2. A period may precede an em dash if it is part of an abbreviation (see also 14. 2. I went out with a guy based on his use of dashes once. g. En Dash Examples. Although en dashes look similar to hyphens, they have a specific purpose and meaning – en dashes connect words in place of the word “to” or “through”. Thanks very much for your reply, Jennifer. Punctuation is the tool that allows us to organize our thoughts and make it easier to review and share our ideas. 5. Commas allow for a smoother read than dashes, which interrupt the sentence to draw the reader’s attention. En dashes are incredibly useful punctuation marks, used to add extra emphasis to a sentence or statement. This technique is best suited for creative or informal writing. dashes. American usage puts the month first, followed by the day, and then the year. When you use AutoCorrect Options, you can also click Stop Automatically Creating Dashes, or click Control AutoCorrect Options to open the AutoCorrect dialog box. )The dash (—) is a mark of punctuation used to set off a word or phrase after an independent clause or a parenthetical remark (words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt a sentence). 3. Type another word. Other Types of Dash. It's difficult for me to judge the tone of the sentence examples you used, so I can't give a specific suggestion. Write an en dash. It is the doppelgänger of the. g. An em dash or a pair of em dashes may indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure or an interruption in dialogue. A dash is a break in thought, from one focus to another. g. However, they are meant to be used for different purposes: an en dash (–) is most often used to indicate ranges, while an em dash (—) is used to mark breaks within a sentence. When you type the hyphen, en dash, and em dash, no spaces should appear on either side of the punctuation mark. In Unicode, the em dash is U+2014 (decimal 8212). 157). Any grammer Nazi's out there that have the answer, please do so ASAP. That may occasionally appear in old writing, where em dashes after commas and semicolons are more common. In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. 7. The em dash is primarily used to emphasize or add additional information to a. These marks are available in most word processors, though many people simply use single and double quotation marks: 5’ 10”. For a fuller understanding of the em dash, I quote the CMOS Online in full:7. Semicolons separate two independent clauses. Trademark ™ : ALT 0153;There are three types of dashes in writing used to convey different ideas in an engaging way. drutgat • 2 yr. The em dash helps separate the parts of a sentence. Notice in these examples, the em-dash has no spaces around it, while the en-dash does. When injecting a descriptive clause into a sentence, you are free to use em dashes, commas, or parentheses. Example. Go to the system preferences and choose "Language & Text". What is a hyphen? It is a short horizontal line (-) used as a punctuation mark. In Google docs, use insert special character. When a pair of em dashes sets off material ending with an exclamation point or a question mark, the mark is placed inside the dashes. pages 11–23. The most common versions are the en dash –, generally longer than the hyphen but shorter than the minus sign; the em dash —, longer than either the en dash or the minus sign; and the. en-dash — Midsized hyphen (–) named en-dash because the dash historically is the length of a lowercase m. 2. Whether it's better to use a comma here or an em dash is another matter. The Space In French Punctuation. For windows, you can hold down the ‘Alt’ and ‘-‘ key and you will get an en dash. 1. And like a colon, it can introduce a word or a clause that describes or expands upon what precedes it. Examples: James opened the door and was surprised to see her. The hyphen is used to connect words, such as in compound adjectives or to divide words at the end of a line. In most situations, a colon is better than an em dash, but if the list is being tacked on to the end of a complete sentence, or feels like an aside (see above), then an em dash might make sense. Most of the time you will see a space before and after this dash. They also establish a relationship between words and ideas. Example em dashes: Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher. Write an em dash. The long dash is the widest of the three horizontal marks that may be used in the middle of a sentence. Example: She gave him her answer—No! Exclamation Mark (!) An exclamation mark is used to show emphasis. JAWS is the most likely of the screen readers to read these kinds of punctuation marks. The em dash is also used for denoting an incomplete speech. Dashes. For example, “the years 2020–2022” or “the hours 9:00 a. If you use it in academic writing, you might look unsure of yourself. These dashes differ not only in their length but also in the function they perform in a sentence. Always put commas and periods inside the quote. I am thinking the product_code value may actually contain an -en-dash- or an -em-dash- or something other than 0x2D that is getting displayed correctly (somehow) with the combination of CubeCart, PHP, the web server and the web browser. You would simply end the line of dialogue, have a sentence of narration, and then have a new line of dialogue, even if it's the same speaker continuing. Use a dash instead of a comma when you want to strongly set off an idea. Insert em Dash. Interjections can stand alone as minor sentences, punctuated with a period, exclamation point, or question mark. ” Stutters, Stammers, and Pauses. Type another word. 