning of osapi. h” and build the project. LAC timer is used for ESP32. int outPin = 8; // digital pin 8 void setup() { pinMode(outPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output } void loop() { digitalWrite(outPin, HIGH); // sets the pin on. The most important feature is they're ISR-based PWM channels. microseconds micros : 10814 HPtimer = 10814 --> 10000 calls of micros() on core 1 (500µs longer) but value measured by the two functions give the same result microseconds micros core0 : 10835 microseconds HighPrecTimer: 10216 microseconds HighPrecTimer core0: 10504 microseconds micros : 10795 HPtimer = 10795 microseconds micros core0 : 10783 See complete sketch below. millis () will wrap around to 0 after about 49 days (micros. void ntDelay (byte t) { // non timer delay in seconds for (byte i = 0; i. sleep(0. Which worked out to 213-160 = 53 counts (53 x 6. ticks_ms (), start) # compute time difference. servo: a variable of type Servo. Thanks. So in that module, we need exact delay of 10 and 40 microseconds of delay interval in some interval to update firmware into that module using one wire communication over GPIO pins. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. For delays longer than a few thousand microseconds, you should use delay() instead. Code: Select all delayMicroseconds (7000); // Off cycle. pro - simple con - it is blocking and it uses timer0 Sometimes you come on a library (example RadioHead) which intensively uses internal timers. Navigate to the zip file you downloaded and select it. If you need multiple tasks to occur at the same time, you simply cannot use delay (). time. Each call to print takes only a few microseconds. ESP8266 D5 pin to A4988 Step pin. Both wemos d1 mini and NodeMCU devices show the same issue. Handling delays of some microseconds using interrupts would flood the MCU, and it's not that good for precise delays. That is essential if you use this function to debounce or throttle GPIO input. COROUTINE_DELAY_SECONDS(seconds): yields back execution for seconds. unixway commented on Apr 25, 2018. esp_timer_get_time returns 64-bit time since startup, in microseconds. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. So, Normal communication with that module using ESP32 is UART but. time. The above code is correct to get the ntp_server time in microseconds in python. #18 สอนใช้งาน Arduino tracking sensor TCRT5000 ตรวจจับเส้นขาวดำ. Copy link. This would mean the delay is limited to a max of 32,767. tmr. Post by filo_gr » Thu Sep 09, 2021 6:57 am . Use a resistor between GPIO16 and RST. Certain things do go on while the delay () function is controlling the Atmega chip, however, because the delay function does not disable interrupts. Do note that 64 x 64 -> 64 bit multiply is typically 4x slower than the 32 x 32 -> 64 bit multiply that was in the original question. Closed makerobotics opened this issue May 27,. DWT unit is for F4 and F7 only, F0 series does. ticks_ms (), start ) # compute time difference Hi, I have several tasks in freeRTOS on my ESP32 delaying with the vTaskDelay-function. We will use this object to configure the timer interrupts. See the output in Serial Monitor. The NodeMCU pulls weather data like temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and wind directional degree from weather website called openweathermap. But with WiFi sending, now and then there's a longer delay, which it logs. There is no particular limitation on this although if you have really long delays and do NOT have to worry about using timers, I would recommend interupt timers and using ISRs. Interrupts on ESP32 are soft IRQ's and are subject to latency which can run to milliseconds, especially on SPIRAM boards, On a Pyboard latency is on the order of 15μs. I have latest stable version ( 1. because here we want to enter the each and every angle from servo to cloud so that the gap is the problem for delay of servo's rotation. The following video demonstrates the LED blinking with ESP8266 ESP12-E with Arduino. EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS is the right thing to do (similar to the BlinkPolledTimeout example in the arduino IDE). On the ESP8266 the time between edges on the input and output pins is about 140us and very consistent. $egingroup$ Apologies Steven, I sincerely thought (and think) it's a good way to express the question succinctly and clearly. // Initializing the variable with the time BEFORE the count. delayMicroseconds(us) ParametersYour new topic does not fit any of the above??? Check first. For. . Hence port 1 of 8051 microcontroller is fully occupied and is busy in making led’s blink. The solution to this problem is pretty trivial: just count the time in microseconds instead of milliseconds. Syntax¶ tmr. This isn't a fully working example, but should give you the idea. When I first tied this it didn't work and it appears that before you can use the microseconds calls, the system timer has to be reset in the right at the start of usercode. delayMicroseconds (10); // triac On propogation delay. