It is endemic in more than 50 countries and also causes large epidemics. People contract cholera when they ingest an infective dose of V. 14, 2021. In addition to the restrictions, the government is also monitoring burials in all affected areas. Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). Cholera cases and cholera-associated deaths jumped globally in 2022 following years of decline, marking a resurgence of the ongoing seventh cholera pandemic, which began in 1961, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) Through November 2022, cholera outbreaks or cases were reported in more than 29 countries, up from 23 in 2021. Disease type: Gastrointestinal. Natural and man-made disasters which produce overcrowding, a scarcity of safe drinking water, improper elimination of human waste, and the contamination of food during or after its preparation are risk factors for the. Cholera can kill a person in a matter of hours. A Cholera Expert Group in the country was established to gather evidence and to prepare a road map for control of cholera in India. Use bottled water to brush your teeth, wash and prepare food, and make. It is endemic—that is, present all the time—in countries where there is inadequate access to clean water. cholerae can be found in contam. , cases are usually traced to people traveling to cholera-risk areas or to people who have eaten food brought over from cholera-risk areas. Cholera - Pandemic, Waterborne, 19th Century: The recorded history of cholera is relatively short and remarkable. Cholera is typically most prevalent in communities with poor infrastructure or during. 18. Infections cause extreme diarrhea with rapid loss of body fluids and can be fatal within hours if not treated. 0 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera 1. Cholera reached the Americas in 1991, affecting at least a million people. Cholera is an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. are acquired during international travel. It is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. 4%) were reported from 4 January 2021 to 14 November 2021 in seven countries. What the risks are and who is most at risk. 27726771. The cholera history can be traced through many centuries. He noticed that the cases were primarily found in areas. cholerae challenge study conducted in US subjects 18 through 45 years of age with no prior history of cholera infection or travel to a cholera-endemic area in the previous 5 years. Background. Cholera is endemic in over 50 countries and also causes large epidemics. A young child is vaccinated against cholera in Haiti. "The cholera outbreak. In the U. Cholera in Times of Chaos. The good news is the cholera vaccine can lower the risk that people traveling to countries with cholera will get the disease. [9]Africa is currently experiencing an exponential rise in cholera cases, amid a global surge in the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported on Thursday. • The. Every year, more than 95,000 people around the world die from cholera. Nearly 12 years after the outbreak began, Haiti was declared cholera-free on February 4, 2022. Cholera is rare in the United States, but it’s still common in some other countries. 1 This was followed by major outbreaks in 1993 and 1999. 5 percent [. Cholera outbreaks can occur in any part of the world where water supply, sanitation, food safety, and hygiene are inadequate. HARARE, Zimbabwe (AP) — These days, Catherine Mangosho locks her 3-year-old grandson in the house for hours on end in an attempt to shield him from a deadly cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe. Lab cultures to isolate and identify Vibrio cholerae are currently the gold standard for detecting and diagnosing cholera. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139. Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholera, a short, curved, gram-negative bacillus. Overcrowding, poverty, insufficient water and sanitation facilities increase the risk for cholera outbreaks. A physician checking a patient for dehydration. CDC works with partners to help support cholera vaccination activities. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. It said there have been 152. Risks. When this happens, some signs of dehydration will start to appear, such as: Thirst. Cholera was first described in the areas around the Bay of Bengal and spread globally, resulting in seven pandemics during the past two centuries. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Of the vibrios that are clinically significant to humans, Vibrio cholerae O group 1, the agent of cholera, is the most important. Cholera is an acute, extremely virulent infection that can spread rapidly and dehydration resulting in high morbidity and mortality. cholerae. It is estimated to cause upwards of four million cases per year, worldwide. 3 to 4 million people around the world get cholera each year and 21,000 to 143,000 people die from it. Cholera still affects hundreds of thousands of people every year; for instance, a recent outbreak of cholera in Haiti killed more than 7,000 Haitians and sickened more than 500,000, affecting approximately 5% of the population (30, 31). “The decrease we are seeing in. Cholera outbreaks were described throughout history and as far back as the ancient Greeks by Hippocrates in 400 BCE. Typical at-risk areas are peri-urban slums, with. Cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe suspected in 150 deaths as disease spreads throughout country. The most important way to prevent cholera is to practice safe food and water precautions and frequent handwashing, as described on our Five Basic Cholera Prevention Steps page. