dutching wettrechner. Free OddsMatcher. dutching wettrechner

 
Free OddsMatcherdutching wettrechner  When gambling using dutching, a punter shares the bet across several selections

How dutching works. 34% hit rate. Dutching lowers your overall odds while boosting your chances of winning. Those stats tell us that, in the long run, you’ll have the. 0 is 100/2 = 50%) So the above example 2. Let’s give you a quick overview of the eight basic tenses that exist in Dutch. Players can bet on the favoured team in a relatively tight game to win 1-0, as well as a 0-0 draw, plus over 1. 10 nov. The regular system is usually one pick or one outcome. By using our dutching calculator, you can find out the optimum stake to place on the draw, plus a victory for either side. Dutch betting or dutching is a technique where we choose a selection on one bookmaker and then choose an opposite selection on a. Dutching is a betting technique used in matched betting where a bettor places multiple bets on different outcomes of an event to minimise the potential loss and ensure a profit regardless of the outcome. Doves are some of the toughest birds to hit, so you want to use a shotgun you are confident with. During fermentation, the juicy sweatings of the pulp are drained away, the. excel; calculation; Share. The dutching process is not very difficult after you think through the process a little. S. In this video, Chris goes over why it might be useful for you and how you can get star. Ihr müsst lediglich die Quoten und den Einsatz eingeben, den Rest erledigt unser Systemwetten Rechner. The Dutching Calculator - DoppelWetten. Find free betting tips and expert predictions today with previews and analysis of events, provided by the bettingexpert community. And they honour their guarantee by refunding money. However, in order to work with our Dutching Calculator, just follow the steps below. 50 on horse A, and $37. Dutch Betting vs. The Dutch process (sometimes called "Dutching") bathes the cocoa beans in an alkaline solution, producing a darker brown cocoa powder with a chemically neutral pH of between 6. And if you invest just a little bit of time, you can use Excel to load and transform data as well as simulate games, size bets, track schedules, spot hedging opportunities, and. Football is a popular sport for dutching, especially the ‘match winner’ market. The Dutching calculator that we have created in the element below is your quickest way to see the immediate returns of your bets. Suite 860. To ensure fair splitting of the bill, reach an agreement before placing any orders, to avoid any squabble later when the bill arrives. The capital of British Columbia, the City of. . This app is a generalized dutching calculator. Introduction. This technique is helpful when you wish to back two or more outcomes and have a specific amount to stake. All three versions are free. I have been 'dutching' the 1st and 2nd rated horse, starting with the first. Dutching also reduces the antioxidant properties of cocoa. Licence Number: MGA/CL3/454/2008 17th March 2015, Triq. Nutrition Facts. While winning is not guaranteed, betting on more than one. 1) Skip the race if one of the top 2 rated is a non runner. Each Way Dutching Calculator - Calculates the stakes necessary for equal profits across a selection of each way bets. It involves the treatment of cocoa nibs with a food-grade alkali solution to raise the pH, producing darker colors and stronger flavors. Basically, this refers to a dolly camera shot in the air, using a large piece of equipment called a crane that moves towards or away from the scene. Dutching is a betting strategy that involves backing multiple selections to make sure the outcome is the same, no matter who wins. The goal is to divide the total betting amount across different selections to balance the risk instead of placing all the bets on one outcome. One needs to calculate the correct stake to place on each selection so that the return is the same if any of them wins. Matrices are a useful way to represent, manipulate and study linear maps between finite dimensional vector spaces (if you have chosen basis). Dutching is a long-term strategy that requires patience and discipline. Alles was ihr dafür tun müsst, ist lediglich die Eingabe der Quoten eurer ausgesuchten Tipps sowie die Bestimmung des gewünschten Einsatzes. Dutching, also known as Dutch betting, is the name for the betting technique of backing more than one outcome in the same event as opposed to just one. 5, stake = £6. 