Canon Speedlite 600EX II-RT sits at the top of Canon’s on-camera E-TTL / E-TTL II compatible flash lineup with a powerful guide number of 197′ at ISO 100 and 200mm. Choose from 6 options and Find the best price for Canon EOS R7 from 22 offers. 12 fps Mech. As a hybrid camera, the EOS R7 offers superb. Both cameras are mirrorless and were launched in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Transfer file secara nirkabel dan cepat dari EOS R7 ke perangkat pintar atau PC Anda menggunakan Wi-Fi* built-in berkecepatan tinggi 2,4 GHz. árak összevetése. Featuring a high-speed shooting 32. • Canon EOS 90D: 4K (3840 x 2160) at up to 30p with or without a 1. So let's see ho. . The Canon. 00. The ProMediaGear TR344L Carbon Fiber Tripod is a great companion for shooting landscapes or wildlife because of its height and weight. In pixel-speak, that’s 900 x 600 pixels versus 720 x 480 pixels. EOS R7:n mekaanisen sulkimen lyhin suljinaika on vain 1/8000 sekuntia, kun taas sen sähköisen sulkimen vastaava arvo on 1/16000 sekuntia. Browse the recommended drivers, downloads, and manuals to make sure your product contains the most up-to-date software. Discover how Canon’s PTZ cameras, hardware controllers and apps can transform your remote, multi-camera setups. As always, these reviews are done with. CANON BATTERIES, CHARGERS & ADAPTERS. Approx. Canon r7 user manual (pdf) & online help Canon r6 vs canon r detailed comparison Manuál canon eos r6 návod (872 stránek) Canon eos r6 manual user guide pdf camera mirrorless advanced. Best Prices Best Products Best Shops Best Reviews Price Alerts Price Trends on. La Canon EOS R7 è una mirrorless presentata per la prima volta il 24/05/2022. Canon EOS R7 (solo cuerpo), cámara de vlogging sin espejo, video 4K 60p, calidad de imagen de 32. Accurately tracks what matters most. 4. Starting from £1,136. To obtain a copy of the Canon EOS R7 User Manual, Owner's Manual, or User Guide in PDF format, you can download it here or choose to view the. 6), square crop ( 150mm eq. ukMELVILLE, NY, May 24, 2022 – Canon U. The Canon EOS R7 is expected to be a landmark launch because Canon's EOS R system, including both cameras and lenses, is currently very high-end. 6 inches (HWD) and 1. * Only [AAC] is available for audio compression of IPB (Light). 5MP APS-C CMOS Sensor. 7 mm and weights about 612 grams, including an SD card and battery. 0 . Canon EOS R5, RF 24-240mm IS USM at 70mm wide-open at f/5. 3 IS STM lens will be available for an estimated retail price of $479. 3" x 4. start. 2. 0" x 2. 5MP CMOS sensor and DIGIC X processing, this sleek powerhouse is capable of high-speed 30 fps shooting for sports and wildlife and features the renowned Dual Pixel CMOS AF II focusing system to keep up with and track fast-moving subjects. 583 422 Ft. 8L Macro IS USM Canon RF 35mm F1. Shop Our Canon Accessories For EOS R7. Instead, Canon gave us a 32MP APS-C format camera, one that combines the speed, precision and stability of its pro-level cameras with a very reasonable price tag. The Canon EOS R7 is a high-end cropped-frame mirrorless camera with a 32 Megapixel APS-C sensor, 4k 60p video and built-in stabilisation. 99. 3 IS STM) Official Canon Singapore Online Stores Free delivery on cart value of $200* except for selected locations. $1399. 5 megapixel APS-C CMOS sensor, which is the joint highest resolution currently found in a Canon cropped sensor mirrorless camera. co. Canon EOS R7 battery packs, battery chargers and AC adapters mean that you can carry on creating content from any location. Thanks to the RF mount’s lightning-fast communication speed and wide physical width, up to 7 stops with the RF-S 18-150mm F3. The EOS R10 is a 24 MP midrange camera retailing for $980, body only. 62m-dot vari-angle LCD. Introducing the EOS R7 and EOS R10, Canon’s newest additions to the EOS R series, and the first APS-C cameras in the range. The R7 was touted as the replacement for the 7DII pro-level APS-C camera, and my own belief (reinforced by statements by Canon Oz) is that it is actually more aligned with the 90D, which is a tier lower in the hierarchy of Canon products. 