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. Go to left sidebar of the IDE, click the “ New file ” button and it will create a new file and it will open with in editor window as a untitled name. Sets how quickly the timer counter is “ticking”. Get time in microseconds since boot. delayMicroseconds (10); // triac On propogation delay. millis() and micros() return the number of milliseconds and microseconds elapsed after reset, respectively. When handleClient () is called the check is made to check if any callback functions should be called. Low uS delays will not be easy in software because another task/ISR might cut across you. delay specifies the number of microseconds after setting the pin values to wait until moving to the next state. millis () and micros () return the number of milliseconds and microseconds elapsed after reset, respectively. 7. 2) Add appropriate calls to the Ticker library (attached) However it doesn't work correctly if microseconds will start rolling over at a smaller value (such as UINT32_MAX/240). 1. For 50% you could enter the 512 directly. This Blynk ESP8266 control smart relay has the following features: Control home appliances with WiFi (Blynk IoT App). A delay should be there so lightning or high-beam of a car doesn’t trigger to open the chicken-door. If your ESP8266 delay will absolutely trip the watchdog time if called. h> // delay time, mustn´t be a define #define LONG_TIME 5000 // handle of the semaphore, has also to be created before use. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"libraries/Servo/src":{"items":[{"name":"Servo. Code: Select all delayMicroseconds (7000); // Off cycle. . 1 hour in microseconds is 3600000000UL. To generate a PWM signal you use the function analogWrite (pin, value). Moderator: igrr 7 posts; Page 1 of 2; 1, 2;Arduino15packagesesp8266hardwareesp82663. ticks_ms () # get millisecond counter delta = time . cpp 📋 Copy to clipboard ⇓ Download. Doing the math, you find that you need 320 NOPs to generate a 20 usec. 17 microseconds on 96 MHz Teensy 3. There are a thousand microseconds in a millisecond and a million microseconds in a second. #define REFRESH_INTERVAL 20000 // classic default period to refresh servos in microseconds This is according to servo specification, and has been in the code for at least 6 years. sleep_us ( 10 ) # sleep for 10 microseconds start = time . With delayMicroseconds (1) the actual is 1. delay(ms) pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. Adding a call to system_timer_reinit (); in the user_init routine in core_esp8266_main. 1 Answer. millis() and micros() return the number of milliseconds and microseconds elapsed after reset, respectively. They work fine with delay () in legacy, but show a minimal time period in Blynk 2. delayMicroseconds. The part of interest is this: startTime = micros (); while (digitalRead (capPos) == HIGH) { delayMicroseconds (1); } endTime = micros (); The while loop I want to. Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383. With a normal LEDs you can show the state of a system (blue= too cold, red= too hot). 026339 seconds, which bears out the first example executing in less than 1 second. The actual time that the task remains blocked depends on the tick rate. Press the button 4 times. 25 nanoseconds) software overhead to acquire the count. If you need multiple tasks to occur at the same time, you simply cannot use delay (). It is microseconds and not milliseconds. Below are the results: TRANSMITTER SPEED TEST Got response 26 round-trip delay: 1960 microseconds Got response 1 round-trip delay: 1964 microseconds Got response 2 round. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"src":{"items":[{"name":"LightweightServo. getVcc () is 3. For delays longer than a few thousand microseconds, you should use the delay() function instead. Blocking functions prevent a program from doing anything else until that particular task has completed. Make the oscillator clock frequency as high as possible and you can use Delay_Cyc () in MikroC which creates delay based in clock cycle. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. [SOLVED] My function for microseconds delay doesn't work properly. 41 6 6 bronze badges. Finally, an ISR has very high restrictions on timing for the executed code, meaning that executed code should not take longer than a very few microseconds. From the arduino reference page for delay the parameter for delay is an unsigned long. In this tutorial, you will learn how the sensor works and how to use it with Arduino. With Arduino you can do this with the millis () function, but that resets (overflow) every 16666 milliseconds. ESP32 supports two major power saving modes: Light-sleep and Deep-sleep. I usually use a 470 Ohm resistor. First of all, set the clock source as internal clock. . time_ns () and time2 = utime. Looking at the assembly generated and carefully structuring the code, adding NOPs where required, I think I can achieve this? Krupski: At 16 mhz, each NOP takes 62. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. 3 microseconds on a 80 MHz ESP8266 ~0. This number will overflow (go back to zero), after approximately 70 minutes. The part of interest is this: startTime = micros (); while (digitalRead (capPos) == HIGH) { delayMicroseconds (1); } endTime = micros (); The while loop I want to. fn_delay_us: delay in microseconds. kolban Posts: 1683 Joined: Mon Nov 16, 2015 4:43 pm. Also on ESP32 it can probably be removed. The operating voltage of the BME280 module is from 3. The timebase is the same as for the values returned by esp_timer_get. Single-Shot Delay. 