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Travelers, public health, medical professionals, and outbreak responders should be. The incubation period for cholera is short (a few hours–5 days for most subtypes) []. [3] The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. I'm Joe Palca. However, the disease is easily treatable. The following materials cover the basics of cholera and other diarrheal disease prevention. Nausea and vomiting. V. Use bottled water to brush your teeth, wash and prepare food, and make ice or. Introduction. thirst. Diagnosis is by culture or serology. The bacteria secrete a toxin that causes the diarrhea, which along with vomiting leads to dehydration, with severe muscle. 3 to 4 million cholera cases each year in countries where local transmission occurs. The long-term solution for cholera control lies in economic development and universal access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Introduction. Cholera outbreaks can spread rapidly, cause many deaths, and quickly become a serious public health issue. Pandemics. What is cholera? Cholera is a bacterial disease that causes diarrhea (loose stool/poop) and is caused by the bacteria calledVibrio cholerae. About 1 in 10 people with cholera will experience severe symptoms, which, in the early stages, include: profuse watery diarrhea, sometimes described as “rice-water stools”. cholerae serogroup O1 that can be severe and rapidly fatal without proper treatment. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development. e. Africa has a disproportionately high burden of cholera. Cholera is a deadly disease that can cause severe dehydration and diarrhoea in a short time. 1. The slots were an excellent depiction of the Cholera spread. cholera , Acute bacterial infection with Vibrio cholerae, causing massive diarrhea with severe depletion of body fluids and salts. They need 75 mL cholera vaccine for each dose. The ctxAB genes from the phage genome encode the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the major clinical symptoms of the. [1] The bacteria naturally live in brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin -containing shells of crabs, shrimp, and other shellfish. Since the beginning of February, new cases and deaths have consistently. In 2017, 34 countries reported external icon an estimated cumulative total of 1. Cholera is an illness caused by the vibrio cholerae bacteria. Improving sanitation and hygiene behaviors. Cholera is a disease associated with destitution []. The goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes using a simple rehydration solution, oral rehydration salts (ORS). An estimated 1. The virus may be present in garbage used for swine. Vibrios are highly motile, gram-negative, curved or comma-shaped rods with a single polar flagellum. Cholera is a serious disease that can cause death. Children aged 2–6 years. But cholera still exists in Africa. Somalia. The stool is profuse and watery and is. Eleven countries in the region are currently battling one of the worst cholera outbreaks to hit the region in years. As it can also be found in coastal waters, eating raw or undercooked shellfish is a risk for becoming infected. A hospital ward in northern Peru, where the. If necessary, open your map 1854 Cholera Outbreak Map in Map Viewer. Cholera tracks with areas of high poverty and low access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene - like Africa and Asia. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal in a matter of hours, even in previously healthy people. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. 1 – 2 The first major outbreak occurred in 1989–1990. The most affected age group is 1 to 4-year-olds (Figure 3). Cholera is an important public health problem, causing substantial morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries. Cholera transmission continued throughout Haiti through early 2019, though cases and deaths declined steadily since 2016. From 28 Feb 2022 to 16 April 2023, 56 968 cases and 1727 deaths (CFR 3. cholerae are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease called cholera, which. Channels of cholera transmission include the ingestion of food or drinking water contaminated with feces from an infected person. Several risk factors can be attributed to the ongoing cholera outbreaks in. Cholera is typically most prevalent in communities with poor infrastructure or during. A review of clinical features of multiple patients who are part of a suspected outbreak of acute watery diarrhea can be helpful in identifying cholera. Cholera. His work went mostly unnoticed. It is caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera vaccine is a live, attenuated (weakened) vaccine which can be shed in stool for at least 7 days. Treatment. leg. Diarrhea due to cholera often has a pale, milky appearance that resembles water in which rice has been rinsed. 0 Followers, 574 Following, 123 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Weronika Chałupka (@wera_cholera) Weronika Chałupka (@wera_cholera) • Instagram photos. Drinking or eating this food and water can cause severe diarrhoea and sometimes vomiting. The Cameroon Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) invited CDC and the World Health. Approximately 20% of those infected with V. A Roman physician. Cholera is an ancient disease that remains a public health problem in many impoverished locations around the world. New cases of the disease jumped from 437 to over 1,200 – the biggest increase since the outbreak started in February. Detection in the U. C. Cock of a breeding flock with green diarrhea. Most people infected. This topic discusses the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cholera. Indicator-Based Surveillance 7 3. It is caused by a gram-negative, toxigenic organism, Vibrio cholerae, which is found in aquatic environments. Thus, the country may consider the introduction of a WHO-prequalified oral cholera vaccine. 