00 $ 1,399. 2" x 3. has a socket for a 3. Due to its relatively manageable weight, the EF 300mm f/2. 5-6. The Canon EOS R7 Advanced User Guide is now accessible through Canon's official website, where you can either download it or view it online. As our Canon EOS R7 review shows. Shutter. What’s more, the R7 is a good half-inch taller and a third of an inch wider than the R10. The R7 is set to be the cheapest camera in the line up. To help obtain optimal performance of this camera, we recommend that you download and install the most recent versions of Canon software and the EOS R7 Advanced User Guide (PDF). $7. Opening Hours: Mon-Fri: 10am-7pm Saturday: 10am-230pm (closed on Sundays and Public Holidays) The new APS-C sensor is designed to provide additional telephoto effect by increasing the focal length by approximately 1. 04 cm; 498. 35 lbs) whilst the Nikon Z7 has dimensions of 134mm x 101mm x 68mm (5. 6. R7 搭載 0. Canon EOS R7 Key Features: 32. An ideal blend of performance and portability, the EOS R7 represents Canon's move into APS-C with the mirrorless R system. The R7 cooperates better with smaller imaging circles and focal reducers. Offer valid only on products available for sale through the Canon online store only. Express your creative side like never before with the Canon EOS R7 mirrorless camera. Discover how Canon’s PTZ cameras, hardware controllers and apps can transform your remote,. Canon EOS R7. Bereits ab 1. It is made of carbon fiber with four leg sections and only costs $1079. The R7 features a taller and larger grip, offering improved comfort, especially when using medium-sized or long telephoto lenses. spedizione. Canon EOS R7. Video. 5MP Mirrorless Digital Camera Body (APS-C Sensor, 30 FPS, Next Gen Auto Focus, Next Level Image Stabilisation, 4K) – Black online at low price in India on Amazon. 36 million dot OLED viewfinder but the Canon R6 Mark II has a 3. 5 megapixel APS-C sized sensor, the latest DIGIC X processor and state-of-the-art deep learning Dual Pixel CMOS AF II for class-leading stills and video performance. 5-6. But look at the size of its body and head. That. 3 IS STM and up to 8 stops with other RF lenses of stabilisation over 5 axes is possible, allowing steady. Featuring a 32. Shop for Canon EOS R7 Mirrorless Cameras. Total of 2. 2MP on the R8. Just for fun I threw on the 17-85mm 4-5. 6x more telephoto reach than the equivalent focal length on a full-frame camera. The Canon 20mm f/2. Software: menús bien estructurados que en ocasiones necesitan aclaración. Canon launched the EOS R7 and R10 APS-C RF-S mount cameras earlier this year, finally introducing lens compatibility between crop-sensor and full-frame mirrorless cameras. The Canon EOS R7 weighs one pound, 5. Save up to 59% on Canon EOS R5, R6, R7, R8, R3 & M50 mirrorless cameras, lens kits & more (Walmart. 8 can serve as a fairly fast, slightly wide, compact "street" lens. 1 mm, 493g. 95 Grams : Batteries 1 Lithium Ion batteries required. An ideal blend of performance and portability, the EOS R7 represents Canon's move into APS-C with the mirrorless R system. 6 hand-held at 1/13 second at ISO 200 ( LV 7. 5 MP, procesador de imagen DIGIC X, AF CMOS de doble píxel, detección de sujetos, para profesionales y creadores de contenido . * Spesifikasi dapat bervariasi, tergantung pada negara dan wilayah. 1 incorporates the following fix: Improves the stability of the touch operation control when the [Touch control] is set to [Sensitive]. The APS-C image sensor, which has the same resolution as some prior Canon sensors, is newly-developed. The EOS 90D is 140. Video: Sharpness and dynamic range are very similar, but the R8 provides better quality in 4K 50/60p due to oversampling, while the R7 employs line-skipping. Configured for the aspiring filmmaker, the EOS R7 Mirrorless Camera with 18-45mm Lens Content Creator Kit from Canon bundles the mirrorless body and RF-S 18-45mm f/4. uk 2. This site uses cookies to improve your experience and to help show content that is more relevant to your interests. Memory card: 2x SD UHS-II. Event news New updates for the EOS R3, EOS R5, EOS R7 and EOS R10 Event news. The two lenses announced are basic variable-aperture kit zooms: an 18-45mm f/4. It's firmware is 1. 