'Break/Fold Mark'. En & Em Dashes While sometimes used in other styles to indicate a range of time, AP Style does not use en dashes. You would simply end the line of dialogue, have a sentence of narration, and then have a new line of dialogue, even if it's the same speaker continuing. To help indicate this “cut” between the two parts, many poems use punctuation, typically an em dash (—) or an ellipsis ( . An em dash is a punctuation mark used to separate elements within a sentence, typically words or phrases that are too long to be separated by commas or need a dramatic pause during reading. (Note that AP style does not use en-dashes. The common editing choice, again supported by Chicago (6. Most likely it's an en dash or em dash rather than a real hyphen or minus symbol. An em dash is the width of the letter "m" in the font and type size being used, and should never be used in place of an en dash or hyphen. ) If I run the sql statements of the stored procedure until the final select statement only, the data look fine, dash character is still a dash character. The em dash, also known as the mutton dash or em rule, refers to the em. Examples: 2009–2019. That being said, em dashes should not be used in place of hyphens or colons. So, they cannot be linked by comma (Commas are only used to link a dependent and an independent clause). Hold down the left. The em-dash would indicate something like raising the eyebrows right at the end, or tilting the head down and looking up from under the eyebrows. Here’s a trick to help you remember which is which. Aether still appears as a poetic affectation, especially in reference to the word’s ancient Greek and Latin senses, but. But to show a true interruption, the kind that occurs when a speaker is cut off in the middle of sentence or a word, we’ll need something stronger than a comma—namely, an em dash (see also CMOS 6. En dashes are incredibly useful punctuation marks, used to add extra emphasis to a sentence or statement. Mistakes with hyphens are very common: leaving them out when they’re needed, adding them when they’re unnecessary, or putting them. It may be used in place of commas, a semicolon, a colon, or parentheses. , em dash, en dash, or hyphen), you should put the footnote marker before it. The stores were filled with holiday shoppers—even more so than last year. Em dashes can be used to replace pairs of commas and parentheses. Mabel tried, despite her dolefulness—for how could she be otherwise?—to bake her own bread but each loaf that emerged from her oven tasted vaguely of tears. You create an em-dash by typing two hyphens, and most word processing programs will tie them automatically into the longer dash. Em dashes also substitute for something missing. The em dash “—” and the en dash “–” are the two most popular dash forms. [Emphasis mine. a) She is wearing a new yellow dress, and looks clean and neat. A hyphen. Enter the replacement character in the Replace with text box (see figure 5). Example Parentheses: After three weeks on set, the cast was fed up with his direction (or, rather, lack of direction). The most flexible and versatile punctuation mark—the Em Dash. NOTE: An em dash is not a hyphen. How to use en dashes. Character escapes used in markup include numeric character references (NCRs) and named character references. The Oxford Manual of Style once stated, “If you take hyphens seriously, you will surely go mad. Em dashes are used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. “Wait!” she shouted. An em dash can be used for the same purpose. First type a period (or question mark or exclamation mark) immediately after the word before the ellipsis; then type three spaced ellipsis points. • Dashes are often used to introduce an abrupt change of thought, while parentheses add information. It thus performs many of the same functions as commas, parentheses, and colons, but with a bit more drama—a “wait for it” tension that tends to lend emphasis to whatever it introduces. e. Here’s how to master the em-dash, exclamation point and question mark. A hyphen (-) is shorter still. Ellipses for omitted material spanning two or more sentences. – this would be the correct answer because the question is asked within the quotation marks so the question mark must appear here too. An ellipsis suggests a slight pause, as if one thing happens and then the other. I agree that it should try to match the size of the missing word. Then, click Undo Dash. Em dash (—) Twice as long as the en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or