1. Early Research Led to Today’s Most Important Treatment. If you are an adult 18 through 64 years old traveling to an area where people are getting infected with cholera,Causes and Symptoms of Cholera. 4. 0 million cases, and 21,000 and 143,000 deaths worldwide every year. due to contaminated seafood. [1][2][3] The infection is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can. Rapid and/or weak heart rate. Failure to do this will result in central Government moving in to institute relevant corrective measures, as President Mnangagwa’s administration continues to. Cholera sicca is an old term describing a rare, severe form of cholera that occurs in epidemic cholera. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the Gram – negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae [1]. Between 29 October 2021 and 30 April 2022, a total of 6652 suspected cases including 134 deaths (case fatality ratio 2%) have been reported. Cholera cases are often under reported. Cholera can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and rapidly prove fatal, within hours, if not treated. Summary. About 1 in 10 people with cholera will experience severe symptoms, which, in the early stages, include: profuse watery diarrhea, sometimes described as “rice-water stools”. Cholera Transmission, Spread, Prevention & Treatment. Symptoms typically include diarrhea and vomiting and can be mild or fatal. Rehydration. Over 600 people died of cholera in London during the outbreak of 1854. Example of data collection form for cholera investigation:How to prevent cholera. It causes acute mortality and chronic suppurative necrosis. With proper treatment, even severely ill patients can be saved. Vaxchora (lyophilized CVD 103-HgR) is a single-dose, oral vaccine FDA- approved in the United States for use in people aged 2–64 who are traveling to an area of active cholera. Travelers to foreign countries where outbreaks are occurring may be at risk for. Choleragenic V. In addition, neighbouring Mozambique has registered a sharp increase in cases and alerts since. Cholera is an acute bacterial intestinal infection caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O-group 1 (O1) or O-group 139 (O139). People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with the cholera bacteria. [3] The. [2] Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. In fact, it was Koch’s work on cholera the led the way to firmly establishing the germ theory of disease, and helped convince the medical community as to the microbial nature of this. All isolates should be sent to CDC via state health department laboratories for cholera toxin-testing and subtyping. Antibiotic regimens for the treatment of cholera. We found that approximately 1. 2 million cases, including over 5,600 deaths, to the World Health. In this report we review and discuss the cholera management strategies applied by the major international humanitarian. Children aged 2–6 years. Cholera is endemic in Somalia with recurrent outbreaks reported since 2017. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. From 1990 to 2016, the reported global burden of cholera fluctuated between 74,000 and 595,000 cases per year; however, modeling estimates suggest the real burden is between 1. )Cholera often occurs in epidemics, spreading in contaminated water or food. Symptoms of cholera infection can include: Diarrhea. g. Cholera outbreaks were described throughout history and as far back as the ancient Greeks by Hippocrates in 400 BCE. 2. The Ministry of Health declared a cholera outbreak in Malawi on 3 March 2022, following laboratory confirmation of a case in in the country. The vaccine contains a weakened form of the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae (serogroup O1). The cholera epidemic of 1832 killed thousands of people in Europe and North America and created mass panic across two continents. S. thirst. Learn about the veterinary topic of Fowl Cholera. In severe infections in adults, more than 1 quart (1 liter) of water and salts is lost per hour. Hundreds of thousands of Indians and ten. Diarrhea and vomiting may be mild to severe. This trend continues into 2023. Cholera is a major public health problem, primarily in countries with poor sanitary conditions and regions affected by natural disasters, where access to safe drinking water is limited. Symptoms of cholera infection can include: Diarrhea. U. Drinking contaminated water leads to various diseases including cholera. John Snow’s observation during a cholera outbreak in 1854 London. Cholera is a severe form of watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae toxigenic strains. 2. Mortality is high, with death resulting from toxemia before the onset of diarrhea and vomiting. Cholera - 7th Pandemic, Bacteria, Vibrio: Scientists investigating the seventh pandemic have traced the origin of modern V. Introduction. These measures prevent both epidemic and endemic cholera as well as other water-borne diseases. The sixth cholera pandemic (1899–1923) was a major outbreak of cholera beginning in India, where it killed more than 800,000 people, and spreading to the. Death or flight took all but five of the 75 families from the town. Modern sewage and water treatment have virtually eliminated cholera in industrialized countries. Understanding the effectiveness and duration of protection afforded by cholera vaccines is a key part of those efforts. S. Over 600 million people throughout the globe are at risk of contracting cholera. 