5 MP Image Quality, DIGIC X Image Processor, Dual Pixel CMOS AF, Subject Detection, for Professionals and Content Creators . 6 USM has the usual distortion we expect from wide-range general purpose zooms. Take a look at ten of our favourite features from the first APS-C sensor camera in our mirrorless range. Canon EOS R7. 2V, 2130mAh). 5 megapixels of resolution. And for a wildlife, aviation, actions camera that's a huge step up. Looking at the existing EF-M mirrorless lineup, they approximate the EOS M5 and M6 II relationship. 00. Shutter, 15 fps Mech. My understanding is that up to ISO 6400 it's very good, especially if you use any denoise software. Canon R7 User Manual (PDF) & Online Help - RFShooters. I have been taking over 15 000 images with the new Canon EOS R7 in the last few weeks & have experienced some great moments & some struggles. This battery also supports in-camera charging via. The EOS R7 with the 18-150mm, f3. 00. Canon EOS R7. £369. Mekaaninen suljin on kaikista EOS-sarjan APS-C-kameroista nopeimmat (15fps, eli kuvaa sekunnissa) ja elektronisella sulkimella 30fps. The three Flexible Zones have default coverage similar to the small and large zone areas found on the 90D and 6D MK II. That puts the future of its current APS-C EOS-M line in doubt, however. It also has better battery life. 6x кроп (22. The EOS RP uses a 3. Sharing many features from our professional model R series cameras, the EOS R7 allows users to experience high performance speed, and high-quality imaging with an APS-C sized sensor. The HDR bracketing was fast and produced very pleasing results. I am looking for an R7 and when I find one I want to still use the 400mm prime. I wasn't happy with high ISO performance beyond 800. start. canon) uses Cookies to improve your user experience and analyze for operation and improvement of the site. 5 Exposure Compensation: ±3 stops in 1/3-stop or 1/2. 1. Promo Canon EOS R7 Mirrorless Camera Body Only / EOS R 7 - EOS R7 BODY di Tokopedia ∙ GoPayLater Cicil 0% 3x ∙ Garansi 7 Hari ∙ Bebas Ongkir. Además, cuenta con el procesador de imagen DIGIC X, el mismo que encontramos en la Canon EOS R5 o la. If it shows red, it has no idea what to focus on and will trigger a seek to find a subject. The Canon LP-E6NH Lithium-Ion Battery (7. * Specifications. 04-million dots. The budget-priced Canon EOS R10 brother of the R7 was announced at the same time - see our separate R10 news report. Furthermore, the camera can produce high-quality and cinematic internal 4K 60p video using the full width of the sensor and oversampled 4K 30p video from 7K. The EOS R7 inherits EOS R3's ability to differentiate elements within the frame and determine which subject to track. 3 by 2. So because of its lower cost, it’s not particularly wise to compare it to the rest of the R body range. 7 by 5. Also,the Canon R7 is not supported by the ZWO ASIAir. The R7 features a taller and larger grip, offering improved comfort, especially when using medium-sized or long telephoto lenses. 1 / 1. 6") along with a weight of 612 grams (1. The Canon R8 ( Amazon , B&H) and the Canon R7 have a 2. I see a great many Canon ink tank printers priced (or on sale for) under $250. 6 lens and primarily shoot birds and wildlife. 0 stops when paired with certain lenses like the RF 24-105 F4. Focus and exposure aids and ergonomics. 5 (effective) megapixel APS-C sensor capable of capturing up to 126 JPEG images or 42 RAW images at up to 30fps. The EOS R7 surpasses the 5D. 83 lbs) and the Canon R7 has proportions of 132mm x 90mm x 92mm (5. 2. The EOS R7 viewfinder has a slightly greater magnification of 1. Note that the A6700 has a backside-illuminated (BSI) sensor whereas the R7 doesn't. As to lenses. Weight: 612g (inc. Both look great. Transfer files wirelessly and quickly from the EOS R7 to your smart device or PC using high-speed 2. Проявіть свій творчий потенціал як ніколи раніше за допомогою бездзеркальної камери Canon EOS R7. With a standard mini jack socket, you can use the device with most headphones. The R7 is the flagship hybrid camera in Canon’s mirrorless camera range, boasting an all-new 32. EOS R7 mendukung Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) untuk keamanan file tambahan pada jaringan nirkabel*. 