colon to enhance readability or emphasize the conclusion of a sentence. Examples. Numeric Keypad: Windows allows the user to type any available character, including diacritical marks, by holding down one of the Alt keys while typing in a numeric code on the numeric keypad, if one is available. Have you a reason why you think curved brackets should be abandoned in favour of dashes in this particular example? The linked article doesn't contrast differences in availability or effect between the punctuation variants available. This is also true for the dot part of the question mark, and exclamation mark. Em dashes (also known as m-dashes or em rules). Em dashes are the longest of the common dashes (I won’t be covering 2-em and 3-em dashes in this article) and are so named because they are the width of the letter “m. When. U+1F67D. ] There’s even more explanation: If the break belongs to the surrounding sentence rather than to the quoted material, the em dashes must appear outside the quotation marks. We use ellipses to indicate omissions of words, phrases, or even whole sentences. What you read in the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas is correct: only parenthetical remarks and dialogues are correct uses of the em-dash in Spanish. 4. left single quotation mark: 146 ’ right single quotation mark: 147 “ left double quotation mark: 148 ” right double quotation mark: 149 • bullet: 150 – en dash: 151 — em dash: 152 : ⃜ : small tilde: 153 ™ trade mark sign: 154 : š : Latin small letter s with caron: 155 › single right-pointing angle quotation mark: 156 : œ. Select the Close button to close the Find and Replace dialog box (see figure 7). newspaper publishing was to represent an em dash with two. In the native Mac word processor, Text Edit, you’ll have access to the. If you use it in academic writing, you might look unsure of yourself. There are actually two different kinds of dashes. Mac. Example: apple orchard–scented candle. @Kenny LJ, please remember there are no absolute rules about the use of any kind of dash as opposed to others… so em-dashes matter here only in the guidelines specified by your house style-book. The semicolon is also used between two independent clauses linked by a transitional expression (e. But other style guides might say something else—so, unfortunately, there is no. Intuition is important to survival: studies show that instinct can beat analytical thinking in a crisis. The English language has several easily-confused horizontal-line punctuation symbols: Hyphen: –. Most commonly, a dash connects an independent clause with another, with a. Collingwood as Mr. Note: An en dash is slightly longer than a hyphen. Below is a list of punctuation marks written in English; translate each term into French. Or. The em dash triggers readers’ brains to insert a slightly longer pause, which can aid in reading comprehension. The en dash is approximately the length of the letter N, and the em dash the length of the letter M. Learn how to use em dashes in a sentence with these examples and best practices. The final, foolproof way to type an em dash in Word is to go to the. It is shorter than an em-dash and longer than a hyphen. Write with Grammarly What is an em dash? Em dashes differ from other hyphens and dashes not only in usage, which we will discuss shortly, but also in appearance. To type the — using the keyboard you can the Alt code from the shortcode section. The employee, hoping to go home early, rushed her tasks. 2, Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point, Question Mark, Placement], is never combined with another exclamation point, question mark, period, semicolon, colon, or comma; thus, there is no comma in the first example below. The first is in pairs—doing this right here can help you to segment a side piece of information—or they can be used to break a sentence into a separate section nearer the end. )This would usually be at the end of a phrase or sentence, which means it will be next to a piece of punctuation. Ellipsis (…) [edit | edit source] A sequence of three dots is known as an ellipsis, which is commonly used to indicate omitted text. To turn smart punctuation off, all you have to do is go to Settings > General > Keyboard, and then turn off the "Smart Punctuation" toggle. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. 90 Em dashes and line breaks; 6. Use to indicate duration or continuing or inclusive numbers such as dates, times or reference numbers, use an en-dash (a slightly. A dash is a punctuation mark that resembles a hyphen, but longer. En dashes are used to indicate relationships or interactions and ranges. —dijo María con calma. Look at my use of em dashes in this post, aside from the previous sentence. This means we only use one em dash instead of two when the interruption comes at. You can use such punctuation as periods, commas, semi-colons, colons, parentheses, brackets, quotation marks, dashes, exclamation points, question marks and some others. ColonsFrom The Punctuation Guide : “The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. Em dashes for interruptions: Use em dashes when you are interrupting the main idea of a sentence. Dash: Dashes set off a series within a phrase: “Of the many breakfast options — omelets, waffles, pastries — he only wanted coffee”; indicate a break in thought: “Felipe’s is a popular eatery — in Harvard Square”; or attribute a quotation to an author: “‘You must do the thing you think you cannot do. To illustrate, I’m going to reproduce the first sentence of this paragraph, but with a semicolon: 'Break/Fold Mark'. One to look out for: the colon. DASHES. In informal writing, feet and inches are sometimes expressed as, for example, 5′ 10″ (read: five feet and ten inches). 