00. OddsChecker is the most knowledgeable and helpful place for sports betting online. $18. - both teams to score means at least a 1:1 = 2 goals you have covered the 1:0 and 2:0 with a total stake of 8. Note the strike rate for Top-Rated Only' is calculated using the number of Top-Rated selections that win (or place at 5/1+ best prices), whereas the Strike Rate for Dutching is where the. Dutch betting, also known as Dutching, is the practice of backing more than one selection to achieve the same profit regardless of which selection wins (view our standard Dutch betting calculator). The dutching system calculates the bets should be split at $3 on the 2, $3 on the 3 and $14 on the 6. HORSE NAME 1 and/, HORSE NAME 2. J. Open School BC is British Columbia, Canadas foremost developer, publisher, and distributor of K-12 content, courses and educational resources. Cocoa is frequently dutched—treated with alkali in a 180 year old process — for several reasons. In sportsbook, Dutching is sharing the risk across a number or runners by backing more than one selection in a race or event. ”. Using an external dutching calculator and then backing on here is no good as prices have changed too quick. g. 5 fulltime. This equates into just over 11/8 in terms of fractional odds. À l’inverse du dutching, le matched betting n’est pas soumis au loi du hasard et permet de transformer les paris, en gains assurés. odds of 0-0 full time should be 18 or above and odds of laying 0-0 half time should be 0. Apart from the smaak (taste), which becomes zachter (smoother) and intenser (more intense), this. A Dutch bet covers a number of selections in a sports betting market, rather than just one. Let’s. We’re talking about backing the top 5 favourite horses (out of 10). Cocoa powder can help support cardiovascular health, balance cholesterol, reduce diabetes risk, bolster cognition and even support weight loss, however research indicates that dutching decreases its antioxidant properties, polyphenols, flavanols, and fatty acids. 17 for a return of 32. Dissection is a useless (and, depending on who you ask, gross) skill. This post explains how we use dutch betting to make profits each week. I believe, having read the manual, that the prime objective of The Toy's dutching function is to achieve even profit. Each Way Dutching Wettrechner. Is dutchingDieser Wettrechner hilft Wettenden dabei, den möglichen Gewinn einer Einzelwette zu berechnen. oddschecker's Dutching Calculator tells you how much to stake on each selection to ensure an equal profit no matter which one wins. Dutching Calculator tells you how much to stake on each selection to ensure an equal profit no matter which one wins, also known as the Dutching System. A portal where you can place your dutching bets. This one is obvious; you need to bet twice as much on B as you do on A. Click through from any match in the OddsMatcher to open up the Matched Betting Calculator. Dutching consiste em apostar em mais do que um resultado de uma só vez garantindo lucro igual em todas as tuas selecções. This loss lowers the antioxidant capacity of cocoa. g. Re: My dutching strategy #21776. 18 Surprising Benefits of Dark Chocolate. odds of 0. Chocolate, dark, 70-85% cacao solids. Returns calculator. Public Domain Sightings of The Flying Dutchman. Stake £10 on another horse with odds of 4/1. Make friends from Kolkata in this Kolkata Chat Room. Wettmärkte mit bis zu 10 verschiedenen Wettoptionen können hier auf ihre Surebet-Möglichkeiten getestet. The process consists of washing the cocoa in a kaliumcarbonaatoplossing (potassium carbonate solution), which neutralises the zuur (acidity) in the cocoa to a pH of 7. EDT. Dutching Calculator currently has 52 reviews with average vote value 4. 00 etc. a horse race) and split your total stake across those selections to increase your chances of landing a winner. If the football match ends with a winning margin of one, three, four, or more. As an example , lets say 3 correct scores , with odds of 3 and a stake of 30 . you. However, during ‘dutching’, chocolate loses most of its antioxidants, making it less effective for reaping the benefits of chocolate. Overlay - wird verwendet, um den Lay-Betrag zu berechnen, der erforderlich ist, um das Level an der Börse nach der Provision. Why gamble on lots of runners at all different odds when you. 1. Feel free to try the free previews. Egal wie umfangreich eure Sportwetten sind, es ist kinderleicht. Stake £10 on horse B @ 5. Dutching is a process invented by Coenraad Johannes van Houten (1801-1887), the son of the Dutch chocolate maker Casparus van Houten. With dutching, bettors back several horses within the same race instead of only one. Dutch processed cocoa, Dutch cocoa, or alkalized cocoa, is cocoa solids that have been treated with an alkalizing agent to reduce the natural acidity of cocoa, giving it a less bitter taste (and darker colour) compared to "natural cocoa" extracted with the Broma process. It’s popularly thought the expression originated as a British slur towards the perceived stinginess of Dutch people. Patent Rechner. Dutching is a betting strategy that involves placing bets on all selections within a market so that the returns are the same no matter the outcome. 