007 degrees (1. Returns. In addition, it is not possible to execute delay() or yield() from an ISR, or do blocking operations, or operations that disable the interrupts, e. It is suggested using an external RTC if time tracking is of importance. This could change in future Arduino releases. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. For example, a SW delay can easily be tuned using a static variable, you run the SW delay with biggest number within a Systick 1 msec which enables you to calculate the right unit for 2 us. If a buzzer is switched with different time intervals it generates a melody. Returns. DWT unit is for F4 and F7 only, F0. EEPROM timing does not require it. Hopefully i have not overlooked. So, when you call ESP. I also used portTICK_RATE_MS but the speed didnt change . There is almost no delay (app. Let's say you wanted a timer for 20 microseconds, and an interrupt occurred at about 10 μs. This is the delay function for the boards. While delayMicroseconds() directly uses the value of the hardware timer, delay() and millis() are handled by the ISR. It depends the purpose of the microsecond delay, and if it is a min value or not. 1,514 8 10. This alone is one good reason is why programming the ESP8266 is different from programming e. Connect the stepper motor to the A4988 driver. 44V. So that points at the ESP32's RTOS (namely FreeRTOS) and for some reason it introduces. delay(ms) pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. This sensor reads from 2cm to 400cm (0. 3cm (0. If you replace the while statement with: while (digitalRead (5)==HIGH) delay (1); Then it works as you would have expected. However, even a perfect millis() will not be good for anything faster than 1 kHz. I already implemented a. 0. g. Delay functions. alarm() – This is a convenience function combining tmr. I don't see udp. This allows us great accuracy in microseconds but not so nice for processor and interrupts. Calling yield from the loop context saves the current stack and then executes the 'other' context, which will be the 'system' context, it then returns to the saved (loop) context when it has finished any pending work. 3. Pull requests 69. (500) # sleep for 500 milliseconds time. create() – Creates a dynamic timer object. The "watchdog timer" thinks the processor has "hung up" and so it restarts the system. 2. tmr. The High Resolution Timer (ESP Timer) provided by FreeRTOS uses a 64 bit hardware timer. If the pad is not configured for input (or input and output) the returned value is always 0. sleep (1) # sleep for 1 second time. begin (9600); // open a serial port } void loop () { beginTime = micros ();. g. DWT unit is for F4 and F7 only, F0. Servo myservo; According to the creators of the Servo library, you can create up to 12 servo objects for the UNO and most other boards and up to 48 for the Arduino Mega. I dont get any delay even if I add some different delays. On 16 MHz Arduino boards (e. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. These examples are for a once off (single-shot) delay and a repeating delay/timer. Timing and delays¶. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. delayMicroseconds () works in arduino. The timer speed can be determined by the following formula-. I have a home server with several devices attached to it, including 2 ESP8266 modules - one at home and one in my office. 3600000 microseconds = 3. 5-947-g39819f0). Upload code to ESP8266-01. Reference ¶ Interrupts ¶ Interrupts can be used on the ESP8266, but they must be used with care and have several limitations: Interrupt callback functions must be in IRAM, because. The argument decides how much amount of time we want to pause the code. delay(ms) pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. Why? Because it just calls setTimeout. Returns the length of the pulse in microseconds or gives up and returns 0 if no complete pulse was received within the timeout. The chip in an Uno or a Nano is an atmega328. is how ESP8266 does it as well. Finally, an ISR has very high restrictions on timing for the executed. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"components/esp8266/include":{"items":[{"name":"driver","path":"components/esp8266/include/driver","contentType. delayMicroseconds(us) pauses for a given number of microseconds. Blynk should not have any impact on the built-in delay () function. Your new topic does not fit any of the above??? Check first. Multiple pins can be set at the same time. Ticker is called every 500ms, but only lights the LED on every 20th call. If you want to get the logic level of e. The arduino delay () function creates a blocking delay of the provided number of milliseconds. deepSleep (uS) and pass as argument sleep time in microseconds. The Time1. This could change in future Arduino releases. delay(ms) pauses the sketch for a given number of milliseconds and allows WiFi and TCP/IP tasks to run. What does that mean? After 71. Currently, the largest value that will produce an accurate delay is 16383. Most other e-mail servers also accept this format. Graphs: [Attached.