8. Should a question mark be used after an em dash that abruptly ends a sentence? Ask Question Asked 1 year, 4 months ago Modified 4 months ago Viewed 168 times 4 I. Then, after you press the space bar after the word after the dash, most word processing programs will turn those two little hyphens‐‐into an em dash—like so. (Learn more about the difference between a. The web's most comprehensive guide to American punctuation. ” But the width of the two dashes isn’t the only thing that separates the two. These marks are available in most word processors, though many people simply use single and double quotation marks: 5’ 10”. Some word-processing programs have a mark called an em-dash (longer than a hyphen), which can be used with no space before or after it. If it helps, picture the em dash superimposed on the letter “M” and the en dash superimposed on the “N. What is the difference between en and em dashes? The shorter en dash (–) is used to mark ranges and with the meaning “to” in phrases like “Dover–Calais crossing. When you spin the wheel, punctuation marks appear, including: period, comma, question mark, hyphen, dash, parentheses, apostrophe, ellipsis, quotation mark, colon, semicolon, exclamation point. 7. In doing so, the em dash acts similarly to commas, semicolons, colons, and parentheses. Em dashes can also signal an interruption or a sudden change in the direction a writer was heading with a particular sentence. The shift from em dash to en dash reflects contemporary writing practice and the new focus on digital content. The patient reported taking 15 (?) milligrams of alprazolam. By and large, an em dash serves to insert a break in your thought without ending your thought entirely. At the risk of being pedantic, an ellipsis is a single symbol, not three dots. The em dash is even longer and is used in place of a comma, parenthesis, or colon for emphasis. . Use an em dash to mark sharp turns in thought. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons —in each case to slightly different effect. If you’re looking for the answer — or just wondering what an em dash is — learn how (and when) to use an em dash correctly here. Write an em dash. As its name suggests, an em dash (—) is roughly the length of the letter M, while an en dash (–) more closely matches an N. Use an em dash (a symbol that is longer than a hyphen) when the speaker stops speaking on their own or is interrupted. What ‽ When your sentence calls for a question mark and an exclamation mark, the interrobang is the punctuation mark you need. When it displays it in the application, the dash turns into a question mark !?!?!? I then have an Export button, which writes these back to a textfile. d) Working 9-5 daily, and keeping up with homework is difficult. Use em-dash for denoting a break or a clarification within a sentence: “Three authors—John Grisham, Danielle Steele, John Updike—have between them written eighty-nine books. The difference between a parenthetical comment using parentheses, and one using em dashes, is probably a matter of style. Em dashes. Em dash is an impressively versatile punctuation mark that can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons, depending on the context. The em dash is treated like a question mark or an exclamation mark, which are both followed by the closing. In fact, the em dash is named after its length—it’s. — Lo siento, no lo sabía. For Windows, press Ctrl+Alt +Minus (-) or Alt+0151. The em dash (—) is a versatile punctuation mark used to enhance the readability and clarity of written text. —respondió Carlos. Authors can easily remember the difference. The most common types of dashes are the en dash (–) and the em dash (—). Some methods for forming these punctuation marks on a PC: En dash—hold down the Alt key and type 0150 on the numeric keypad. There are many uses for elipses and dashes. The em dash is the chameleon of punctuation marks. The hyphen (-) should be used in compound names and words as follows: In phrasal adjectives, which follow “three basic rules: (1) Generally, if it is placed before a noun, you should. Em Dash (—) Indicate an interruption or an abrupt changeAnywhere formal typography appears, an en dash might pop up. The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. If the interruption occurs at the. It indicates a longer pause than a comma and a semicolon. For example, one em in an 18-point typeface equals. It is slightly shorter in length, visually resembling a hyphen, but with different usage. For example, with mo—n for 'more than', the dash is likely to be written at x-height. a. It was originally a humorous and slightly sanitized version of the curse word, but it has become the standard form. Windows. Mac. […] All water from the streams; dead birds were found In wells a hundred feet below the ground Such was the season when the flower bloomed. ] There’s even more explanation: If the break belongs to the surrounding sentence rather than to the quoted material, the em dashes must appear outside the quotation marks. Translation. 