00 plus the three exacta plays. Welcome to the dutching calculator website. 00. Dutching is the process of backing under round rather than laying over round. So, move to the Indian chat rooms as per your interests and have fun chatting. I have added a dutch betting calculator here to the site so you can start using the technique right away. Dutching comes into its own when there are multiple selections you want to bet on. 00. Published: 20:17, 19 June 2023 | Updated: 16:46, 4 July 2023. Einfacher geht's nicht! Das Herz des Rechners und der Freund eines jeden Arbitrage-Wetters. Bei den Systemwetten tritt bei vielen Wettkunden häufig das Problem auf, dass je umfangreicher der Wettschein ist, desto schwieriger sich die Berechnung des möglichen Gewinns ist. Testen wir den Dutching Wettrechner an einem konkreten Beispiel aus den beliebten Fußball Wetten, dass es nicht einfach werden würde. It allows you to predict whether both teams will score. You'll learn all your new words in the Dutch language - yes. Alle Features des Surebet-Rechners nutzen: Beispiel-Rechnung. 1. Van Houten, was the inventor of the cocoa press in 1828. 1. Dutching. Mit unserem kostenlosen Wettrechner erfahrt ihr schnell und unkompliziert eure Gewinne. Can set prices, field sizes and liquidity for every market before placing the bet. Suite 860. Dutch process, or Dutched cocoa is gealkaliseerde cacao (alkalised cocoa). Pinnacle is thanked for sponsoring the Open Access fee for this paper which makes it available to all, rather than the publication being behind a pay-wall or only. Overall, the risks of douching far outweigh the benefits. Verwenden Sie den Wettrechner, um herauszufinden, wie viel Sie gegen eine Wette mit einem Buchmacher verlieren müssen. A dutching calculator will tell you the precise amount to bet to win on each horse to get your desired result. Immediate calculation of your dutching bet: using our dutching calculator you will get payout breakdowns, a clear understanding of this bet type Dutching is another risk-free technique for Matched Bettors. Photo: Hanneke Vollbehr/Getty Images. 00 winnings/return, it would NOT cover the stakes of the other 4 runners e. This method has been commonly used since fixed odds betting was introduced. 2) Skip the race if one of the horses is 'odds on'. Half-Time Correct Score. If we up the overall stake to £1,000, you would make the following bets: £361. Dutching is a great tool for Matched Bettors for a variety of reasons. Enter your stake, bet type, odds (fractional or decimal), place terms (if applicable). Sezonun teması "The Football Festival" (Futbol Festivali). 90 for City to win while they priced Arsenal at 2. 28 March 2011 at 3:07PM edited 4 April 2011 at 9:12AM. Remember to reach for dark chocolate instead of milk chocolate, as milk chocolate contains far less cocoa (the stuff that produces serotonin) than dark chocolate. Dutch process cocoa powder is more commonly found in Europe. Its antioxidant-rich nature also promotes hair health and skincare. When brown/black cocoa powders were compared to red cocoa powders, similar decreases in flavanols were observed with increased alkalization. When using the dutching technique, we bet on all outcomes of an event with different bookmakers rather than using a betting exchange. +1 312 496 7300. Betsy, the. A win would return $147 and the profit would be $48. oddschecker's Dutching Calculator tells you how much to stake on each selection to ensure an equal profit no matter which one wins. Futbolseverler, yaklaşan duygu fırtınasını büyük bir hevesle beklerken eFootball™, aynı zamanda sizlere çeşitli oyun içi Milli Takım Etkinlikleri getirecek. Winning Margin Examples. . The Betfair Exchange is simple to use but the range of options you can choose means it can look complicated at first. 67% + 14. Trust your gut and make sure you are watching the game properly as knowing the opponents will make predicting the final result with more accuracy a more plausible task. 1. Bet Angel contains an advanced. So this should, in principle, lead to more successful bets and, as a result, more frequent betting returns. The definition is a canted angle that gives the audience a viewpoint that comes at a tilt. TylerH. Applying the dutching calculator to our example, it means we are going to bet our bonus of $100 from bet365 on the game with +400 odds and $423. We were able to make a total profit of 47. The fewer selections you choose to Dutch, the less losers you will back and the more profit you should make. Dutching is a strategy that is so simple that you'll probably hate yourself for not thinking of it before. 