0 million cases, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths. Cholera. Mandal, Ananya. CDC experts represent the agency on task force working groups for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), case management, epidemiology and surveillance, laboratory, and oral cholera vaccines. The disease. " Cholera is spread by eating food or drinking water contaminated. • South and Southeast Asia. Using data from the 1800s, we describe. Drawing of Death bringing the cholera, in Le Petit Journal (1912). The 2010 outbreak resulted in >820,000 cases and approximately 10,000 deaths ( 1, 2 ). The Ministry of Health declared a cholera outbreak in Malawi on 3 March 2022, following laboratory confirmation of a case in in the country. While rates are highest in young children, in fact, more older. Whole. cholerae, with or without the cholera toxin gene (including the nontoxigenic strains of the O1 and O139 serogroups), can cause a cholera-like illness. Cholera infection may cause a variety of symptoms, including: profuse but painless watery diarrhea (rice watery stools) vomiting of clear fluid. The commonly told story goes that during the cholera outbreak in 1854 in Soho, London, a smart local physician called John Snow noticed a pattern in the distribution of those dying from the disease. The microbe that causes cholera is a gram-negative bacteria called Vibrio cholerae . John Snow was born in 1813 in York, England, the first of nine children. Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the disease. This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. First isolated, cultured, and characterized by Robert Koch in Germany in 1883, the organism is a comma-shaped, flagellated, gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. Infection is typically through contaminated water or shellfish. 05%) have been reported by the Haiti Ministry of Public Health and Population from all ten departments in the country. Boosters are given after two years for people over 6 years old, and after six months for children 2-6 years old. The first cholera outbreak was reported in Haiti in October 2010. 1%) have been reported from all 29 districts of the country, making it the biggest active cholera outbreak in Africa currently. This disease has been a major public health concern for centuries, causing. A young child is vaccinated against cholera in Haiti. In countries that have poor access to clean drinking water and sanitation, the bacteria can be found in drinking water, uncooked seafood and other foods. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated. Despite all the major advances in research, the condition still remains a challenge to the modern medical world. In 2022, 30 countries reported cholera outbreaks, including places that had been free of the disease. Vomiting. Cholera has been reported in 47 countries worldwide, and is most likely to affect the poorest and most vulnerable populations, including young children and older adults. Event-Based Surveillance 8 3. When cholera symptoms occur, they begin 1 to 3 days after exposure, usually with sudden, painless, watery diarrhea and vomiting. Cholera is an acute infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by extreme diarrhea with rapid and severe depletion of body fluids and salts. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated. One name that is closely tied to our understanding of cholera transmission is Dr. Vaccination against cholera is not routinely recommended because cholera is rare in travelers and most travelers do not visit areas. A cholera alert (suspected cholera outbreak) is defined by the detection of at least one of the following: two or more people aged 2 years or older with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration, or dying from acute watery diarrhoea, from the same area, within 1 week of one another. Cholera: A Trail Epidemic. Balochistan and Punjab provinces have also reported 31 and 25. Malawi is experiencing a widespread cholera outbreak, with 36 943 cases and 1210 associated deaths reported from all 29 districts since 3 March 2022. The bacteria that cause cholera are usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Tetracycline has been shown to be an effective treatment for cholera and is superior to furazolidone, cholamphenicol,and sulfaguanidine in reducing cholera morbidity. It is nearly impossible to prevent cholera from being introduced into an area, but the spread of disease can be prevented through early detection, confirmation of cases, and a coordinated, timely, and effective response. Cholera. Member States where no cholera cases were detected are encouraged to report annually on this absence of cases (i. Cholera Transmission, Spread, Prevention & Treatment. People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Over the last few months, cholera outbreaks have increased globally. Although only a few cases are recognized in the United States each year, many cases are identified each year in portions of Africa, South and Central America, and. cholerae from contaminated water or food. 1. Approximately one in 10 (5 to 10 percent) infected persons. By October, 7,822 cases and 518 had been confirmed in the Far North region. Between 3 and 5 million cases are reported each year accounting for over 100,000 deaths. Based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Gabriel García Márquez, it tells the story of a love triangle between Fermina Daza (played by Giovanna Mezzogiorno) and her two suitors, Florentino Ariza (Javier Bardem) and Doctor Juvenal Urbino (Benjamin Bratt). Cholera vaccine. CDC Works With Global Partners to End Cholera. Now, scientists have used DNA from historical samples to figure out how the modern strain—responsible for 1304 deaths last year alone—morphed from a harmless microbe centuries ago into a deadly. Importance. When deployed in settings where cholera is endemic, the current vaccine reduces incidence of severe cholera by 37–65% over the ensuing 2–3 years [9], [10]. Cholera reporting. It's mainly found in places without a clean water supply or modern sewage system, such as parts of Africa and Asia. 3 million to 4. Five Basic Cholera Prevention Steps. Where is cholera found?Key facts. ; Global efforts which primarily focus on outbreak response