2. In general it is the same length as an em-dash, and so this is often used instead. Or you can create an em dash by typing Ctrl+alt+minus on your number pad. . "Three—red, white, yellow—are my favorites. This is a good example of when to use such as dash in a sentence. Em dash: —. The en dash (–) is one-half the width of an em. The dash can also be used to represent a pause, but a more. If the action is in the middle of a sentence, use em dashes outside the quotation marks. Use em dashes to do the following: Set off explanatory. That should explain it. Dashes are used to separate two words into statements. &bull First item in the list. A numeric character reference in hexadecimal format. An em dash or a pair of em dashes may indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure or an interruption in dialogue. It. This is a common editing mark and has several uses, but its primary purpose is to separate clauses and huge parts of the sentence. Em dashes are used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. (An em dash, or long dash, is used: in pairs, to mark off information or ideas that are not essential to an. A parenthesis set off by dashes (or commas) rather than parentheses is still a parenthesis. C. 2)”Are you OK?” is a direct question. Spaniards actually have a bit of a hard time when learning those alternative uses in. Examples. 2. An em dash (—) is used to mark an interruption, as mentioned above (“What the—”), or material set off parenthetically from the main point—like this. This eliminates option A. Examples. 2] In braille, a dash is represented by dots 6, 36 (,-). An em dash is a punctuation mark that can be used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. An em dash or colon is part of the same toolkit, but they serve slightly different purposes. When a character hits a server or email. An en-dash is also used as a minus sign as in –10°F. Etc. the first word after a colon, em dash, or end punctuation in a heading. See wikipedia. Many programs also automatically create an em dash when you type two single hyphens together. The following example from Toni Morrison’s Beloved shows both uses: “Nothing bad can happen to her. Should a question mark be used after an em dash that abruptly ends a sentence? Ask Question Asked 1 year, 2 months ago Modified 2 months ago Viewed 164 times 4 I looked through a number of the site's questions to find an answer to my problem. | Grammar The em dash performs a versatile function to help separate certain words from the rest of a sentence. If you're including terminal punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation mark), your speaker's sentence isn't being interrupted, so you wouldn't use em dashes at all. On cell phones running Android’s Gboard or iOS operating systems, press and hold the hyphen on the onscreen keyboard. For degrees, use a space between the en dash and the degree and the emphasis. Dashes and hyphens. FWIW, my product_codes that have a dash show as a dash (hex 2D). In almost every instance, you should place the footnote marker after the punctuation. 🙽. Em Dashes The em dash is the longest line among these marks of punctuation (—). Hold down the Alt key, press 0 1 5 1 on the numeric pad, and then release the Alt key. ”. Example: You’ll see him if you look”—she pointed across the street—“just over there. However, the semicolon, colon, dash, question mark, and exclamation point fall outside of the quotation marks (unless, of course, the quoted material has internal punctuation of its own). ”. Hold down. MLA doesn't touch on more than 2 subtitles; however, there is a syntax for a work with more than one title which makes use of ; or, as the delimiter, so perhaps stay away from using semicolons. An em dash is longer than the en. The dashes are more prominent, and thus suggest a more prominent comment. This is more of a life lesson rather than a question of if an em dash is formal or informal. 