2 inches wide (132 millimeters) by 3. The Canon 7D Mark II (2014) is still widely regarded as one of the best crop sensor DSLRs ever created. This aside, all the menu systems are similar. in. • Preorder the. Starting from £1,462. Best Prices Best Products Best Shops Best Reviews Price Alerts Price Trends on idealo. With a 15 FPS mechanical shutter, the high-performance EOS R7 is the most advanced APS-C camera from Canon. But it's also. The Canon EOS R7 is an advanced APS-C mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera produced by Canon. Announced in May. Best Prices Best Products Best Shops Best Reviews Price Alerts Price Trends on idealo. 5-7. 5 megapixel CMOS sensor, a vari-angle touchscreen, and a high-speed electronic viewfinder. High Speed, High Precision. Great for macro work. Nikon Z fc. That puts the future of. Canon 28mm f/2. No single pixel in the sensor has any idea how big the sensor is, so the sensor size cannot affect its response. Its 32. This is the battery that I would recommend purchasing for use with the R7. Instead, Canon gave us a 32MP APS-C format camera, one that combines the speed, precision and stability of its pro-level cameras with a very reasonable price tag. The R7 has the same MP as the 90D but with a AF system that nails focus so much faster and easier then the 90D could ever dream about. Adds support for the RF-S55-210mm F5-7. First of all, these days you want the best camera for processing as much as you want the best camera for sensor, especially if you want to do video. 5-6. The full. Canon EOS RP. 1st-curtain enables the camera’s fastest flash sync speed of 1/320, which is slightly better than the mechanical sync speed of 1/250. It also features Canon's timeless DSLR-style design, complete with plenty of physical controls, a flip-out touchscreen, and a decent. High Speed, High Precision. Shop for Canon EOS R7 Kit 18-45mm Mirrorless Cameras. Choose from 3 options and Find the best price for Canon EOS R10 from 24 offers. /611g with battery and one SD card, $1,499) and Canon RF-s 18-150mm IS STM. The Canon EOS R7 Menu Setup Spreadsheet can be downloaded from my website here. 6. $1,399. EOS R innovation meets APS-C design. 0 incorporates the following fixes and enhancements: Adds support for Speedlite EL-5. árak összevetése. It softens up a bit at 17 and 85mm, but between 20 and 70mm it's razor sharp. Canon, it seems to me, were under pressure to bring out an APS-C body range and to make it affordable. R7 body-only: $1,499 at B&H, at Adorama and at Crutchfield. co. That’s incredibly useful in a wide range of situations. No Automatic Leveling. Tony review. 0. has a socket for a 3. have. Compared to the EOS R5 and EOS R6, the R7 offers faster burst rates and a more compact body. While the R7, without doubt, has a great tracking system, to me this is more like an evolution of the ##D series, of which the last was the 90D, for the following reasons: This camera is competing with BSI and stacked sensors from competitors like Sony and Fuji. Focus with an even smaller area than 1-point AF, for ultimate selective control. 82. Discover our full range of EOS R7 mirrorless accessories including the LP-E6NH Battery Pack and PD-E1 USB Power Adapter. With a new APS-C sensor on the revolutionary RF mount, you get a telephoto effect of approximately 1. Like Nauticam’s housings for other models in Canon’s mirrorless EOS line, the NA-R7 accommodates both RF lenses and EF lenses. Image Quality. The Canon EOS R7 weighs one pound, 5. The EOS R7 is built around an APS-C sized sensor, so lenses offer 1. 1" x 4. 04-million dots. Starting from £2,579. The EOS R7 and EOS R8 both sit at $1,500, making them an appealing pair of cameras that balance. Below are top recommended Speedlite for Canon EOS R7: Top 1: Canon Speedlite 600EX II-RT–Check Price— Amazon / B&H / Adorama. com) Best Canon DSLR Camera Deals: Save on the Canon EOS Rebel T7 digital SLR camera body, lens kits & more (Canon. 