are shifting. One epidemic of cholera occurred in the area of Broad Street, Golden Square, in Soho, a poor district of central London with unhygienic industries and housing. Cholera is a disease that is caught from contaminated food or drink and causes severe diarrhoea. While the situation is unprecedented, the lesson to draw is not a new one: safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene are the only long-term and sustainable solutions to. 0 comments. Moderators. The infection causes an acute diarrhoeal illness, which is usually mild but can develop into life-threatening symptoms. Learn about risk factors, prevention, and more. 378 Followers, 855 Following, 28 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from W E R K A H. 0%) have been reported from all 29 districts of the country, making it the biggest active cholera outbreak in Africa. eating food that's been handled by an infected person. Mandal, Ananya. High-volume fluid loss with electrolyte derangements that can progress to hypovolemic shock and ultimately death characterizes this gastrointestinal disease. This has triggered. Cholera is a major cause of epidemic diarrhea in some parts of the world. Antibiotic treatment reduces fluid requirements and duration of illness, and is indicated for severe. Symptoms typically. It is easy to treat but yet is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths a year. With the Global Cholera SPRRP, and the coordination with key partners. . In the early years of the California gold rush, cholera struck each spring at the thronging jumping-off towns along the Missouri River where thousands of gold seekers and Oregon-bound emigrants gathered to outfit. The meaning of CHOLERA is any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; especially : an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped gram-negative bacillus (Vibrio cholerae synonym V. More than ever the world must invest in water and sanitation systems and prepare communities before outbreaks occur. The country reported its largest outbreak occurring from October 2001 to April 2002, which affected 26 of the 29 districts, with 33 546 cases and. Cholera is an acute infection caused by the colonization and multiplication of V. Rehydration is accomplished in 2 phases: rehydration and maintenance. cholera. STORY: Zimbabwe's government is imposing restrictions on public gatherings and food vending as cases of cholera soared this week. Cholera can cause dehydration, which can be deadly if not properly treated. Vibrio cholerae. Some strains of V. The Yemen cholera outbreak has been driven by years of conflict and has now become the largest in epidemiologically recorded history with more than 1. The first cholera pandemic, though previously restricted, began in Bengal, and then spread across India by 1820. Thus, while the. Cholera ( / ˈkɒlərə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. That toxin disrupts the way cells absorb and process fluids and electrolytes, forcing them to go in just. A person infected with the bacteria can cause a one-million-fold increase in Vibrio cholerae numbers in the environment through a single diarrheal episode. Nearly all cholera cases reported in U. Cholera is an infectious disease in DayZ. Recently, the re-emergence of cholera has been noted in parallel with the ever-increasing size of vulnerable. Over the past 200 years, there have been seven cholera pandemics, and today’s surge is the largest in a decade. Abstract. The first major outbreak occurred in 1998 and was widespread in the southern region, with 25 000 cases reported. Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Next, you will use the map to make a web app so anyone can explore your map. Or, as a group of eminent cholera scientists declared in 1994, “Cholera can be a net benefit to humanity by calling attention to deficiencies in basic systems and. A medical personnel stands in front of a ward of a Cholera Treatment Center, funded by the Unicef, Malawi Red Cross and UK Aid, at Bwaila Hospital in the capital Lilongwe, Malawi, January 25, 2018. Background. Cholera also spreads easily. Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by ingesting contaminated food or water and can kill within hours if left untreated, yet it is usually easily treated by rehydrating patients if cases are caught in time. 1 This. This paper identifies. 16 December 2022 Health. Vibrio cholerae is a major cause of severe dehydrating diarrheal disease and remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are inadequate (). Vaxchora should be taken at least 10 days before travel to an area of active cholera transmission. It is closely linked to the lack of adequate safe water and sanitation, due to underdevelopment, poverty and conflict. Expand section. Fever is usually absent. The African continent. New cholera cases in the southern African country trebled from 437 to 1,259 this week, the biggest jump since the latest outbreak of the water-borne disease started. Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today. Between 2014 and 2021 Africa accounted for 21% of cholera cases and 80% of deaths. Cholera cases are often under reported. Since ESR only started in 2010, data from 2010 to 2013 was used to calculate the average. Cholera is a rapidly dehydrating diarrheal disease caused by a toxin-producing bacteria, Vibrio cholerae [ 1]. Author Summary The global burden of cholera is largely unknown because the majority of cases are not reported. Abstract. Very few people who get treatment die. Diseases spread in Gaza amid water and sewage crisis, cholera feared. Cholera is a disease that infects the small intestine, an organ of the digestive system. The goal of cholera treatment is to replace all the fluids and electrolytes (salts) lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Officials have said that the.