1. The em dash suggests an instantaneous jump from one part to the other, as if the two parts are both happening at the same time. The colon in Spanish is used for enumeration, explanation, or quotes, just like in English. Actual output : 1993 1995 Expected output : 1993 – 1995 I have done the UTF-8 encoding in Java but still getting the same output in the excel. SQL Developer is Java based which does not use NLS_LANG settings but SQL*Plus does, so you have to set NLS_LANG properly. S. A Hebrew period in a traditional serif face usually looks like a tiny tilted square (a diamond; ). Many programs also automatically create an em dash when you type two single hyphens together. On a Mac: En dash—press option+hyphen key. — Question Mark. When the dash is used, the change in the thought or sentence structure should be evident and distinct. In Word, you’ll hold down Shift+ Option+minus rather than the Ctrl+Alt+minus mentioned above. There are two kinds of dashes, the en dash, and the em dash (long dash). Translation. It can either become: Woman: without her, man is nothing. The em dash can be used in place of commas, colons, semicolons, and parentheses to increase sentence variety and readability. If the second clause starts with who then it will become dependent and therefore won't be preceded by a semicolon. In example 4, the 1st quote should be a complete sentence or an ellipse followed by a new paragraph describing Bob's face, followed by another paragraph with Peter's response. Once again, the em-dash adds more emphasis than the traditional punctuation mark. Periods (), question marks, exclamation marks, and commas are used as in English. If you want more design. The dash is a great way to indicate an abrupt change of thought or a parenthetical statement, and sometimes this may be useful after a question is complete. 27, 2015. However, it depends on the usage and meaning. Improve this answer. The Chicago Manual of Style says that “periods and commas precede closing quotation marks. When listing information, you may use the em dash between the list and independent clause when the list comes first. First, one is longer: The em dash (—) → which is like two hyphens joined together. If you want to use hyphens before and after your text, click AutoCorrect Options. 9. (I usually just replace all curly single quotes with ' and all curly. Em-dashes in Place of a Semicolon. This type of dash is used to indicate a range, especially between numerical quantities like scores and dates. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons —in each case to slightly different effect. The em-dash would indicate something like raising the eyebrows right at the end, or tilting the head down and looking up from under the. Most likely it's an en dash or em dash rather than a real hyphen or minus symbol. Pre-electric typewriters normally had only the hyphen-width dash to apply to situations calling for em dashes, so the usual method in U. It’s longer than a hyphen and is commonly used to indicate a range or a pause. Below are lines of five each of em dashes, en dashes, minuses, and hyphens, all separated by a normal space. Dash. Character encoding is a link between the visual representation of a character (like a registration mark or em-dash) and the bytes that store them in memory. And Words into Type, third edition (1974), without referring explicitly to dashes, also agrees: Direct questions. Em dash character is not a part of ASCII character set. For example: The company’s profits have been steadily declining over the past year — a trend that is cause for concern. As such, it should not be followed by a period or question mark. In the case of an actual question being asked I feel the mark would go before the em-dash. I use the alt code - alt+0148. 88 Em dashes with “that is,” “namely,” “for example,” and similar expressions; 6. Follow the end quotation mark with an em dash and the action or thought and then another em dash. Another way to create them is to press and hold Alt and type 0151 on a Windows device or select Option, Shift, and the hyphen key ( ‐) on a Mac. It’s a long dash, the length of two connected hyphens. However, there is a specific use native speakers give to this Spanish punctuation mark: in emails or letters, greetings are written using colons, whereas in English you usually use a comma unless you’re being very formal. 1. Don’t put any spaces before and. An ellipsis may be preceded or followed by other punctuation. It is longer than both the en dash and the hyphen, and its length is equal to the width of the letter “M” in the given font. Use an En dash as a replacement for the word ‘to’ or to denote a range of numbers. Here are some rules for how to use interrupters. On a Mac. The quotation marks indicating Isaac's thoughts emphasize his uncertainty about the future. Two em dashes can be used to indicate missing portions of a word, whether unknown or intentionally omitted. immediately recalled the books. “I didn’t expect to — “An em dash or a pair of em dashes may indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure or an interruption in dialogue. Looking at the other commend where u/xlrod has a fix; what you have instead is char 65533 or - not a question mark, but a placeholder Unicode "I dunno what this is" character - that suggests your export wasn't right, and has mangled some characters. The example I saw comes from a tweet, reproduced here for convenience: "For today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior—not a divine social justice warrior, not a liberation. A dash is longer than a hyphen and is commonly used to indicate a range or a pause.