1, resulting in a more mellow flavor. 21 September 2016 at 3:52 pm #. In fact, some hunters will say a 12-gauge is too much gun for doves, but a 2¾-inch 1- or 1 1/8-ounce load of lead No. If either of these outcomes happen I get €138 back whereas if I just put my €100 on England Double Chance it would only return €133. KPM KC5 Rotating Consistency Transmitter. The dutching bet. The oddschecker Dutching Calculator tells you how much to stake on each selection to. Then, there are six “semi-tenses” that appear when these two main tenses (present or past) interact with a mood (factual or hypothetical) or an aspect (temporary or continuing). Hedging Calculator - Know your Trading Profits - With the hedging calculator you can see how you can guarantee back or lay profit on your live bets. One of the older faces in online sports betting, Borgata (operated by BetMGM) is a safe choice to place your sports wager. For Equal Stake, we have the following example: Stake £10 on horse A @ 5. Cocoa powder can help support cardiovascular health, balance cholesterol, reduce diabetes risk, bolster cognition and even support weight loss, however research indicates that dutching decreases its antioxidant properties, polyphenols, flavanols, and fatty acids. Dogmatic opinions are not permitted in betting which means that your strategy should change depending on the match itself. Forum Guru Join Date 07-15-2010 Location The Great City of Manchester, NW England ;-) MS-Off Ver MSO 2007,2010,365 Posts 42,820Anyone who is using dutching in sports betting should be using a dutching calculator to ensure the precise bets to place on the different legs of the bet, to secure the profit. Like the oddsmatching software, the dutching software shows the rating for each set of bets, and lets the user know how. Does anoyone have any experiencing in dutching over a long period of time? For example, let's say England vs Belgium win/draw/lose, I think Belgium won't win so I put €52 on an england win and €48 on a draw. Going Dutch means that every person in a group of diners or imbibers pays for their themselves. The Dutch process version had an earthier but flatter flavor; the natural cocoa version was fruitier, but. 64 return) Total stake = £30 (£8. 28. 45 on Liverpool @ 21/10. Only solution is to use different provider for tips e. If you bet €62,50 and €37,50, respectively, the profit will be the same if either runner wins, €87,50. She joined 40+ after her daughter went to college and she craved more social interaction. 2TIPS, for races with 3 tips use provider name 3TIPS and so on. You find two bookmakers that give the same odds for two different outcomes and place the same amount of bet on each. Now i know that I need to stake £6. Simply put, you back multiple selections in 1 event (e. Use the AceOdds Bet Calculator to work out returns for Accumulators, Lucky 15's, Doubles, Trebles, Football, Horse Racing and more. On Nov. The Dutching calculator has the capacity to make complex calculations in a matter of moments and will inform you as to the amount of funds you might want to put. Origin: Dutch, Germanic. Set and forget capability. Alle Chancen. Let’s use a dutching football example: Primarily used for football and horse racing, dutching is a betting strategy that involves the backing of multiple selections in the same event. The best way to calculate dutching bets is to use a dutching calculator, so you don’t make a mistake and lose money. +1 866 443 0460. BetClan Wert Wettrechner - Finden Sie Value-Wetten Berechnen Sie den erwarteten Wert beim Wetten, Verwenden des Quotenwertrechners ermöglicht es Ihnen, den Wert zu sehen was Sie erwarten würden für eine Wette zu erhalten basierend auf der. That being said, I think that schools should still have. For example, if you wish to back 5 selections with £2 each, the total stake you will be risking is 5×2 = £10. Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. Betsy DeVos is the richest member of Donald Trump's cabinet. Speaking broadly, Dutching is a viable betting strategy on the betting exchanges now as the book overround is so small. 3) split your stake with the intention. All reputable sellers offer 30 day, or 60 day, or 90 days money back guarantees. If you want to add more selections, click on the. Dutching Rechner Dutching ermöglicht Gewinne durch richtige Einsatzverteilung. Betsy's Billons. This is the simplest example and the most common use of this technique – it is also known as dutching matched betting. Provide the calculator with the lay bet decimal odds as they appear on the betting exchange website. 