5 MP sensor, in-body stabilization up to 7 stops with. Revisão da Canon EOS R7: Agora só precisamos de algumas lentes. co. Canon 可說是率先提供電容觸控的 DSLR，這個優勢也延續到 MILC 身上，R7 搭載 3 吋 162 萬點的觸控螢幕，不論是觸控反應或靈敏度都有著高水準的表現。. 1 #9 · Canon R7 with 400mm prime yes/no: DeniseD wrote: I am currently using a Canon 7D2 with Canon 400mm 5. 1 however the webpage for downloading firmware only has 4 downloads available and they all relate to windows software - there's no firmware download. It's firmware is 1. If what Canon Rumors has revealed is true, then it looks like the EOS R10 will be the more affordable of the two, potentially housing a 24. The Canon EOS R7 one of the best APS-C mid-tier cameras on the market boasting excellent lightweight build quality with fast autofocus with subject tracking, eye detection, IBIS, and a fully. The camera only weighs 429g. However, H. It brings advanced autofocus and in-body stabilization to the part of the market currently served by the EOS 90D. , Inc. Sensor: The R7 offers higher resolution, but the larger sensor of the R8 delivers greater dynamic range and less noise at high ISO. bigger. Best Prices Best Products Best Shops Best Reviews Price Alerts Price Trends on idealo. 7mm at 612g. 8 IS STM (1/500 sec, f/1. Focus with an even smaller area than 1-point AF, for ultimate selective control. Featuring a 32. The downside to the smaller sensor is the reduced high-ISO performance, but the modern sensor in the EOS R7 certainly performs better than those in the original 7D and 7D Mark II. Using it significantly reduces the number of focus points available to the camera's AF system. Photography books & video training: is Tony Northrup's full free hands-on video training tutorial for the Canon EOS R7. 8 is STM macro (500) The R7 kit lens (if you didn't get it. Weight. 5MP CMOS sensor and DIGIC X. Canon EOS R7. This is a fast camera - 15fps burst. Canon Cyber Monday Deals 2023. I recently purchased the Canon R7 and i do own the Rp as well. However, it's still smaller than most full-frame alternatives. 3 x 14. 00. The Canon EOS R7 will be a very strong hybrid APS-C camera for most people. 5-6. I tested the Canon R8 with the RF 24-105mm f/4 L IS USM lens, the Canon RF 135mm f/1. This review is based on one random sample of indeterminate age I purchased from some stranger over eBay. Canon Cyber Monday Deals 2023. For now, here are some things I love and hate. From Dan Watson: Took the Canon R7 for an awesome 3 day test with sports, wildlife, portraits, and obviously, some crazy cinematic video…and it didn’t disappoint. Transfer file secara nirkabel dan cepat dari EOS R7 ke perangkat pintar atau PC Anda menggunakan Wi-Fi* built-in berkecepatan tinggi 2,4 GHz. 1 incorporates the following fix: Improves the stability of the touch operation control when the [Touch control] is set to [Sensitive]. Excluding RF lenses with Defocus Smoothing coating. 3 Megapixel Full-frame CMOS Sensor and DIGIC 8 Image Processor. Latest news Future-proofing workflows with Canon's PTZ cameras Latest news. The EOS R7 features a newly developed and high image quality 32. GPS and WFT Units. from £773. 5MP CMOS sensor and DIGIC X processing, this sleek powerhouse is capable of high-speed 30 fps shooting for sports and wildlife and features the renowned Dual Pixel CMOS AF II focusing system to keep up. * The R7 is an average-sized enthusiast camera at about 3. 95x, which provides a more immersive view and gives EOS R7 a slight advantage in genres such as wildlife and sports photography. For filmmaking this. 3. 2. 2MP sensor. model pt -d400 for sale in las vegasThe Canon EOS R10 looks like a great if expensive option for ambitious photography and video novices, while the EOS R7 is a real APS-C enthusiasts camera, combining resolution and speed in a way that’s going to appeal for all-round photography and video use, and sports and wildlife in particular. Canon EOS R7 review. But the camera also had one special trick - that APS-C 1. See moreCanon EOS R7 - Appareils photo hybrides | à partir de 1 172,00 € | Comparer les prix avec idealo. This type of sensor is better at collecting light and should help to improve. There's so much to love about the EOS R7. 