60 to win. to figure the other horses, divide the payout of the lower odds horse into the highest odds horse. Arb Cruncher is a free online arbitrage betting calculator that calculates the level-profit stakes for arbitrage betting, trading, dutching and synthetic Draw No Bet betting on the betting exchanges, as well as the returns from parlayed bets (multiples). If using a. Instructions. This is because our total stake would be $42. So, we take the. Dieser kostenlose Wettrechner ist eines der wichtigsten Tools für Matched-Wetten und wird verwendet, um sicherzustellen, dass Sie unabhängig vom Ergebnis den gleichen Gewinn oder Verlust erzielen. A Dutch bet covers a number of selections in a sports betting market, rather than just one. 17 = 46. Buy Now!open control panel. United States. Bei den Systemwetten tritt bei vielen Wettkunden häufig das Problem auf, dass je umfangreicher der Wettschein ist, desto schwieriger sich die Berechnung des möglichen Gewinns ist. Esoccer Battle - 8 mins play 78. Resveratrol boosts both endorphins and serotonin levels. Also known as Dutching, dutch betting is a strategy that involves backing multiple outcomes in an event instead of one. º Dutching calculator Dutching calculator introduces you to the concept of dutching, a betting strategy that involves covering multiple selections with varying stake sizes depending on their individual odds. Inform Racing’s Free Horse Racing Systems. Dutching. Chicago, IL, 60654. Kolkata Chat Rooms without registration are here. While winning is not guaranteed, betting on more than one. These days it seems like most people’s taste tends to. In the US, such alkalised cocoa is known as European style or Dutched cocoa. Get Race Cards, Tips and Results for today’s horse racing and search the horse racing form archive. Seja vo. Let’s say you want to stake £20 on a horse race and you can’t decide between two horses: Horse A @ odds of 5. In general, natural cocoa offers mild, light flavor (some call it “old-fashioned chocolate flavor”) while Dutch-process will give you a darker, more bittersweet experience. The technique was initially used in horse races. . VitalSource is a phenomenal resource for students wishing to eliminate paper copies of textbooks from their lives!Kidney infection symptoms include: diarrhea. Instead, it comes from the other side of the Atlantic and a particularly significant moment in history. The second-largest city in India has so many interesting people to talk to. Top win contenders: Lovely Princess, Ever Smart, Sister Lou Ann Contenders for exacta tickets: Sinfiltre, Haughty. Your Nearest Office. Each Way Dutching Wettrechner Zeigen Sie Ihren Einsatz gleichmäßig auf die einzelnen Auswahlen, damit Sie unabhängig davon, welche Ihrer Wetten erfolgreich ist, den gleichen Gewinn erzielen. This would obviously only have a chance to work when the odds on each horse were very close to the same. Than. Dutching betting system can also be used as an alternative to lay bets at a betting exchange in matched betting, especially for a tennis match (see later for how it works). Dutching to a Liability target. 00 = £4. Thus. Speaking broadly, Dutching is a viable betting strategy on the betting exchanges now as the book overround is so small. Dutching-Wettrechner. The Dutching calculator supports bettors with their strategy by calculating how much should Dutching calculator be wagered on each selection and analyzing whether or not there is a chance to make a profit. You may also click the button to see the full dutch details. So, if a bettor uses $100 in this type of betting they must use the. Unser kostenloser Matched-Wettrechner bietet über die folgenden erweiterten Modi zusätzliche Funktionen: Normal - Standardeinstellung zur Berechnung des gleichen Gewinns oder Verlusts unabhängig vom Ergebnis. 5:1 and 4. The Belgian accent, called Flemish, is used, which is understood in the Netherlands. Dutching is a specific type of bet that consists of placing simultaneous bets on various outcomes in order to guarantee equal profit on all choices. The dutching horse racing system is now a popular form of betting that people use to try and gain more winnings. 59. Dutching How It Works What You Will Need All you require to use this UK horse racing dutching system is the excellent free racing post on the internet and preferably a Betfair account or similar. Enjoy millions of the latest Android apps, games, music, movies, TV, books, magazines & more. More Winnings. 10, 1942, the C-47 nicknamed The Flying Dutchman (S/N 41-18564) hit a strong down-draft over the Owen Stanley Range while carrying U. Slowly pour in the boiling water and add in the vanilla extract. This method is used to change the color of the chocolate and reduce the bitter flavor. Instead, it comes from the other side of the Atlantic and a particularly significant moment in history. 00. The Tragic Story of The Flying Dutchman. 8 percent of Americans and Canadians. Eating dark chocolate improves serotonin levels partly because of resveratrol. Don’t force it in, as you can risk tearing or bleeding in the area. As a bettor you can be at times attracted to multiple selections in a market and quite simply, want to get around them all! This is common in horse racing as well as futures markets such as who will win the Superbowl or be the. Dicas de Apostas grátis, Previsões e Prognósticos de Jogos. Dutching is used in the gambling world to reduce the probability of losing money on an event. An example would be backing four horses in a race, ensuring that, whichever won, the return would be enough to outweigh the total stake. $0. July 26, 2023 at 6:00 a. Join Betfair Now »Spray two 9-inch cake pans with non-stick cooking spray. You see, the bookmakers operate to what’s termed an overround. select advanced system settings. South America. This is a very common strategy in horse racing ,and simply means betting on multiple horses. 15 11 th March 2020 Winner Highland Acclaim 7/1Disadvantages. On the other hand dutching in play means fewer choices, less risk and more accurate predictions. Betfair International Plc is licensed and regulated by the . This can also be seen with Dutching, the Dutch oven and the game Dutch Blitz. 17 for a return of 32. In Dutch Angle photography, vertical lines (red) are at an angle to the sides of the frame (blue) and horizontal lines (yellow) are at. Our app is intuitive and user-friendly, allowing you to input the odds of. “The process darkens the cocoa ingredients, changes the taste by reducing bitterness, and increases the dispersability of cocoa powder for various applications such as beverages. View answer. 20 * 20. You will have a six bet Dutch. For starters, it implies staking on more than one outcome. 11 + £9. Jul 28, 2017. According to Wikipedia, dutching is a betting technique where you ‘share the risk of losing across a number of runners by backing more than one selection in a race or event’. Today, they’re still employed as guard dogs or police dogs and are also a common household. Hedged Dutch Betting. $2. Você pode usar esta ferramenta com uma corrida pré-preenchida da lista de corridas de cavalos ou inserir suas próprias seleções para corridas de cavalos, partidas de futebol, partidas de tênis e muito mais. This will increase your chances because you will win if any of those selections win. Systemwetten Rechner können das Chaos oftmals beheben und mehr Übersicht verschaffen. War Bomber – 5 to 1. Analysis: Lovely Princess was sent to post as the seven to five favorite when last seen on 8/27 in the Ellis Park Turf Stakes and she ran big, rallying from sixth early to. . 3 mg/g for the lightly processed cocoas, 7. May 13, 2021 Tech Digest Correspondent. 1. Dutching Calculator - Know Your Stakes Quickly - Dutching Calculator tells you how much to stake on each selection to ensure an equal profit. Verteilen Sie Ihren Einsatz gleichmäßig auf mehrere Auswahlen, so dass Sie den gleichen Gewinn erzielen, unabhängig davon, welche Ihrer Wetten erfolgreich ist. It is also worth pointing out that you can combine it with other strategies as well. How the Horse Racing Dutching System Works. $0. Women who drink alcohol may increase their risk of breast cancer and head and neck cancers. Take a softening cream and apply it on your toenails. Re: Both Teams To Score/Correct Score Dutching System hi m8, since i noticed yr thread i was thinking about the dutching stake etc. While Dutching can be a useful tool for some bettors, there are also some risks involved. While attaining its greatest success against the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1630s and ’40s, the company depleted its. Stir continuously until unsweetened cocoa powder is fully dissolved. Betfair Trading Software. If you’re in a pinch and need to make a quick calculation, you can rely on the Dutching calculator to make this endeavor possible. e. Read more about chocolate and health. A Google Sheets betting tracker is also available. The meaning of DUTCHING is present participle of dutch. Race Advisor Insights. Bake at 22-27 minutes. The process calculates the correct stake to place on each selection so that the return is the same if any of them wins. 1. The Dutching Calculator determines a set profit amount that can be achieved from betting on each of the three horses in the race. Correspondence Address: Triq il-Kappillan Mifsud, St. Vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis). 5. Dutching Calculator - Online Betting Academy.