2L USM, and the new kit 24-50mm f/4. Discover the EOS R7, a compact and lightweight mirrorless camera that delivers stunning image quality and performance. 0 x 90. Canon EOS R7, la opinión de Xataka. R7: 132. $9 . This might not sound like much, but it makes all the difference internally. has a stereo microphone. It's targeted at a similar enthusiast photographer market as the existing EOS 90D DSLR and, perhaps, the EOS M6 II. Shop for Canon EOS R10 Mirrorless Cameras. The higher-end Canon EOS R7, which has a 32. 175 995. Bereits ab 1. Canon EOS R7 Digital Camera. Buy Canon GPS Receiver GP-E2 featuring Rugged Lightweight Design, Location Information in EXIF File, Can Act as Stand-Alone GPS Logger, Onboard Electronic Compass, Hot Shoe or USB Terminal Connectivity, Runs on Convenient AA Battery. 1 L IS USM at 500 mm. 69 Million Dots, Vari-angle Touchscreen LCD and Dot-matrix. 4x and 2x. Although the RF 100-500 lens is a slower lens (but 1KG lighter) it should be OK with Denoise and slower shutter speeds. A R7 é a principal câmara APS-C da Canon e é uma das primeiras câmaras APS-C. Be completely in control, focusing with a single AF point. Announced in May 2022, Canon calls the R7 their ultimate APS-C camera, and while not officially a successor to the 7D Mark II DSLR, the single-digit name leaves no doubt where it’s positioned. Of course, the above is speculation, but an APS-C camera from Canon with an RF mount and specs like those listed above will likely ignite the APS-C camera space, which is no bad thing. 3. 7mm. The Canon EOS R7 is here, and it is time to set up this camera for use. 572 837 Ft. The colors. During still photo shooting, with an f/1. Canon EOS-1D X @ 300mm, ISO 12800, 1/800, f/11. 3in, 1. Canon EOS R7 mirrorless camera houses a 32. 3, ISO200) (Image credit: James Artaius) I short, then, the Canon EOS R7 sets all manner of new standards for cropped-sensor cameras, offering literally pro-level performance (given that many of these specs match those in the Canon EOS R3,. A Canon EOS R7 Body (5137C003AA) termék legjobb árai az alábbi országok áruházaiban: Canon EOS R7 Body (5137C003AA) Románia. Even compared to the R3, the APS-C crop factor effectively adds extra reach to lenses and the $1,500 EOS R7 adds nearly 10 megapixels to the R3’s 24. Best Prices Best Products Best Shops Best Reviews Price Alerts Price Trends on. The best Canon EOS R7 deals will leave you speechless with its blistering 30fps speed and mammoth 32. The camera was announced by Canon on May 24, 2022 and released in Japan on June 23, 2022 Alongside the Canon EOS R10, the R7 is the first of two APS-C cameras in Canon's EOS R lineup. 32. 8. Both are not made to receive h alpha. 3 IS STM (1/800 sec, f/6. But there are just two native lenses. Check Price at Amazon. 6-8 IS USM (Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / Future) Consequently, I lost a fair bit of image quality, plus a smaller sensor doesn’t quite capture the details in highlights and shadows as well as a full-frame one does. Other Camera Accessories. Dual Pixel CMOS AF II with 1053 Points. Featuring a 32. 5-6. Brother p-touch pt-d200 label maker operation & user’s manual pdf view Brother label maker pt-1230pc user manual Brother p-touch brand label maker. By clicking "Not Accept" or neither is selected, only necessary Cookies required to provide the contents and functions of the. 1 L IS USM. 3 IS STM with the EOS R7 will have an estimated retail price of $1,899. 5 mm audio jack. Shutter. 00. However, Sony’s. 8 IS STM Macro Canon RF 24-105mm F4L IS USM +8 more. Up to 30 fps continuous shooting with AF/AE tracking. 49 lbs). 5MP APS-C CMOS Sensor. 8 x 76. 17 hours ago · The top Canon R5, R6, R7, R8 deals for Black Friday and Cyber Monday, including the best Canon EOS mirrorless camera body, lens kit & bundle offers. Canon EOS R7 RF-S18-5. A smaller sensor usually means cheaper components to put the camera together, plus a. 39 吋 236 萬點的 OLED 電子觀景窗，視野率 100% 放大倍率則是 1.